Verbenaceae

Poliumoside, a caffeoylated phenylpropanoid glycoside, is isolated from Brandisia hancei stems and leaves. Poliumoside is an advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation and rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR) inhibitor, with IC₅₀s of 19.69 and 8.47 μM, respectively. Poliumoside also has antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphate is an active compound from the leaves of Vitex negundo L. shows anti-inflammatory activity with evidence of inhibition for secretory Phospholipase A₂ (sPLA₂) through molecular docking.

7-Hydroxyflavone is a flavonoid isolated from Clerodendrum phlomidis, with anti-inflammatory activity. 7-Hydroxyflavone protects renal cells from nicotine (NIC)-associated cytotoxicity via the ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. 7-Hydroxyflavone inhibits PKM2 with an IC₅₀ of 2.12 μM. 7-Hydroxyflavone inhibits COX-2 and 5-LOX with IC₅₀ of 27 µg/mL and 33 µg/mL. 7-Hydroxyflavone is orally active.

Coumaran (2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran) is an AChE inhibitor with antileishmanial activity. Coumaran may acquire antiparasitic capabilities through activation of macrophages and exert immunomodulatory activity. Coumaran can be used as a biopesticide..

Verbenalin is an orally active terpenoid glycoside that can be extracted from the medicinal plant Verbena officinalis. Verbenalin has anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and neuroprotective effects. Verbenalin has a strong binding affinity to the nsp-12 protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Verbenalin can be used in the research of inflammatory and nervous system diseases such as hepatitis and Alzheimer's disease.

5,4'-Dihydroxy-6,7,3',5'-tetramethoxyflavone (Compound 3) is a flavonoid compound that can be isolated from the leaves of *Lantana montevidensis*. 5,4'-Dihydroxy-6,7,3',5'-tetramethoxyflavone possesses potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities, and can be used in the research of inflammation and cancer.

Acacetin 7-glucurono-(1→2)-glucuronide (compound 12) is a flavonoid compound present in the aerial parts of Callicarpa kwangtungensis Chun.

3′,8-Dimethoxy-4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone (Compound 3) is a flavonoid compound that can be isolated from the aerial parts of Verbena littoralis.

3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde is a derivative of benzaldehyde. 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde has antimicrobial activity. 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde is also an important intermediate for the synthesis of various drugs, such as Trimethoprim (HY-B0510).

Methyl palmitate is a naturally occurring fatty acid ester. Methyl palmitate is a potent inhibitor of ΙκB phosphorylation. Methyl palmitate modulates macrophage activity and down-regulates pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO). Methyl palmitate possesses anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. Methyl palmitate can inhibit LPS (HY-D1056)-induced Kupffer cells and rat peritoneal macrophages. Methyl palmitate is able to inhibit the phagocytic function of RAW cells. Methyl palmitate is antagonistic to muscarinic receptors. Methyl palmitate exerts cardioprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo. Methyl palmitate is highly toxic against adult T. cinnabarinus.

5,6,7-Trimethoxyflavone is a flavonoid compound that can be isolated from plants Callicarpa japonica. 5,6,7-Trimethoxyflavone exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities through inhibition of NF-κB/AP-1/STAT signaling pathway.

Verbenone is a naturally derived monoterpene ketone and an anti-aggregation pheromone/attractant inhibitor. Verbenone interferes with the responses of Dendroctonus brevicomis and Dendroctonus ponderosae to baited traps. Verbenone can be used in studies related to bark beetle infestations of trees.

Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside is a flavonol diglycoside with NO production inhibitory activity and anti-inflammatory activity. Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside targets activated macrophages to block NO production, with an IC₅₀ of 55 μM. Quercetin 3-O-neohesperidoside can be used in the research of inflammatory diseases.

Deoxylapachol is a major cytotoxic component of New Zealand brown alga, Landsburgia quercifolia. Deoxylapachol has antifungal and anti-cancer activity.

cis-Nerolidol is a sesquiterpene alcohol that can be found in various plants. cis-Nerolidol exhibits antioxidant and antibacterial activities. cis-Nerolidol can also potentiate the action of antibiotics.

Clerodendrin is a nature product could be isolated from Lobelia chinensis. Clerodendrin is a potent dual Interleukin-4 (IL-4) inhibitor and β-hexosaminidase (Hex) inhibitor.

Tiglic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid. Tiglic acid can be isolated from croton oil. Tiglic acid agonizes FFA2 and upregulates PYY expression. Tiglic acid derivatives have anti-inflammatory activity. Tiglic acid can be used in the research of obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases.

Rehmannic acid (lantadene A) is a compound isolated from Lantana camara. Rehmannic acid shows considerable in vitro antioxidant, free radical scavenging capacity activities in a dose dependant manner. Rehmannic acid is a promising candidate for use as an antioxidant and hepatoprotective agent.

Hastatoside is an iridoid glycoside that is isolated from Verbena officinalis and has a role in promoting sleep.

Vitexilactone is a diterpenoid that can be isolated from the leaves of Vitex negundo L. Vitexilactone shows antimicrobial activity towards E. coli. Vitexilactone induces cell apoptosis and inhibits cell cycle of cancer cells. Vitexilactone can be used for the research of cancer.