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carlet 808 (Bronze Red; Shanghai Bronze Red) is a naphthol red pigment. Scarlet 808 can be used for coloring coatings, leather, and latex paints. It has the advantages of high tinting power, good hiding power, alkali resistance, and acid resistance .
TRFS-red, a red fluorescence emission off-on probe, is selective for thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). TRFS-red exhibits high response rate and sensitivity. TRFS-red can be used for imaging live cells .
Ponceau S (Acid Red 112) is a non-specific protein dye commonly used as a stain for Western blot. Ponceau S is used in an acidic aqueous solution that is compatible with antibody-antigen binding and dyes the proteins on the membrane red .
MitoTracker Deep Red FM fluorescent dye that selectively accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix. MitoTracker Deep Red FM covalently binds mitochondrial proteins by reacting with free mercaptan of cysteine residues, allowing staining of mitochondrial membrane potential independent of membrane potential. Excitation/emission wavelength 644/665 nm . Storage: Keep away from light.
RB-OPD (NO-red) is a o-phenylenediamine (OPD)-locked rhodamine nitric oxide (NO) fluorescent probe with great sensitivity and selectivity (λex=550 nm, λem=590 nm) .
FM-red (PSH-red) is a red-emitting and environment-sensitive probe for selectively detecting and labeling protein thiols. FM-red can be used to image protein sulfhydryl groups in live cells and in vivo. FM-red also could be used to measure of the redox states of thioredoxin (Trx) .
Direct Red 80 (Sirius Red) is a polyazo dye used principally in staining methods for collagen and amyloid. Direct Red 80 does not release benzidine upon degradation and is safer than many traditional direct dyes .
Neutral Red, a nitrogenous pH-indicator with a pKi of 6.8, is an indicator for the internal acidification of thylakoids. Neutral Red stains lysosomes red .
MitoSOX Red is a live cell fluorescent probe that specifically targets mitochondria and is cell membrane permeable. MitoSOX Red enters mitochondria and is oxidized by superoxide but not by other ROS or RNS generating systems. The oxidized MitoSOX Red then binds to nucleic acids in mitochondria/nucleus, producing strong red fluorescence. MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator to specifically detect superoxide. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) can prevent the oxidation of MitoSOX Red. Excitation/emission wavelength: 510/580 nm.
Direct Red 81 is a diazo dye with a very high water solubility. The dye adsorption efficiency of Direct Red 81 is increased by increasing the adsorbent dose and adsorption time .
MitoMark Red I is a fluorescent mitochondrial marker. MitoMark Red I is a red fluorescent dye which accumulates in mitochondria in viable cells and has an excitation wavelength of 578 nm and emission of 599 nm .
Glycine cresol red is a complexometric indicator. Glycine cresol red forms coloured complexes with Al 3+, Ga 3+ and In 3+ ions in aqueous solutions. Glycine cresol red can been used for the spectrophotometric determination of inorganic ions. Glycine cresol red can be used as a stain in neurohistology .
Nuclear Fast Red, an anthraquinone dye, is commonly used in conjunction with an excess of aluminum ions as a red nuclear counterstain. Nuclear fast red has been used as a histochemical and colorimetric reagent for calcium . Nuclear fast red as highly sensitive "off/on" fluorescent probe for detecting guanine .
Oil Red O is a fat-soluble diazol dye, with a maximum absorption at 518 nm. Oil Red O stains neutral lipids and cholesteryl esters but not biological membranes. Oil Red O can be used for detecting and quantifying hepatic steatosis in mouse liver biopsies. Oil Red O staining efficiently helps to visualize the radical changes that occur in tissues as metabolic disease occurs and progresses .
LysoTracker Red is a Red fluorescently labeled lysosomal probe with a maximum excitation/emission wavelength of 577/590 nm. The structure is composed of a fluorescein group and linked weak bases, which can freely cross the cell membrane and gather on spherical organelles. It is suitable for observing the internal biosynthesis and related pathogenesis of lysosomes .
Texas red-X 4-succinimidyl ester is a derivative of Texas Red (HY-101878), an amphoteric rhodamine red fluorescent dye. Texas Red is widely used to study neuronal morphology and as a cell type-selective fluorescent marker for astrocytes, both in vivo and in slice preparations.
Fura Red AM is a fluorescent probe, used for visualisation of cytosolic [Ca(2+)] distribution in living plant tissue. Fura Red AM works under the excitation wavelength of 488 nm .
ATP-Red 1 is a multisite-binding switchable fluorescent probe, and can selectively and rapidly responds to intracellular concentrations of ATP in living cells.
Allura Red AC, a food colourant, is dark red and water-soluble powder or granules used in various applications, such as in drinks, syrups, sweets and cereals. Allura Red AC has the ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA through static quenching .
Trx-red (NBL-SS perchlorate) is a red-emitting fluorescent probe derivatized from the nile blue fluorophore. Trx-red is used for selectively imaging thioredoxin (Trx) in live cells and in vivo (λex=615 nm, λem=661 nm) .
Violet Red Bile Agar can be used for solid plate detection of coliforms (GB, SN standards). Violet Red Bile Agar ingredients include peptone, yeast powder, sodium chloride, lactose, bile salts, crystal violet, neutral red, agar .
Fast Red Violet LB is a dye for staining tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Fast Red Violet LB can be used for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity staining .
Ruthenium red (Ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride) is a polycationic dye widely used for electron microscopy (EM) of cells, tissues and vegetative bacteria. Ruthenium red strongly reacts with phospholipids and fatty acids and binds to acidic mucopolysaccharides. Ruthenium red is a L-type calcium current (ICa) blocker .
Carmine (Carmine red), a natural red dye extracted from the dried females of the insect Dactylopius coccus var. Costa (cochineal). Carmine is a widely used food additive. Carmine provokes both an immediate hypersensitivity and a delayed systemic response with cutaneous expression .
Fast Red Violet LB Zinc chloride is a stain that stains tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and Fast Red Violet LB Zinc chloride can be used to stain alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity .
Fluorescent Red Mega 480 is a dye that is specifically designed for multicolor techniques. Fluorescent Red Mega 480 is characterized by an extremely large stoke′s shift between excitation and emission maxima .
Tetrazolium Red (2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride; TTC) is used to observe the activity of dehydrogenase, and it turns colorless to red when exposed to hydrogen. Tetrazolium Red is a colorless, water-soluble dye that is reduced to a deep red, water-insoluble compound (formazan) mainly in the mitochondria of living cells, thereby distinguishing between surviving and infarcted brain tissue after stroke .
Nile red (Nile blue oxazone) is a lipophilic stain. Nile red has environment-sensitive fluorescence. Nile red is intensely fluorescent in a lipid-rich environment while it has minimal fluorescence in aqueous media. Nile red is an excellent vital stain for the detection of intracellular lipid droplets by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytof uorometry. Nile red stains intracellular lipid droplets red. The fluorescence wavelength is 559/635 nm .
Phenol red (Phenolsulfonephthalein) sodium salt is a pH indicator dye, relying on a distinct color change from pink to yellow in case of a positive reaction .
Texas Red (Sulforhodamine 101) is an amphoteric rhodamine red fluorescent dye (excitation/emission: 586/605 nm). Texas Red is used extensively for investigating neuronal morphology and acts as acell type-selective fluorescent marker of astrocytes bothin vivoand in slice preparations .
Chlorophenol red-β-D-galactopyranoside is a long-wavelength dye, which has been widely used for colorimetric assays. Chlorophenol red-β-D-galactopyranoside is also a β-galactosidase substrate commonly used in recombinant yeast oestrogenic assays .
Ponceau 4R (85%)(Acid Red 18 (85%); New Coccine (85%))is a synthetic colourant that may be used as a food colouring. Ponceau 4R (85%)is a strawberry red azo dye which can be used in a variety of food products, and is usually synthesized fromaromatic hydrocarbons; it is stable to light, heat, and acid but fades in the presence of ascorbic acid .
CellTracker Red CMTPX is a cell-permeable fluorescent dye that can be used as a cell tracer for monitoring cell movement and location (Ex/Em=586/614 nm) .
Neutral Red (IND) is an organic dye commonly used in biology and cytology laboratories. It can be used to stain living cells, secreted proteins and other molecular structures, etc., and has a wide range of applications in cell imaging and staining. In addition, Neutral Red (IND) is widely used in industrial fields such as water treatment, food processing and paper manufacturing, for example as an indicator or colorant. Although the compound has no direct medical application, it has important application value in the fields of biology, chemistry and industry.
Ponceau 4R is a synthetic colorant that can be used for food coloring. Ponceau 4R is a strawberry red azo dye that can be used in a variety of foods, usually synthesized from aromatic hydrocarbons, and is stable to light, heat, and acids .
Alizarin red S indicator (C.I. 58005) is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
Chromotrope 2R can be used as a chromogenic analytical probe for the quantification of proteins. Basic proteins stained red and the peak wavelength red shifts from 501.6 nm to 567 nm .
Ferric oxide, red can be used as an excipient, such as colorant. Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients. Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations. Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs .
Cy7 tyramide, a red fluorescent dye, is utilized as reporter fluorescent substrate for horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed deposition that is signal amplification technique in immunoassay and in situ hybridization of nucleic acids.
Sudan I-d5 is a the deuterated Sudan I. Sudan I is a diazo-conjugate red dye and can be used as an additive to products such as oils, solvents or polishes. Sudan I inhibits growth of bacterial strains Clostridium perfringens and L. rhamnosus[1].
Both Ponceau S and Ponceau BS are synthetic dyes commonly used in biological research. They are commonly used as protein stains to visualize proteins in western blots and other protein detection analyses. Ponceau S is a red dye, while Ponceau BS is a blue shade of the same dye. Both dyes bind to positively charged amino acid residues in proteins for easy visualization. However, Ponceau S is more commonly used due to its higher sensitivity.
Mastoparan B is an antimicrobial peptide derived from hornet Vespa. Mastoparan B can cause the shape of red blood cells to change from normal disk-like to serrated .
The Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened vesicles superimposed on each other by unit membranes. The flattened vesicles are round with expanded and perforated edges. The Golgi fluorescent probe is a BODIPY-labeled ceramide derivative, the synthesis of which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and can then be transported to the Golgi via ceramide transport protein (CERT) or vesicular translocation, allowing specific labeling of the dye. BODIPY TR Ceramide (Golgi-Red Tracke) is a Golgi-specific fluorescent dye, which can visualise individual cells . Ex/Em=589 nm/616 nm.
5(6)-Carboxynaphthofluorescein diacetate is a fluorescent substrate for esterase assays that can be cleaved by intracellular esterases, producing red fluorescence to measure enzyme activity (Ex = 590 nm; Em = 645 nm) .
Hematoporphyrin (Hematoporphyrin IX), a photosensitizer, is a substrate for affinity chromatography of heme-binding proteins. Hematoporphyrin can induce apoptosis in U87 glioma cells and decrease tumor growth in vivo when exposed to red light .
Hematoporphyrin dihydrochloride (Hematoporphyrin IX dihydrochloride), a photosensitizer, is a substrate for affinity chromatography of heme-binding proteins. Hematoporphyrin dihydrochloride can induce apoptosis in U87 glioma cells and decrease tumor growth in vivo when exposed to red light .
Crystal Ponceau 6R is a red azo dye. Crystal Ponceau 6R used in histology, for staining fibrin with the martius, scarlet and blue (MSB) Trichrome stain .
X-34 is a lipophilic and bright yellow-green fluorescent derivative of Congo red (HY-D0236). X-34 can be used to stain neuritic and diffuse plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neuropil threads, and cerebrovascular amyloid in the brain. X-34 can be used for research of Alzheimer’s disease .
myo-Inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP) hexasodium, a modifier of haemoglobin, is an allosteric effector that reduces the oxygen‐binding affinity of haemoglobin and facilitates the release of oxygen by red blood cells. myo-Inositol trispyrophosphate can reverse hypoxia, control tumor growth and improve chemotherapy response .
Sulforhodamine B sodium salt is a fluorescent dye with uses spanning from laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to the quantification of cellular proteins of cultured cells.
Sudan I (Solvent Yellow 14) is a diazo-conjugate red dye and can be used as an additive to products such as oils, solvents or polishes. Sudan I inhibits growth of bacterial strains Clostridium perfringens and L. rhamnosus .
Lissamine rhodamine B is a red-fluorescent dye, it is a derivative of rhodamine. Lissamine rhodamine B can be used as a fluorescent probe to develop competitive aptamer fluorescence anisotropy/polarization (FA/FP) assays .
Oosporein is a red crystalline metabolite produced by a toxin-producing strain of Chaetomium trilaterale. Chaetomium trilaterale is isolated from moldy Peanuts. Oosporein inhibits plant growth and produces phytotoxic effects .
5-Cyano-2,3-di-(p-tolyl)tetrazolium chloride (CTC) is a redox-sensitive red fluorescent dye. 5-Cyano-2,3-di-(p-tolyl)tetrazolium chloride can be used for detecting metabolic activity in microorganisms. The emission maximum of 5-Cyano-2,3-di-(p-tolyl)tetrazolium chloride is 602 nm .
Sarcophine ((+)-Sarcophine) is a potent glycine receptor (GlyR) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.9 μM. Sarcophine is a nature product that could be isolated form the Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum .
Cy5-DBCO (DBCO-Sulfo-Cy5) is a near-infrared (NIR)red fluorescent dye with λabsand λem of 646nm and 670 nm, respectively. Cy5-DBCO (DBCO-Sulfo-Cy5) is not suitable for staining intracellular components of permeabilezed cell, it may exhibits a high background. Cy5-DBCO is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a DBCO group that can undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing Azide groups.
ReAsH-EDT2 is a red fluorescent dye that marks proteins. ReAsH-EDT2 is a membrane-permeable biarsenical compound that binds covalently to tetracysteine sequences which allows the protein to be imaged. ReAsH-EDT2 can be used for protein localization and trafficking. (λex=530 nm, λem=592 nm) .
DIDS is a potent RAD51 inhibitor. DIDS inhibits the RAD51-mediated homologous pairing and strand-exchange reactions. DIDS inhibits anion exchange and binding to the red blood cell membrane .
Tamapin is a venom peptide, targeting to small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (SK) channels. Tamapin is a selctive blocker of SK2 (Potassium Channel). Tamapin inhibits SK channel-mediated currents in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. Tamapin can be isolated from the Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) .
AcrB-IN-2 is an AcrB efflux pump inhibitor, with ability to potentiate the effect of antibiotics. AcrB-IN-22 inhibits Nile Red (a known substrate of AcrB) efflux.AcrB-IN-2 does not disrupts the bacterial outer membrane nor display toxicity in a nematode model .
4′-Hydroxy-2′-methylacetophenone, an aroma compound of red wines, is isolated from cv. Bobal grape variety. 4′-Hydroxy-2′-methylacetophenone has ciliate toxicity. 4′-Hydroxy-2′-methylacetophenone inhibits the growth of T. pyriformis, with an IC50 of 0.65 mM .
Efflux pump-IN-3 is an AcrB efflux pump inhibitor, with ability to potentiate the effect of antibiotics. Efflux pump-IN-3 inhibits Nile Red (a known substrate of AcrB) efflux. Efflux pump-IN-3 does not disrupts the bacterial outer membrane nor display toxicity in a nematode model .
Efflux pump-IN-4 is an AcrB efflux pump inhibitor, with ability to potentiate the effect of antibiotics. Efflux pump-IN-4 inhibits Nile Red (a known substrate of AcrB) efflux. Efflux pump-IN-4 does not disrupts the bacterial outer membrane nor display toxicity in a nematode model .
Cyanine 3.5 (Cy3.5 NHS ester) chloride is an analog of Cy3.5 fluorophore. Cyanine 3.5 chloride is a reactive, red fluorescent dye. Cyanine 3.5 chloride is used for labeling of amino-groups in peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides. (λex=591 nm, λem=604 nm) .
Janelia Fluor® 635, SE (JF635, SE) is a red fluorogenic fluorescent dye containing an NHS ester that can be conjugated with primary amine groups. JF635, SE can be used for live cell imaging . Janelia Fluor® products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Naphthoresorcinol (1,3-Dihydroxynaphthalene) is a fluorescent dye (λex=330 nm, λem=380 nm) that can react with the NPPD (a tracer) and concentrated HCl and develop a red color. Naphthoresorcinol could be used as a background electrolyte (BGE) to determine the carbohydrates .
FR-901235 is a new type of immunoactive substance produced by an imperfect fungus, Paecilomyces carneus F-4882. FR-901235 partially restored the impaired delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells in tumor-bearing mice .
Rhodamine dyes are membrane-permeable cationic fluorescent probes that specifically recognize mitochondrial membrane potentials, thereby attaching to mitochondria and producing bright fluorescence, and at certain concentrations, rhodamine dyes have low toxicity to cells, so they are commonly used to detect mitochondria in animal cells, plant cells, and microorganisms .
BODIPY TR-X (BODIPY TR-X NHS Ester) is a potent fluorescent dye. BODIPY TR-X can be used to label the primary amines (R-NH2) of proteins, amine-modified oligonucleotides, and other amine-containing molecules. BODIPY TR-X binds to protein or antibody and has bright, red fluorescent light. (λex=545 nm, λem=560 nm) .
SRE-II, an amide derivative, is an activatable photosensitizer for photodynamic cancer research with decreased fluorescence and photosensitizing capabilities. SRE-II can be further converted into the active photosensitizer SDU Red via carboxylesterase-catalyzed amide bond cleavage. SRE-II induces DNA damage and cell apoptosis in the presence of light. SRE-II can act as a promising theranostic agent for triple-negative breast cancer .
4',5'-Dibromofluorescein (Eosinic acid) is a fluorescein derivative that can used as a ligand for studying of protein properties by spectral analysis .
Delphinidin chloride is an anthocyanin isolated from berries and red wine. Delphinidin chloride exhibits endothelium-dependent vasodilation and anticancer activity. Delphinidin chloride also modulates JAK/STAT3 and MAPK signaling, thereby inducing apoptosis in HCT116 cells. Delphinidin chloride is also a potent inhibitor of EGFR (IC50: 1.3 μM), shutting down downstream signaling cascades .
Callophycin A, a red seaweed derived metabolite, possessing potent activity against Candida albicans with MIC of 62.5~250 mg/L. Callophycin A significantly reduces fungal burden of vaginal candidiasis induced mice, also decreases inflammatory response and immune molecules .
ER-Tracker dye is a derivative of BODIPY series dyes coupled with Glibenclamide (HY-15206), highly selective binding to the endoplasmic reticulum, non-toxic to cells at low concentrations, this type of dye is an environmentally sensitive probe, and formaldehyde treatment can still retain part of the fluorescence, with high fluorescence life, good extinction coefficient and other characteristics. Glibenclamide is an atp-dependent K + channel blocker (Kir6, KATP) and CFTR Cl-channel blocker that binds in the endoplasmic reticulum. ER-Tracker is not suitable for staining cells after fixation. Ex/Em=587/615 nm .
BDP 630/650 carboxylic acid is a bright far-red fluorophore based on a borondipyrromethene scaffold. BDP 630/650 carboxylic acid is a BDP linker containing carboxylic acid. BDP 630/650 carboxylic acid can react with primary amine groups to form a stable amide bond. (λex=630 nm, λem=650 nm) .
OBI is a Red Broccoli probe with red fluorescence. OBI enables Red Broccoli to be easily detected in living mammalian cells. OBI can be used to monitor intracellular metabolites .
5-Nitro BAPTA is a calcium chelator, combinded with 2-Me-substituted TM ( as a fluorescent moiety), can be used to form a red fluorescent probe (CaTM-2 AM), for imaging of cytoplasmic Ca 2+ in cultured living cells. 5-Nitro BAPTA is a building block used in the synthesis of Ca 2+ specific chelators, Ca 2+ buffers, and fluorescent Ca 2+ indicators .
Amustaline (S-303) dihydrochloride, a nucleic acid-targeted alkylator, is an efficient pathogen inactivation agent for blood components containing red blood cells. Amustaline dihydrochloride has three components: an acridine anchor (an intercalator that targets nucleic acids non-covalently), an effector (a bis-alkylator group that reacts with nucleophiles), and a linker (a small flexible carbon chain containing a labile ester bond that hydrolyzes at neutral pH to yield non-reactive breakdown products) .
TRITC-DHPE is a rhodamine-labeled glycerophosphate ethanolamine lipid, with head groups marked with bright red fluorescent TRITC dye (λEx/λEm=514/580 nm). TRITC-DHPE can be used for membrane fusion assay to trace lipid processing in intracellular phagocytosis. TRITC-DHPE can serves as an energy transfer receptor for NBD, BODIPY and fluorescein lipid probes .
Dabcyl acid sodium (DABCYL sodium) is a nonfluorescent chromophore and a quencher. Dabcyl acid sodium can be used as molecular beacon nucleic acid probes to recognize and report the presence of specific nucleic acids in homogeneous solutions .
Ucf-101 is a selective and competitive inhibitor of pro-apoptotic protease Omi/HtrA2, with an IC50 of 9.5 μM for His-Omi. Ucf-101 exhibits very little activity against various other serine proteases (IC50>200 μM). Ucf-101 has a natural red fluorescence at 543 nm that is used to monitor its ability to enter mammalian cells. Ucf-101 has a significant cardioprotective effect against MI/R injury and also has certain neuroprotective effect .
5-Nitro BAPTA tetramethyl ester is a calcium chelator. 5-Nitro BAPTA tetramethyl ester involves in the two-photon probe synthesis, and is used for real-time imaging of intracellular calcium ions, calcium waves monitoring at a depth of 100-300 μm in liver tissues for 1100-4000 s. 5-Nitro BAPTA tetramethyl ester, together with fluorescent compound 2-Me-substituted TM, can be used to form a red fluorescent probe (CaTM-2 AM) .
4-Methyl-1-pentanol (Isohexanol) is a pentanol added with methyl group, which can be used as a solvent and has excellent synergistic effect with PVCap. 4-Methyl-1-pentanol is also a volatile aroma component of red wine, which is often used in the production and blending of wine. 4-Methyl-1-pentanol can also be used as an alcohol antagonist to antagonize the effects of ethanol and 1-butanol on L1-mediated cell-cell adhesion, and is used in the study of fetal alcohol syndrome .
(7S)-Dalbergiphenol is a cytotoxic compound that can be isolated from Brazilian red propoli. (7S)-Dalbergiphenol inhibits cancer cell viability. Brazilian red propoli has cardioprotective activity .
EthD-III is a nucleic acid probe. EthD-III is a red fluorescent stain that can be used to detect dead cells. EthD-III enters cells with damaged membranes and binds to nucleic acids, resulting in bright red fluorescence in dead cells (Ex/Em=530/645 nm) .
PKH 26 is a red fluorescent dye, PKH 26 can stably bind to the lipid region of cell membrane and emit red fluorescence (Ex/Em=551/567 nm), which is mainly used for in vitro cell labeling, in vitro cell proliferation studies and in vivo and in vitro cell tracing studies .
Actinine (γ-Butyrobetaine) chloride is angiopathic substance produced as an intermediary metabolite by gut microbiota that feed on carnitine in dietary red meat.
Cross-linked dextran LH 20 could be used for the isolation and purification of natural compounds and foods, such as red wine, pigments, and flavonoids .
Manninotriose is a novel and important player in the RFO(Raffinose family oligosaccharides) metabolism of red dead deadnettle; potential to improve the side effects of MTX for ALL treatment.
Periplocoside N, a pregnane glycoside isolated from root powder of Periploca sepium, possesses insecticidal activities against the red imported fire ant .
Raspberry ketone is a major aromatic compound of red raspberry, widely used as a fragrance in cosmetics and as a flavoring agent in foodstuff; also shows PPAR-α agonistic activity.
Maltol, a type of aromatic compound, exists in high concentrations in red ginseng. Maltol is a potent antioxidative agent and typically is used to enhance flavor and preserve food .
Vari Fluor 680-Phalloidin is a fluorescent derivative of Phalloidin that specifically labels myofilament proteins and exhibits red fluorescence when labeled at 680/700 nm .
Vari Fluor 633-Phalloidin is a fluorescent derivative of Phalloidin that specifically labels myofilament proteins and exhibits red fluorescence at 630/650 nm when labeled .
Vari Fluor 594-Phalloidin is a fluorescent derivative of Phalloidin that specifically labels myofilament proteins and exhibits red fluorescence at 585/609 nm when labeled .
Polyporusterone A is a triterpene carboxylic acid isolated from Polyporus umbellatus Fries. Polyporusterone A has inhibitory effect on free radical-induced lysis of red blood cells (hemolysis) .
YOYO-3 is a cell-impermeant dye with far-red fluorescence used as nulear counterstain and dead cell indicator. It generates bright fluorescence upon binding to DNA.
Farnesyl acetate is a sesquiterpene isolated from the leaves of Amomum gagnepainii. Farnesyl acetate has significant toxicity against red palm weevil larvae with a LD50 of 7867 ppm .
Phalloidin-TRITC is a fluorescein derivative of Phalloidin, which can specifically label myof lin and display red fluorescence when labeled and can be observed using Tesred channels .
Poloxamer 288 F98 is block polymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with average molecular mass of 13000. Poloxamer 288 F98 reduces the aggregation of red blood cells .
Actinine-d9 chloride is the deuterium labeled Actinine chloride. Actinine chloride is angiopathic substance produced as an intermediary metabolite by gut microbiota that feed on carnitine in dietary red meat[1][2].
2'-Acetylacteoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Brandisia hancei, inhibits free radical-induced hemolysis of red blood cells and exhibits free radical scavenging activity .
Polyporusterone B is a triterpene carboxylic acid isolated from Polyporus umbellatus Fries. Polyporusterone B has inhibitory effect on free radical-induced lysis of red blood cells (hemolysis) .
DSPE-PEG-Fluor 594,MW 2000 is a PEGylated lipid with a DSPE group and a Fluor 594 fluorophore. DSPE is a phospholipid. Fluor 594 is a red water-soluble dye .
5-TAMRA (5-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine), SE and its conjugates yield bright, pH-insensitive orange-red fluorescence (approximate excitation/emission maxima ~546/579) with good photostability.
5-TAMRA-SE is an amine-reactive fluorescent agent, its conjugates yield bright, pH-insensitive orange-red fluorescence (approximate excitation/emission maxima ~546/579) with good photostability.
Decoquinate is a quinolone derivative that can be used for research of coccidiosis in domestic ruminants. Decoquinate also has potent activity against both Plasmodium hepatic development and red cell replication .
K114, a fluorescent Congo Red analogue, binds tightly to amyloid fibrils with an EC50 of 20-30 nM . K114 is an efficient detector of semen-derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI) .
Sulfo-Cy5 carboxylic acid is a Cy5 derivative that can be used for chemical synthesis. Cy5 is a red fluorescent label dye for imaging (Ex/Em=642/670 nm) .
Maximin 41 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 41 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 75 μg/mL). Maximin 41 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
Lycopene (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lycopene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lycopene is naturally occurring carotenoids found in tomato, tomato products, and in other red fruits and vegetables; exhibits antioxidant effects.
1-Phenylpyrrole (N-Phenylpyrrole) has dual fluorescent properties. 1-Phenylpyrrole displays a single band in nonpolar solvents and a second red-shifted fluorescent band in polar solvents .
β-Cryptoxanthin ((3R)-β-Cryptoxanthin), isolated from tangerines, red peppers, and pumpkin, is an oxygenated carotenoid and a potent antioxidant. β-Cryptoxanthin has an anti-stress effect .
Sulfo-Cy5 carboxylic acid TEA is a Cy5 derivative that can be used for chemical synthesis. Cy5 is a red fluorescent label dye for imaging (Ex/Em=642/670 nm) .
Maximin 42 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 42 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 37.5 μg/mL). Maximin 42 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
Maximin 77 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 77 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin 77 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
Chromoionophore XIII (SNARF-DE) is a pH senor that enables excitation with red light. Chromoionophore XIII functionality renders the indicator molecule lipophilic and water-insoluble but also prevents lactonization of the dye in an apolar environment .
Dorzolamide (L671152) hydrochloride is a potent carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.18 nM and 600 nM for red blood cell CA-II and CA-I respectively. Dorzolamide possesses anti-tumor activity .
Dorzolamide (L671152) is a potent carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.18 nM and 600 nM for red blood cell CA-II and CA-I respectively. Dorzolamide possesses anti-tumor activity .
Prodigiosin (Prodigiosine) is a red pigment produced by bacteria as a bioactive secondary metabolite. Prodigiosin is a potent inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Prodigiosin has antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antimalarial, immunosuppressive, and anticancer properties .
Colominic acid sodium salt (Polysialic acid sodium salt) could be naturally isolated from the cell wall of Escherichia coli and animals, gives a red color which has an absorption maximum at 530 nm. Colominic acid sodium salt (Polysialic acid sodium salt) possesses anti-bacterial activity .
Chrysamine G, a carboxylic acid analogue of Congo Red, can be used as a probe of amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease. Chrysamine G also can inhibit Aβ-induced toxicity in PC12 cells .
QTZ is a bioluminescence agent for in vivo imaging. QTZ has red-shifted emission and yields very little background. QTZ is a coelenterazine analog with the 4-quinolinyl substitution at the C8 position of the imidazopyrazinone core .
2-Methylpyrazine-d6 is the deuterium labeled 2-Methylpyrazine[1]. 2-Methylpyrazine is a kind of alkylpyrazine that can be identified in roasted red pepper seed oils[2].
Maximin 49 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 49 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin 49 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Cyanine 5 Tyramide (Tyramide-Cy5), a red fluorescent dye, is utilized as reporter fluorescent substrate for horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed deposition that is signal amplification technique in immunoassay and in situ hybridization of nucleic acids .
5-Br-PAPS is a highly specific Zn 2+ metallochromic indicator. 5-Br-PAPS is used in assays for measuring free Zn 2+ by forming a deeply colored red Zn 2+ complex .
AF647-NHS ester (tripotassium) is an analogue of Alexa Fluor 647 (AF647) (HY-D1119). AF647 is a bright, far-red fluorescent dye . Storage: protect from light
AF647-NHS ester (trisodium) is an analogue of Alexa Fluor 647 (AF647) (HY-D1119). AF647 is a bright, far-red fluorescent dye . Storage: protect from light
2-Methylpyrazine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Methylpyrazine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Methylpyrazine is a kind of?alkylpyrazine that can be identified in roasted red pepper seed oils .
Isethionic acid (2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid) is an organosulfur compound. Isethionic acid is widely distributed in animal species and in a few red algal species. Isethionic acid can be used as an anionic detergent and has anti-settlement activity against Balanus amphitrite .
Rubropunctatin, an orange azaphilone pigment, is isolated from the extracts of Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mold rice). Rubropunctatin has anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and antioxidative effects, and also exhibits anti-tumor activity .
Prodigiosin (Prodigiosine) hydrochloride is a red pigment produced by bacteria as a bioactive secondary metabolite. Prodigiosin hydrochloride is a potent proapoptotic agent, and inhibits Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Prodigiosin hydrochloride has antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antimalarial, immunosuppressive, and anticancer properties .
Thymol Blue sodium is an acid-base indicator used to indicate changes in pH. Thymol Blue sodium fades from red to yellow at pH 1.2 to 2.8 and from yellow to blue at pH 8.0 to 9.6 .
Blood Enrichment Medium can be used for enrichment culture of pathogenic bacteria in blood. Blood Enrichment Medium ingredients include peptone, beef extract powder, NaCl, glucose, sodium citrate, para-aminobenzoic acid, magnesium sulfate, phenol red .
AF 555 NHS ester is a bright, orange-red fluorescence probe. AF 555 NHS ester can be used to label primary amines (R-NH2) of proteins, amine-modified oligonucleotides, and other amine-containing molecules .
BSB is a Congo red-derived fluorescent probe. BSB binds not only to extracellular amyloid β protein, but also many intracellular lesions composed of abnormal tau and synuclein proteins. BSB acts as a prototype imaging agent for Alzheimer's disease .
PerCP Maleimide is a fluorescent dye that reacts with free sulfhydryl groups on proteins. PerCP is a red fluorescence albuminous dye for immunostaining and Maleimide can be leveraged for the preparation of fluorogenic probe, which is mainly used for the specific detection of thiol analytes .
Bikaverin (Lycopersin) is a reddish pigment produced by different fungal species. Bikaverin shows antibiotic properties against certain protozoa and fungi .
DCI-Br-3 is a rapid, highly sensitive, and selective probe to monitor thiols in the epileptic brain. (λex=537 nm, λem=675 nm).DCI-Br-3 can effectively cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) .
Homovanillyl alcohol is a biological metabolite of Hydroxytyrosol. Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic compound that is present in virgin olive oil (VOO) and wine. Homovanillyl alcohol protects red blood cells (RBCs) from oxidative injury and has protective effect on cardiovascular disease .
NCGC00262650 is a potent apical membrane antigen 1-rhoptry neck protein 2 (AMA1-RON2) interaction inhibitor. NCGC00262650 can block entry of merozoites into red blood cells .
Vari Fluor 555-Phalloidin is a fluorescent derivative of Phalloidin that specifically labels myofilament proteins and exhibits red fluorescence when labeled, allowing for fluorescence imaging using the PE channel (Ex/Em=550 nm/561 nm) .
3-Methoxyphenol is a phenolic compound that is biologically toxic. 3-Methoxyphenol is systemically absorbed, disrupts the function of the liver, kidneys, central nervous system, and redox processes, and increases levels of Hb, red blood cells, and white blood cells in the body.
2,6-Diiodo-BODIPY 493/503 is an F-Bodipy fluorescent dye with diiodo substitution at the (pyrrole) 2,6 position. 2,6-Diiodo-BODIPY 493/503 has a pyrrole iodine substituent that turns it red .
BODIPY 650/665 NHS ester is bright, far-red fluorescent dye that can be used to label the primary amines (R-NH2) of proteins, amine-modified oligonucleotides, and other amine-containing molecules . Ex / Em = 646 / 660 nm
Brazilin is a red dye precursor obtained from the heartwood of several species of tropical hardwoods. Brazilin inhibits the cells proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and induces autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Brazilin shows chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities .
Basic Blue 20 is a very convenient red-emitting DNA stains. Basic Blue 20 has relatively narrow excitation and emission spectra, with peaks at 633 and 677 nm, respectively. Basic Blue 20 also has a very high resistance to photobleaching .
R-Phycoerythrin is a phycobiliproteins could be isolated from Heterosiphonia japonica. R-Phycoerythrin is a potent fluorescent probe contains four chromophore-carrying subunits that exhibits extremely bright red-orange fluorescence. (λex=496 nm, λem=578 nm) .
DP 630/650 alkyne is a red fluorescent dye with λexcitation of 630 nM and λemission of 650 nM. The terminal alkyne group can be conjugated with various azides by copper catalyzed Click chemistry. BDP 630/650 alkyne can be used for fluorescence polarization assays .
RNA Aptamer Peach Ⅰ (sodium) has an exceptionally high affinity to TO3-Biotin (TO3-B, red channel, ex: 637 nm, em: 658 nm), and can be used to visualize RNA expression or localization in live cells.
RNA Aptamer Peach Ⅱ (sodium) has an exceptionally high affinity to TO3-Biotin (TO3-B, red channel, ex: 637 nm, em: 658 nm), and can be used to visualize RNA expression or localization in live cells.
Maltol-d3 is a deuterium labeled Maltol (HY-W012788). Maltol, a type of aromatic compound, exists in high concentrations in red ginseng. Maltol is a potent antioxidative agent and typically is used to enhance flavor and preserve food .
JF646-Hoechst is a fluorescent red DNA probe that is an ideal substitute for large oligonucleotide-coupled antibodies used in PAINT experiments, especially for bacterial studies. JF646-Hoechst excitation/emission maximum =655/670 nm .
Monascin is a kind of azaphilonoid pigments extracted from Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mold rice). Monascin also exhibits anti-tumor-initiating activity and anti-inflammatory activity with oral administration. Monascin inhibits the activation of NOR 1 (an NO donor) .
TFAX 594,SE is a red fluorescent dye and exhibits pH-insensitivity over a very broad range (pH in the 4-10). TFAX 594,SE yields exceptionally bright, photostable conjugates with proteins or antibodies (such as goat anti-mouse IgG) .
AF 594 NHS ester is a derivative of the red fluorescent dye AF 594 with high fluorescence quantum yield and high photostability (maximum absorption wavelength of 586 nm, maximum emission wavelength of 613 nm). AF 594 NHS ester can form an ester bond by reacting the NHS group with ammonia.
Gallein is a G protein βγ (Gβγ) subunit signalling inhibitor. Gallein disrupts the interaction of Gβγ subunits with the PI3Kγ. Anticancer agent . Gallein used as a red dye, an acid-base indicator and as a detection reagent for phosphates .
Velaresol (BW 12C) is a potent left-shifting anti-sickling compound in vitro . Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of the hemoglobin molecule. When hemoglobin molecules are exposed to a variety of environments, the red blood cell hemoglobin polymerizes, twists, and morphs into a sickle shape.
Maximin 45 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 41 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis (MIC: 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL). Maximin 45 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Tramiprosate (Homotaurine), an orally active and brain-penetrant natural amino acid found in various species of red marine algae. Tramiprosate binds to soluble Aβ and maintains Aβ in a non-fibrillar form. Tramiprosate is also a GABA analog and possess neuroprotection, anticonvulsion and antihypertension effects .
Ankaflavin, isolated from Monascus-Fermented red rice, is an orally active PPARγ agonist. Ankaflavin exhibits selective cytotoxic effect and induces cell death through apoptosis on cancer cells. Ankaflavin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antiatherosclerotic, and hypolipidemic effects .
κ-Carrageenan is a natural polymer which predominantly available in red seaweeds. κ-Carrageenan is an effective agent carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. κ-carrageenan serves as a potential inflammatory agent that magnifies existing intestinal inflammation .
BODIPY TR Cadaverine, a cadaverine derivative, is a red fluorescent dye. BODIPY TR Cadaverine can be used in a a highly sensitive and robust fluorescent displacement assay, which binds to native LPS strongly, specifically recognizing lipid A, and is competitively displaced by compounds displaying an affinity for lipid A .
Sulfo-CY-5.5 NHS ester (Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 NHS ester) tripotassium is an amine-reactive ester of sulfonated far-red Cyanine5.5 fluorophore, which can be used to label antibodies, proteins, etc., as well as for in vivo NIR imaging .
Maximin 78 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 78 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 37.5, 4.7, 37.5 μg/mL). Maximin 78 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
DSPE-PEG-Rhodamine, MW 5000 is a phospholipid polyPEG with red fluorescent. The polymer can form lipid bilayer and be used to prepare nanoparticles or liposomes for targeted drug delivery. Rhodamine has maximum absorption at 570 nm and emission around 595 nm and can be easily traced using an imaging technique.
DSPE-PEG-Rhodamine, MW 3400 is a phospholipid polyPEG with red fluorescent. The polymer can form lipid bilayer and be used to prepare nanoparticles or liposomes for targeted drug delivery. Rhodamine has maximum absorption at 570 nm and emission around 595 nm and can be easily traced using an imaging technique.
DSPE-PEG-Cy5, MW 2000 a red fluorophore polyPEG with lipid hydrophobic tails. The Cy5 fluorophore is commonly used in applications such as protein and nucleic acid labeling for imaging, flow cytometry, and genomic applications. The dye has an excitation peak at 651 nm and an emission peak at 670 nm.
Dorzolamide-d5 is the deuterium labeled Dorzolamide. Dorzolamide (L671152) is a potent carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.18 nM and 600 nM for red blood cell CA-II and CA-I respectively. Dorzolamide possesses anti-tumor activity[1][2].
o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline) monohydrate, a metal chelator, prevents the induction of chromosomal aberrations in streptozotocin-treated cells. o-Phenanthroline monohydrate forms a red chelate with Fe 2+ that absorbs maximally at 510 nm. o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline) monohydrate is also a MMP inhibitor .
Anti-α-Tubulin Antibody, AF555 conjugate is a conjugate of mouse anti-α-tubulin monoclonal antibody and the red fluorescent dye Alexa Fluor 555. Anti-α-Tubulin Antibody, AF555 conjugate can be used for the detection of tubulin (Ex/Em: 554/567 nm) .
ι-Carrageenan (Viscarin SD 309) is a biochemical reagent. ι-Carrageenan can be isolated from Eucheuma serra or red algae H. musciformis and S. filiformis. ι-Carrageenan has potential application in protein emulsion flocculation and stability .
Rubropunctamine is a redMonascus pigment. Not only Rubropunctamine exerts antibiotic action against bacteria but also against some yeast and filamentous fungi strains. Rubropunctamine has potential embryotoxicity and teratogenicity .
4'-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxychalcone is a natural chalcone derivatives in the red herbal resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis. 4'-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxychalcone displays a wide range of biological activities including antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antibacterial, antifungal activity .
TAMRA hydrazide (6-isomer) is a click chemistry reagent that can be coupled to carbonyl compounds. The dye hydrazide in TAMRA hydrazide (6-isomer) labels carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones. TAMRA in TAMRA hydrazide (6-isomer) is a xanthene red fluorophore that reacts with terminal alkynes .
Cyanine 5 Tyramide (Tyramide-Cy5) methyl indole is a red fluorescent dye. Cyanine 5 Tyramide is utilized as reporter fluorescent substrate for horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed deposition that is signal amplification technique in immunoassay and in situ hybridization of nucleic acids . Storage: protect from light.
Maximin H39 is an antimicrobial peptide. MaximinH39 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 9.4, 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin H39 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Dorzolamide (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dorzolamide (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dorzolamide (L671152) hydrochloride is a potent carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.18 nM and 600 nM for red blood cell CA-II and CA-I respectively. Dorzolamide possesses anti-tumor activity .
RNA Aptamer Corn (sodium) is a 28-nt-long aptamer that is substantially shorter than Spinach and Spinach2 and exhibits bright red fluorescence upon binding DFHO (a soluble analog of the intrinsic fluorophore of red fluorescent protein), RNA Aptamer Corn (sodium) can be used to visualize RNA expression or localization in live cells which have been soaked with chromophores. The Corn-DFHO does not become appreciably cytotoxic when illuminated. And most importantly, Corn-DFHO exhibits markedly increased photostability compared to other aptamer-chromophore complexes both in vitro and in vivo. (36 nt Corn construct: 5'-GGCGCGAGGAAGGAGGUCUGAGGAGGUCACUGCGCC-3'; A 36-nt RNA construct, comprised of the 28-nt minimal Corn sequence extended proximally with a 4 base-pair stem.)
Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism .
Nitrocefin is a chromogenic β-lactamase substrate that undergoes a distinctive color change from yellow to red as the amide bond in the β-lactam ring is hydrolyzed by β-lactamase. Nitrocefin is used in competitive inhibition studies in developmental work on β-lactamase-resistant antibiotics .
Cyanine3 carboxylic acid chloride is a non-toxic red fluorescent dye with good solubility in organic solvents. Cyanine3 carboxylic acid chloride can be used as a non-reactive fluorophore for experimental control and calibration. Cyanine3 carboxylic acid chloride can also be synthesized with targeted agents as fluorescent probes for rapid detection of agent reactions .
α-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase-Triosephosphate (GDH-TIM) is an enzyme mixture composed of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GDH) and triphosphate isomerase (TIM). α-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase-Triosephosphate can be used to determine the activity of transketolase (TK) in hemolytic substances of red blood cells to evaluate vitamin B deficiency .
PF-07059013 is an orally active and potent noncovalent modulator of sickled hemoglobin (HbS). PF-07059013 specifically binds to Hb with nanomolar affinity and displays strong partitioning into red blood cells (RBCs). PF-07059013 can be used for sickle cell disease (SCD) research .
5-HMSiR-Hoechst is a DNA probe. 5-HMSiR-Hoechst comprises Hoechst 33258 and spontaneously blinking far-red hydroxymethyl silicon-rhodamine (HMSiR). 5-HMSiR-Hoechst can stain living cells. Ex/Em=640 nm/675 nm .
Maximin 68 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 68 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis (MIC: 18.8, 9.4, 37.5, 9.4 μg/mL). Maximin 68 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
UNC9036 is a PROTAC-based STING degrader, with a DC50 of 227 nM. UNC9036-mediated STING degradation is proteasome and VHL dependent (Srtucture Note: Red, STING agonist diABZI (HY-112921A); Blue, VHL ligand VH032 (HY-120217); Black, linker) .
o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline), a metal chelator, prevents the induction of chromosomal aberrations in streptozotocin-treated cells. o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline) forms a red chelate with Fe 2+ that absorbs maximally at 510 nm. o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline) is also a MMP inhibitor .
DDAO is a promising near-infrared (NIR)red fluorescent probewith tunable excitation wavelength (600-650nm) and longemission wavelength(λem=656nm). DDAO can de desiged for detection of the activities of different enzymes such asβ-galactosidase,sulfatase, proteinphosphatase2A,carboxylesterase 2, humanalbumin andesterases .
Cyclo-(Pro-Gly) (Pyrrolopiperazine-2,5-dione), an alkaloid isolated from green algae Ulva prolifera, possesses antialgal activity against the common harmful red tide microalgae . Cyclo-(Pro-Gly) (Pyrrolopiperazine-2,5-dione) possesses antiamnesic effects and neuroprotective actions .
Janelia Fluor 646, SE (JF646, SE) is a red fluorescent dye can be used in cellular imaging . Janelia Fluor products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
4-Di-16-ASP is a green fluorescent membrane dye. 4-Di-16-ASP is a lipophilic aminostyryl probe with a broad emission spectrum (can be detected with green, orange or even red filters). It is commonly used for neuronal membrane tracing (it diffuses faster than DiO) .
Fascaplysin is an antimicrobial and cytotoxic red pigment, that can come from the marine sponge (Fascaplysinopsis sp.). Fascaplysin has been synthesized in seven steps from indole (65% yield). Fascaplysin can induces apoptosis and autophagy in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Fascaplysin shows anti-tumor activity .
Wright's stain is a hematologic stain that facilitates the differentiation of blood cell types. Wright's stain is classically a mixture of eosin (red) and methylene blue dyes. It is used primarily to stain peripheral blood smears, urine samples, and bone marrow aspirates. Wright's stain provides a manual or automated stain for bone marrow and peripheral blood smears .
Allophycocyanin (APC Dye) is a light-harvesting protein, containing strongly coupled dimers of chromophores. Allophycocyanin serve as a minimal system to examine photosynthetic energy transfer. Allophycocyanin strongly absorbs far-red light (FRL), and expresses during acclimation to low light, likely associates with chlorophyll a-containing photosystem I .
AF 594 azide is an azide derivative of the red fluorescent dye AF 594, which has high fluorescence quantum yield and high photostability (maximum absorption wavelength of 586 nm, maximum emission wavelength of 613 nm). AF 594 azide forms stable adducts by reaction of the azide group with alkynyl derivatives (terminal alkynes and cyclooctyne).
AF 594 carboxylic acid is a carboxyl derivative of the red fluorescent dye AF 594, which has high fluorescence quantum yield and high photostability (maximum absorption wavelength of 586 nm, maximum emission wavelength of 613 nm). AF 594 carboxylic acid can form stable covalent bonds through the reaction of carboxylic acid groups with molecules with amino groups.
SiR-Hoechst is a far-red fluorescent DNA probe being used widely for time-lapse imaging of living cells. SiR-Hoechst is minimally toxic at concentrations as high as 10-25 µM. SiR-Hoechst induces DNA damage responses and G2 arrest at concentrations well below 1 µM .
Stearic acid-PEG-Rhodamine, MW 5000 is a fatty acid containing PEG polymer which can self assemble in an aqueous solution to form micelles. The polymer can be used to prepare nanoparticles for drug encapsulation. The red dye rhodamine can be easily traced by fluorescence microscopy. Rhodamine has maximum absorption at 570 nm and emission around 595 nm.
Stearic acid-PEG-Rhodamine, MW 3400 is a fatty acid containing PEG polymer which can self assemble in an aqueous solution to form micelles. The polymer can be used to prepare nanoparticles for drug encapsulation. The red dye rhodamine can be easily traced by fluorescence microscopy. Rhodamine has maximum absorption at 570 nm and emission around 595 nm.
FR900098 is an antimalarial agent that inhibits 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) reductoisomerase. FR900098 has no significant acute toxicity or genotoxicity, and does not have the ability to cause chromosome breakage or heterogeneity. FR900098 has no effect on bone marrow red blood cells in NMRI mice .
Poloxamer 238 F88 is block polymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with average molecular mass of 11400. Poloxamer 238 F88 reduces the aggregation of red blood cells. Poloxamer 238 F88 forms thermoreversible hydrogel, that is utilized in food additives, drug delivery carriers in cosmetics, pharmaceutical ingredients and tissue engineering .
Poloxamer 338 F108 is block polymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with average molecular mass of 14600. Poloxamer 338 F108 reduces the aggregation of red blood cells, inhibits proliferation of human lymphocyte cell IIBR1. Poloxamer 338 F108 exhibits short-term and subchronic toxicity in rats .
Tramiprosate-d6 is the deuterium labeled Tramiprosate. Tramiprosate (Homotaurine), an orally active and brain-penetrant natural amino acid found in various species of red marine algae. Tramiprosate binds to soluble Aβ and maintains Aβ in a non-fibrillar form. Tramiprosate is also a GABA analog and possess neuroprotection, anticonvulsion and antihypertension effects[1][2][3].
Taribavirin is an orally active inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor, has activity against a wide range of viruses, especially the hepatitis C virus and influenza virus. Taribavirin, is a ribavirin proagent, is designed to concentrate within the liver to target HCV-infected hepatocytes while minimizing distribution within red blood cells (RBCs) and the development of hemolytic anemia .
Taribavirin hydrochloride is an orally active inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor, has activity against a wide range of viruses, especially the hepatitis C virus and influenza virus. Taribavirin hydrochloride is a Ribavirin proagent, is designed to concentrate within the liver to target HCV-infected hepatocytes while minimizing distribution within red blood cells (RBCs) and the development of hemolytic anemia .
Tamapin TFA is a venom peptide, targeting to small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (SK) channels. Tamapin TFA is a selctive blocker of SK2 (Potassium Channel). Tamapin TFA inhibits SK channel-mediated currents in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. Tamapin TFA can be isolated from the Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) .
Pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside (chloride) is a natural pigment abundantly present in red fruits and vegetables. Pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside (chloride) acts as a scavenger for reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species . Pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside (chloride) demonstrates inhibitory effects on enzymes involved in the production of ROS, RNS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines .
AF 594 azide (triethylamine) is an azide derivative of the red fluorescent dye AF 594, which has high fluorescence quantum yield and high photostability (maximum absorption wavelength of 586 nm, maximum emission wavelength of 613 nm). AF 594 azide (triethylamine) forms stable adducts by reaction of the azide group with alkynyl derivatives (terminal alkynes and cyclooctyne).
FR900098 sodium is an antimalarial agent that inhibits 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) reductoisomerase. FR900098 sodium has no significant acute toxicity or genotoxicity, and does not have the ability to cause chromosome breakage or heterogeneity. FR900098 sodium has no effect on bone marrow red blood cells in NMRI mice .
Cyanine5.5 amine (Cy 5.5 amine), a Cy5.5 Analogue, is a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye (Ex=648 nm, Em=710 nm). Cyanine5.5 amine can be used in the preparation of Cy5.5-labeled nanoparticles, which can be tracked and imaged with low fluorescence background using confocal microscopy .
BODIPY FL SSE is a potent fluorescent dye. BODIPY FL SSE is used to label the primary amines (R-NH2) of proteins, amine-modified oligonucleotides, and other amine-containing molecules. BODIPY FL SSE can reactive with primary amines on biomolecules to emit green fluorescence. (λex=502 nm, λem=511 nm) .
Peonidin chloride is an O-methylated anthocyanidin that functions as a primary plant pigment, endowing purplish-red hues to flowers such as the peony, from which it takes its name, as well as berries and vegetables. Peonidin chloride exhibits chemopreventive, as well as anti-inflammatory activities on cancer cells in vitro, blocking COX-2 expression and transformation in JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells.
Acid Yellow 36 (Metanil Yellow) is an azo dye and a pH indicator. Acid Yellow 36 changes its color from red at pH 1.2 to yellow at pH 2.3. Acid Yellow 36 is used in the leather, paper and textile industries. Acid Yellow 36 acts as a bifunctional inducer of specific isozymes of P-450 and cytosolic enzymes .
Erythrosin B sodium salt, is a synthetic azo dye commonly used as a food colorant and textile dye. It is a water-soluble compound that produces a bright red color and is often used to improve the appearance of products. Erythrosin B sodium salt is also used in the textile industry for dyeing wool, silk and leather. However, it has been linked to potentially negative health effects, such as allergic reactions and hyperactivity in children.
Pulcherriminic acid is a cyclic dipeptide antimicrobial agent with high affinity for Fe 3+, found mainly in Bacillus and yeast. Pulcherriminic acid chelates iron ions through a non-enzymatic reaction to form the extracellular red pigment pulcherrimin, which competes for iron nutrition and thus achieves an antibacterial effect. Pulcherriminic acid has great applications in food, agriculture and medical industries .
Thiofluor 623 (Compound 3) is a fluorescent turn-on probe that can be used for the selective sensing and bioimaging of thiols. Thiofluor 623 displays excellent immunity to interference from nitrogen and oxygen nucleophiles. Thiofluor 623 is essentially nonfluorescent in the absence of thiols, which cleave the probe and release the red-emissive donor-acceptor fluorophore (Ex=563 nm, Em=623 nm) .
Linoleic acid-d11 is the deuterium labeled Linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism [1][2].
Janelia Fluor® 646, Maleimide (JF646, Maleimide) is a red fluorescent dye that contains a maleimide group. JF646, Maleimide can be used in cellular imaging . Janelia Fluor® products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Linoleic Acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism [1][2].
Linoleic acid- 13C18 is the 13C labeled Linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism [1][2].
Linoleic acid- 13C1 is the 13C labeled Linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism [1][2].
BETA-1 is the first twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT)-aggregation-induced emission (AIE) integration molecule. BETA-1 emits cyan fluorescence in lipid droplets (LDs) and red fluorescence in mitochondria. BETA-1 can be used for the simultaneous and dual-color imaging of LDs and mitochondria in vivo and in vitro .
Linoleic Acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled Linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism .
PKH67 is a fluorescent cell binding dye with green fluorescence. PKH67 can stain the cell membrane and the Ex/Em is 490/502 nm. PKH67 is often used in combination with the non-specific red fluorescent dye PKH26 (Ex/Em=551/567 nm) to label cells, detect cell proliferation in vitro, and trace cells in vitro and in vivo .
Linoleic Acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled Linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism .
Maximin H2 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H2 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 20, 2, 4, 2 μg/ml, respectively .
Maximin H3 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H3 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 20, 10, 20, 5 μg/ml, respectively .
Maximin H4 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H4 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 12, 6, 12, 6 μg/ml, respectively .
Agar is a jelly like substance that contains agarose and agar gel. Agar can be isolated from the cell walls of red algae species such as Gelidium and Gracilaria (Ogonori). The gelation and melting of Agar is based on the hydrogen bridge (physical gels), so the gelation is reversible. Agar is widely used in food additives, plant tissue culture, microorganisms culture media, fingerprint recognition, and medical fields .
DRAQ5 is a novel cell permeant and far red-fluorescing DNA probe. DRAQ5 excites at a wavelength of 647 nm, close to the Ex, and produces a fluorescence spectrum extending from 665 nm out to beyond 780 nm wavelengths. DRAQ5 fluorescence reflects cellular DNA content. DRAQ5 can be used in combination with FITC and RPE-labelled antibodies, without the need for fluorescence compensation .
Maximin H1 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H1 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 9, 4.5, 9, 4.5 μg/ml, respectively .
Linoleic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Linoleic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism .
cis-MZ 1 hydrate is a negative control for BRD4-targeted PROTAC MZ 1 (HY-107425). cis-MZ 1 or MZ 1 is a combination of the von Hippel-Lindau ligand (red part in the structural formula) and the BRD4 ligand (blue part in the structural formula). The Kd of MZ 1 for BRD4 BD1/2 was 382 nM and 120 nM, respectively .
Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 alkyne, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye, is an alkyne modified Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 (Ex=67 8nm, Em=694 nm). Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 alkyne can react with azides for Click Chemistry labeling.
Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 azide tripotassium, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye, is an azide-functionalized Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 (Ex=678 nm, Em=694 nm). Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 azide tripotassium can react with alkynes for Click Chemistry labeling .
Cyanine5.5 alkyne chloride, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye, is an alkyne modified Cyanine5.5 (Ex=680 nm, Em=710 nm). Cyanine5.5 alkyne chloride can react with azides for Click Chemistry labeling .
Antibacterial agent 160 is a potent antibacterial agents. Antibacterial agent 160 can rapidly kill bacterial and inhibits bacterial biofilm formation. Antibacterial agent 160 affects the normal function of DNA and leads cell death .
o-Phenanthroline-d8 is the deuterium labeled o-Phenanthroline. o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline), a metal chelator, prevents the induction of chromosomal aberrations in streptozotocin-treated cells. o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline) forms a red chelate with Fe2+ that absorbs maximally at 510 nm. o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline) is also a MMP inhibitor[1][2].
Peldesine (BCX 34) is a potent, competitive, reversible and orally active purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) inhibitor with IC50s of 36 nM, 5 nM, and 32 nM for human, rat, and mouse red blood cell (RBC) PNP, respectively. Peldesine is also a T-cell proliferation inhibitor with an IC50 of 800 nM. Peldesine has the potential for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, psoriasis and HIV infection research .
Peldesine (BCX 34) dihydrochloride is a potent, competitive, reversible and orally active purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) inhibitor with IC50s of 36 nM, 5 nM, and 32 nM for human, rat, and mouse red blood cell (RBC) PNP, respectively. Peldesine dihydrochloride is also a T-cell proliferation inhibitor with an IC50 of 800 nM. Peldesine dihydrochloride has the potential for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, psoriasis and HIV infection research .
RhoNox-1 is a fluorescent probe for the specific detection of divalent iron ions, and when RhoNox-1 reacts with Fe 2+. RhoNox-1 can generate an irreversible orange (red) fluorescent product (Ex/Em：540/575 nm) . FeRhoNox-1 can enter the cell well, suitable for the detection of Fe 2+ in living cells, and tends to be localized in the Golgi apparatus .
Tilapia piscidin 3 is an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria (MIC: 2.44, 2.44, 9.78, 19.55, 0.61 μg/mL for V. vulnificus 204, V. alginolyticus, S. agalactiae 819, E. faecalis BCRC 10066, S. agalactiae BCRC 10787). Tilapia piscidin 3 has hemolytic activity in fish red blood cells .
AF 594 streptavidin is a bioconjugating agent. It consists of AF 594 and streptomycin, a streptomycin derivative of the red fluorescent dye AF 594. AF 594 has high fluorescence quantum yield and high photostability (maximum absorption wavelength 586 nm, maximum emission wavelength 613 nm). AF 594 streptavidin can be selectively conjugated to streptavidin-modified molecules via a streptomycin-modifying group for fluorescent labeling and spectroscopic analysis.
MS8709 (10), a potential anticancer therapeutic, is a first-in-class G9a/GLPPROTAC degrader. MS8709 (10) is based on G9a/GLP inhibitor UNC0642 and recruits the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) E3 ligase (Red: G9a/GLP inhibitor UNC0642; Blue: VHL ligand; Black: linker) .
(Z)-Oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine ((Z)-OPC) is an isomer of Oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (OPC). Oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine is an inhibitor of secreted Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), which is involved in the biosynthesis of proinflammatory lipid media. Oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine can be used to study inflammatory diseases. Oleyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine also modified the red blood membrane and was used to bind the oxygen-carrying liquid perfluorocarbons as an antivenom agent to reduce toxin-induced hemolysis .
BKN-1 is a bifunctional ligand that can not only track the formation of mtG4s (G-quadruplexes, four-stranded DNA structures containing Hoogsteen bonds) through far-red emission, but can also induce mitochondrial dysfunction. BKN-1 has anti-tumor activity and may cause mtDNA loss, damage mitochondrial integrity, reduce ATP levels, and trigger ROS imbalance, leading to apoptosis and autophagy .
Laflunimus (HR325) is an immunosuppressive agent and an analogue of the Leflunomide-active metabolite A77 1726. Laflunimus is an orally active inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Laflunimus suppresses immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion, with IC50 values of 2.5 and 2 µM for IgM and IgG, respectively. Laflunimus also is a prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase (PGHS) -1 and -2 inhibitor .
FM4-64 is a very lipophilic, water-soluble styrene dyes, can specifically bind to cell membranes and inner membrane organelles to produce fluorescence. FM4-64 is widely used in endocytic and exospic membrane structure markers.
Ginsenoside Rg5 is the main component of Red ginseng and IGF-1R agonist. Ginsenoside Rg5 compets for the binding site of IGF-1R and blocks the binding of IGF-1 to IGF-1R (IC50 about 90 nM). Ginsenoside Rg5 also inhibits the mRNA expression of COX-2 via suppression of the DNA binding activities of NF-κB p65.
Astaxanthin, the red dietary carotenoid, is an orally effective and potent antioxidant. Astaxanthin inhibits NF-κB and down-regulates VEGF in blood glucose. Astaxanthin exerts anti-cancer cell proliferation, increases apoptosis, impairs migration and invasion by activating PPARγ and reducing the expression of STAT3. Astaxanthin also has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity and can be used in studies of cancer, diabetic retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and in the coloring of animal feed .
Latrunculin A (LAT-A), found in the red sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica, is a G-actin polymerization inhibitor. Latrunculin A binds to actin monomers and inhibits polymerization of actin with Kds of 0.1, 0.4, 4.7 μM and 0.19 μM for ATP-actin, ADP-Pi-actin, ADP-actin and G-actin, respectively. Latrunculin A has effective anti-metastatic properties for cancer research. Latrunculin A blocks cell migration .
Janelia Fluor® 646 TFA (JF646 TFA), a red fluorogenic fluorescent dye, can be used in the synthesis of Janelia Fluor 646 HaloTag and SNAP-Tag ligands. JF646 TFA is used in live cell imaging experiments . Janelia Fluor® products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 amine consists of four sulfonate groups and has highly hydrophilic. Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 amine is an amine-containing fluorescent dye, the aliphatic primary amine group can be coupled with various electrophiles (activated esters, epoxides, etc). Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 amine can be used for the research of far red/NIR applications (such as in vivo imaging) and also can be used for enzymatic transamination labeling .
BODIPY TR methyl ester is a lipophilic GFP Counterstain. BODIPY TR methyl ester dye readily permeates cell membranes and localizes in endomembranous organelles but not localize strongly in plasma membranes. BODIPY TR methyl ester is an excellent red fluorescent vital dye (Ex=568 nm, Em=625 nm), can be used to reveal the location and shapes of cell nuclei, the shapes of cells within embryonic tissues, as well as the bound aries of organ-forming tissues within the whole embryo .
LC-1-40 is a PROTAC that selectively degrades NUDT1 (DC50=0.97 nM). LC-1-40 selectively inhibits MYCN-induced tumor growth in mouse models. LC-1-40 also induces nucleotide damage and apoptosis in MYCN-associated tumors. LC-1-40 can be used in cancer research . (Red: NUDT1 binder; Blue: CRBN ligand; Black: Linker).
Janelia Fluor 669, SE (JF669, SE), a red fluorescent dye, can be directly reacted with the available thiol-containing HaloTag ligand under mild conditions (DIEA, DMF) to afford a JF669HaloTag ligand in a single step (Ex = 669 nm; Em = 682 nm) . Janelia Fluor products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
DFAME is a red fluorophore (Ex=508 nm, Em=641 nm). Beetroot and Corn are dimeric fluorogenic RNA aptamers that can bind to DFAME to form Beetroot-DFAME (Kd=460nM) and Corn-DFAME (Kd= 3600nM). Beetroot-DFAME (Kd=460nM) and Corn-DFAME can be used to form RNA assemblies in living cells. Creating RNA assemblies can be used for the study of RNA Nanostructures. DNA/RNA Nanostructures would be useful in cell and gene therapy (CGT) research .
Carbol fuchsin is a histological stain used in microbiology to distinguish acid-fast bacteria from non-acid-fast bacteria. It is a mixture of basic fuchsin, phenol, and water and is commonly used in the Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique for the detection of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections. Carbol fuchsin stains the cell walls of acid-fast bacteria bright red, while other cells are unstained or slightly stained. This makes it easier to see and identify these microbes under a microscope. Carbol fuchsin is also used in veterinary medicine and phytopathology for similar purposes.
(E)-Ajoene is a oxygenated ajoene and organosulfur compound, which can be acquired via allicin decomposing. The polysulfides from garlic can be converted by human red blood cells into hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and allyl glutathione. (E)-Ajoene has been proved to show neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage. (E)-Ajoene is orally active to inhibit lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ajoene increases the number of cresyl violet-positive neurons and decreases the number of reactive gliosis in the CA1 region .
3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid (KDN) is a sialic acid. 3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid protects the oligo/(poly)sialyl chains from exosialidases at nonreducing terminal, and plays a role in egg activation of salmonid fish . 3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid is abundant in fetal cord red blood cells and malignant human ovarian cancer cells .
EA4, a derivative of quinone, is an inhibitor for both rPLA and cPLA. EA4 can inhibit rPLA2 with a Ki value of 130 μM. EA4 can be used for the research of hemostasis, thrombosis, and erythropoiesis .
Propidium Iodide (PI) is a nuclear staining agent that stains DNA. Propidium Iodide is an analogue of ethidine bromide that emits red fluorescence upon embedding in double-stranded DNA. Propidium Iodide cannot pass through living cell membranes, but it can pass through damaged cell membranes to stain the nucleus. Propidium Iodide has a fluorescence wavelength of 493/617 nm and a wavelength of 536/635 nm after Mosaic with DNA. Propidium Iodide is commonly used in the detection of apoptosis (apoptosis) or necrosis (necrosis), and is often used in flow cytometry analysis.
Ginsenoside F4 (GF4), ginseng saponinis, isolated from notoginseng or red ginseng. Ginsenoside F4 (GF4) has inhibitory effect on human lymphocytoma JK cell by inducing its apoptosis .
Ginsenoside F4 (GF4) inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP 13) expression in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes and blocks cartilage breakdown in rabbit cartilage tissue culture, shows therapeutic potential for preventing cartilage collagen matrix breakdown in diseased tissues .
Rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC) is a fluorescent dye commonly used in biological imaging and labeling applications. It has an isothiocyanate functional group that can be covalently attached to amino groups on proteins and other biomolecules, making it useful for fluorescent labeling of cells and tissues. RBITC fluoresces bright orange-red under green light excitation, which makes it easy to detect and track labeled molecules in complex samples. Due to its stability and sensitivity, RBITC has been widely used in various research fields, including cell biology, immunology, and neurobiology.
SMCy5.5 is an SMCy dye used for lipid droplet labeling with a very high two-photon absorption cross-section. SMCy, unlike the well-known lipid droplet marker Nile Red, has narrow absorption and emission bands in visible light, allowing for multicolor imaging. SMCy is shown to be compatible with fixation, producing high-quality 3D images of lipid droplets in cells and tissues. The high brightness of SMCy5.5 enables efficient tracking and imaging of lipid droplet exchange between adipocytes .
Stearidonic acid (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z-Octadecatetraenoic acid) is an intermediate fatty acid in the biosynthetic pathway from α-linolenic acid to VLC ω-3 PUFA. The conversion efficiency of stearidonic acid is higher than that of alpha-linolenic acid. Increasing the intake of stearidonic acid can increase the content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in red blood cells. Stearidonic acid can also be isolated from methanolic extracts of the brown alga Brachyphyllum gracilis .
CBPD-409 is an orally active PROTAC degrader for CBP/p300, with DC50 of 0.2–0.4 nM. CBPD-409 exhibits antiproliferative effects in AR+ prostate cancer cell lines VCaP, LNCaP and 22Rv1, with IC50s of 1.2–2.0 nM. CBPD-409 exhibits antitumor efficacy (Red: CBP inhibitor GNE049 (HY-108435); Blue: CRBN/cullin 4A Thalidomide (HY-14658); Black: Linker) .
Dihydroethidium, also known as DHE, is a peroxide indicator. Dihydroethidium penetrates cell membranes to form a fluorescent protein complex with blue fluoresces. After entering the cells, Dihydroethidium is mainly localized in the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus, and the staining effect is the strongest in the nucleus. Dihydroethidium produces inherent blue fluorescence with a maximum excitation wavelength of 370 nm and a maximum emission wavelength of 420 nm; after dehydrogenation, Dihydroethidium combines with RNA or DNA to produce red fluorescence with a maximum excitation wavelength of 300 nm and a maximum emission wavelength of 610 nm. 535 nm can also be used as the excitation wavelength for actual observation .
Janelia Fluor 646, Tetrazine (JF646, Tetrazine) a red fluorescent dye that contains a tetrazine group. JF646, Tetrazine can be used in cellular imaging . Janelia Fluor products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Janelia Fluor? 646, Tetrazine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Cy5 Tetrazine is a water-soluble, pH-insensitive from pH 4 to pH 10, far-red-fluorescent probe with excitation ideally suited for the 633 nm or 647 nm laser lines. Its absorption and emission spactra are almost identical to those of Alexa Fluor 647, CF 647 Dye, or any other Cyanine5 based fluorescent dyes. Sulfo-Cy5-tetrazine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
2,3-Diphospho-D-glyceric acid pentasodium salt is a highly anionic polyphosphorus compound. 2,3-Diphospho-D-glyceric acid is present in the concave center of red blood cells, it binds hemoglobin to reduce its oxygen affinity. 2,3-Diphospho-D-glyceric acid is an endogenous, selective inhibitor of vascular calcification (VC) and significantly delays the formation of crystalline calpain particles (CPP). 2,3-Diphospho-D-glyceric acid also inhibits calcification in mouse vascular smooth muscle cell line (MOVAS) without cytotoxic effects .
DT2216 is a potent and selective BCL-XL (Bcl-2 family member) degrader based on PROTAC technology. DT2216 causes effective degradation of BCL-XL protein by recruiting Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) E3 ubiquitin ligase. DT2216 inhibits various BCL-XL-dependent leukemia and cancer cells but considerably less toxic to platelets. DT2216 is composed of the Bcl-2 family protein inhibitor Navitoclax (HY-10087), a linker, and a VHL E3 ubiquitin ligase (Red: Navitoclax; Blue: VHL ligand; Black: linker) .
JC-1 (CBIC2) is an ideal fluorescent probe widely used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential. JC-1 accumulates in mitochondria in a potential dependent manner and can be used to detect the membrane potential of cells, tissues or purified mitochondria. In normal mitochondria, JC-1 aggregates in the mitochondrial matrix to form a polymer, which emits strong red fluorescence (Ex=585nm, Em=590nm); When the mitochondrial membrane potential is low, JC-1 cannot aggregate in the matrix of mitochondria and produce green fluorescence (ex=514nm, em=529nm) .
Acridine Orange base is a cell-permeable fluorescent dye that stains organisms (bacteria, parasites, viruses, etc.) bright orange and, when used under appropriate conditions (pH=3.5, Ex=460 nm), distinguishes human cells in green for detection by fluorescence microscopy. Acridine Orange base fluoresces green when bound to dsDNA (Ex=488, Em=520-524) and red when bound to ssDNA (Ex=457, Em=630-644) or ssRNA (Ex=457, Em=630-644), also can be used in cell cycle assays .
Deferiprone is a potent, orally active, brain-penetrant, cell-penetrant, skin-permeable, free iron chelating agent. Deferiprone inhibits the proliferation and migration, and stimulates apoptosis in tumor cell. Deferiprone has antianemic, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidotal activity. Deferiprone can be used in cancer, cardiovascular disease, infection, inflammation, and neurological disease study .
Ethidium homodimer (EthD-1) is a high-affinity fluorescent nucleic acid dye commonly used to stain mammals, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Ethidium homodimer binds to DNA or RNA, enhancing fluorescence more than 30 times. The Ethidium homodimer has a strong positive charge, so it cannot cross cell membranes and stain living cells; But the Ethidium homodimer can cross the disordered region of the dead cell membrane to reach the nucleus and embed the DNA double strand to produce red fluorescence. Therefore, Ethidium homodimer is a relatively sensitive nucleic acid stain that can accurately detect nucleic acids in solution or in decomposing cells. Ethidium homodimer binds DNA, Ex/Em=528/617 nm .
Janelia Fluor 646, Azide (JF646, Azide) is a red fluorogenic fluorescent dye containing a click chemistry group Azide. Janelia Fluor 646, Azide can be used for live-cell imaging experiments . Janelia Fluor products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Janelia Fluor? 646, Azide is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Pinolenic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid found in the seed oils of red pine (Pinus orientalis) and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster). Both oils were found to have lipid-lowering properties. A diet containing marine pine nut oil (MPSO) reduces HDL and ApoA1 levels in transgenic mice expressing human ApoA1. MPSO was found to reduce cholesterol efflux in vitro. Korean pine nut oil supplements may help obesity by reducing appetite. People who take this oil experience an increase in the satiety hormones CCK and GLP-1 and a decrease in appetite. The activity of the oil is attributed to pinolenic acid. Pinolenic acid is not metabolized to arachidonic acid and can reduce the level of arachidonic acid in the phosphatidylinositol fraction of HepG2 cells from 15.9% to 7.0%. Pinolenic acid ethyl ester is a neutral, more lipophilic form of the free acid.
Lds-751 is a nucleic acid stain that mainly detects DNA. Lds-751 is a nucleic acid stain that mainly detects DNA. Lds-751 has a high affinity for DNA and fluorescence is enhanced after binding, but the maximum emission wavelength is 670nm. Lds-751 and Thiazole orange can be used for the differentiation of red blood cells, platelets, reticulocytes, and nucleated cells and can be stimulated at 488nm. Studies have shown that LDS-751 binds almost exclusively to mitochondria when incubated with nucleated living cells. After nucleated Acridine Orange (HY-101879) staining and LDS-751 treatment of cells, confocal microscopy revealed almost no co-location of the cells. Staining with Rhodamine 123 (HY-D0816), a dye known to bind polarized mitochondria, was almost identical to the pattern observed with LDS-751 .
NX-5948 (BTK-IN-24) is an orally active chimeric targeting molecule (CTM) that induces specific BTK protein degradation by the cereblon E3 ligase (CRBN) complex without degradation of other cereblon neo-substrates. NX-5948 mediates potent anti-inflammatory activity via BTK degradation with resultant inhibition of B cell activation. NX-5948 exhibits potent tumor growth inhibition in TMD8 xenograft models that contain either wild-type BTK or BTKi-resistant mutations. NX-5948 is efficacious in a mouse collageninduced arthritis (CIA) model. NX-5948 can cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). NX-5948 is a PROTAC composed of the ligand for target protein, a linker, and a cereblon E3 ligase (CRBN) complex (Red: ligand for target protein; Blue: CRBN; Black: linker) .
TRFS-red, a red fluorescence emission off-on probe, is selective for thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). TRFS-red exhibits high response rate and sensitivity. TRFS-red can be used for imaging live cells .
Ponceau S (Acid Red 112) is a non-specific protein dye commonly used as a stain for Western blot. Ponceau S is used in an acidic aqueous solution that is compatible with antibody-antigen binding and dyes the proteins on the membrane red .
RB-OPD (NO-red) is a o-phenylenediamine (OPD)-locked rhodamine nitric oxide (NO) fluorescent probe with great sensitivity and selectivity (λex=550 nm, λem=590 nm) .
FM-red (PSH-red) is a red-emitting and environment-sensitive probe for selectively detecting and labeling protein thiols. FM-red can be used to image protein sulfhydryl groups in live cells and in vivo. FM-red also could be used to measure of the redox states of thioredoxin (Trx) .
Neutral Red, a nitrogenous pH-indicator with a pKi of 6.8, is an indicator for the internal acidification of thylakoids. Neutral Red stains lysosomes red .
MitoSOX Red is a live cell fluorescent probe that specifically targets mitochondria and is cell membrane permeable. MitoSOX Red enters mitochondria and is oxidized by superoxide but not by other ROS or RNS generating systems. The oxidized MitoSOX Red then binds to nucleic acids in mitochondria/nucleus, producing strong red fluorescence. MitoSOX Red can be used as a fluorescent indicator to specifically detect superoxide. In addition, superoxide dismutase (SOD) can prevent the oxidation of MitoSOX Red. Excitation/emission wavelength: 510/580 nm.
Direct Red 81 is a diazo dye with a very high water solubility. The dye adsorption efficiency of Direct Red 81 is increased by increasing the adsorbent dose and adsorption time .
Glycine cresol red is a complexometric indicator. Glycine cresol red forms coloured complexes with Al 3+, Ga 3+ and In 3+ ions in aqueous solutions. Glycine cresol red can been used for the spectrophotometric determination of inorganic ions. Glycine cresol red can be used as a stain in neurohistology .
Nuclear Fast Red, an anthraquinone dye, is commonly used in conjunction with an excess of aluminum ions as a red nuclear counterstain. Nuclear fast red has been used as a histochemical and colorimetric reagent for calcium . Nuclear fast red as highly sensitive "off/on" fluorescent probe for detecting guanine .
Oil Red O is a fat-soluble diazol dye, with a maximum absorption at 518 nm. Oil Red O stains neutral lipids and cholesteryl esters but not biological membranes. Oil Red O can be used for detecting and quantifying hepatic steatosis in mouse liver biopsies. Oil Red O staining efficiently helps to visualize the radical changes that occur in tissues as metabolic disease occurs and progresses .
LysoTracker Red is a Red fluorescently labeled lysosomal probe with a maximum excitation/emission wavelength of 577/590 nm. The structure is composed of a fluorescein group and linked weak bases, which can freely cross the cell membrane and gather on spherical organelles. It is suitable for observing the internal biosynthesis and related pathogenesis of lysosomes .
Texas red-X 4-succinimidyl ester is a derivative of Texas Red (HY-101878), an amphoteric rhodamine red fluorescent dye. Texas Red is widely used to study neuronal morphology and as a cell type-selective fluorescent marker for astrocytes, both in vivo and in slice preparations.
Fura Red AM is a fluorescent probe, used for visualisation of cytosolic [Ca(2+)] distribution in living plant tissue. Fura Red AM works under the excitation wavelength of 488 nm .
ATP-Red 1 is a multisite-binding switchable fluorescent probe, and can selectively and rapidly responds to intracellular concentrations of ATP in living cells.
Allura Red AC, a food colourant, is dark red and water-soluble powder or granules used in various applications, such as in drinks, syrups, sweets and cereals. Allura Red AC has the ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA through static quenching .
Trx-red (NBL-SS perchlorate) is a red-emitting fluorescent probe derivatized from the nile blue fluorophore. Trx-red is used for selectively imaging thioredoxin (Trx) in live cells and in vivo (λex=615 nm, λem=661 nm) .
Fast Red Violet LB is a dye for staining tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Fast Red Violet LB can be used for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity staining .
Ruthenium red (Ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride) is a polycationic dye widely used for electron microscopy (EM) of cells, tissues and vegetative bacteria. Ruthenium red strongly reacts with phospholipids and fatty acids and binds to acidic mucopolysaccharides. Ruthenium red is a L-type calcium current (ICa) blocker .
Fluorescent Red Mega 480 is a dye that is specifically designed for multicolor techniques. Fluorescent Red Mega 480 is characterized by an extremely large stoke′s shift between excitation and emission maxima .
Nile red (Nile blue oxazone) is a lipophilic stain. Nile red has environment-sensitive fluorescence. Nile red is intensely fluorescent in a lipid-rich environment while it has minimal fluorescence in aqueous media. Nile red is an excellent vital stain for the detection of intracellular lipid droplets by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytof uorometry. Nile red stains intracellular lipid droplets red. The fluorescence wavelength is 559/635 nm .
Phenol red (Phenolsulfonephthalein) sodium salt is a pH indicator dye, relying on a distinct color change from pink to yellow in case of a positive reaction .
Texas Red (Sulforhodamine 101) is an amphoteric rhodamine red fluorescent dye (excitation/emission: 586/605 nm). Texas Red is used extensively for investigating neuronal morphology and acts as acell type-selective fluorescent marker of astrocytes bothin vivoand in slice preparations .
Chlorophenol red-β-D-galactopyranoside is a long-wavelength dye, which has been widely used for colorimetric assays. Chlorophenol red-β-D-galactopyranoside is also a β-galactosidase substrate commonly used in recombinant yeast oestrogenic assays .
Ponceau 4R (85%)(Acid Red 18 (85%); New Coccine (85%))is a synthetic colourant that may be used as a food colouring. Ponceau 4R (85%)is a strawberry red azo dye which can be used in a variety of food products, and is usually synthesized fromaromatic hydrocarbons; it is stable to light, heat, and acid but fades in the presence of ascorbic acid .
Neutral Red (IND) is an organic dye commonly used in biology and cytology laboratories. It can be used to stain living cells, secreted proteins and other molecular structures, etc., and has a wide range of applications in cell imaging and staining. In addition, Neutral Red (IND) is widely used in industrial fields such as water treatment, food processing and paper manufacturing, for example as an indicator or colorant. Although the compound has no direct medical application, it has important application value in the fields of biology, chemistry and industry.
Ponceau 4R is a synthetic colorant that can be used for food coloring. Ponceau 4R is a strawberry red azo dye that can be used in a variety of foods, usually synthesized from aromatic hydrocarbons, and is stable to light, heat, and acids .
Cy7 tyramide, a red fluorescent dye, is utilized as reporter fluorescent substrate for horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed deposition that is signal amplification technique in immunoassay and in situ hybridization of nucleic acids.
Both Ponceau S and Ponceau BS are synthetic dyes commonly used in biological research. They are commonly used as protein stains to visualize proteins in western blots and other protein detection analyses. Ponceau S is a red dye, while Ponceau BS is a blue shade of the same dye. Both dyes bind to positively charged amino acid residues in proteins for easy visualization. However, Ponceau S is more commonly used due to its higher sensitivity.
The Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened vesicles superimposed on each other by unit membranes. The flattened vesicles are round with expanded and perforated edges. The Golgi fluorescent probe is a BODIPY-labeled ceramide derivative, the synthesis of which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and can then be transported to the Golgi via ceramide transport protein (CERT) or vesicular translocation, allowing specific labeling of the dye. BODIPY TR Ceramide (Golgi-Red Tracke) is a Golgi-specific fluorescent dye, which can visualise individual cells . Ex/Em=589 nm/616 nm.
5(6)-Carboxynaphthofluorescein diacetate is a fluorescent substrate for esterase assays that can be cleaved by intracellular esterases, producing red fluorescence to measure enzyme activity (Ex = 590 nm; Em = 645 nm) .
Sulforhodamine B sodium salt is a fluorescent dye with uses spanning from laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) to the quantification of cellular proteins of cultured cells.
Sudan I (Solvent Yellow 14) is a diazo-conjugate red dye and can be used as an additive to products such as oils, solvents or polishes. Sudan I inhibits growth of bacterial strains Clostridium perfringens and L. rhamnosus .
5-Cyano-2,3-di-(p-tolyl)tetrazolium chloride (CTC) is a redox-sensitive red fluorescent dye. 5-Cyano-2,3-di-(p-tolyl)tetrazolium chloride can be used for detecting metabolic activity in microorganisms. The emission maximum of 5-Cyano-2,3-di-(p-tolyl)tetrazolium chloride is 602 nm .
Cy5-DBCO (DBCO-Sulfo-Cy5) is a near-infrared (NIR)red fluorescent dye with λabsand λem of 646nm and 670 nm, respectively. Cy5-DBCO (DBCO-Sulfo-Cy5) is not suitable for staining intracellular components of permeabilezed cell, it may exhibits a high background. Cy5-DBCO is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a DBCO group that can undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing Azide groups.
ReAsH-EDT2 is a red fluorescent dye that marks proteins. ReAsH-EDT2 is a membrane-permeable biarsenical compound that binds covalently to tetracysteine sequences which allows the protein to be imaged. ReAsH-EDT2 can be used for protein localization and trafficking. (λex=530 nm, λem=592 nm) .
Cyanine 3.5 (Cy3.5 NHS ester) chloride is an analog of Cy3.5 fluorophore. Cyanine 3.5 chloride is a reactive, red fluorescent dye. Cyanine 3.5 chloride is used for labeling of amino-groups in peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides. (λex=591 nm, λem=604 nm) .
Janelia Fluor® 635, SE (JF635, SE) is a red fluorogenic fluorescent dye containing an NHS ester that can be conjugated with primary amine groups. JF635, SE can be used for live cell imaging . Janelia Fluor® products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Naphthoresorcinol (1,3-Dihydroxynaphthalene) is a fluorescent dye (λex=330 nm, λem=380 nm) that can react with the NPPD (a tracer) and concentrated HCl and develop a red color. Naphthoresorcinol could be used as a background electrolyte (BGE) to determine the carbohydrates .
Rhodamine dyes are membrane-permeable cationic fluorescent probes that specifically recognize mitochondrial membrane potentials, thereby attaching to mitochondria and producing bright fluorescence, and at certain concentrations, rhodamine dyes have low toxicity to cells, so they are commonly used to detect mitochondria in animal cells, plant cells, and microorganisms .
BODIPY TR-X (BODIPY TR-X NHS Ester) is a potent fluorescent dye. BODIPY TR-X can be used to label the primary amines (R-NH2) of proteins, amine-modified oligonucleotides, and other amine-containing molecules. BODIPY TR-X binds to protein or antibody and has bright, red fluorescent light. (λex=545 nm, λem=560 nm) .
4',5'-Dibromofluorescein (Eosinic acid) is a fluorescein derivative that can used as a ligand for studying of protein properties by spectral analysis .
ER-Tracker dye is a derivative of BODIPY series dyes coupled with Glibenclamide (HY-15206), highly selective binding to the endoplasmic reticulum, non-toxic to cells at low concentrations, this type of dye is an environmentally sensitive probe, and formaldehyde treatment can still retain part of the fluorescence, with high fluorescence life, good extinction coefficient and other characteristics. Glibenclamide is an atp-dependent K + channel blocker (Kir6, KATP) and CFTR Cl-channel blocker that binds in the endoplasmic reticulum. ER-Tracker is not suitable for staining cells after fixation. Ex/Em=587/615 nm .
BDP 630/650 carboxylic acid is a bright far-red fluorophore based on a borondipyrromethene scaffold. BDP 630/650 carboxylic acid is a BDP linker containing carboxylic acid. BDP 630/650 carboxylic acid can react with primary amine groups to form a stable amide bond. (λex=630 nm, λem=650 nm) .
TRITC-DHPE is a rhodamine-labeled glycerophosphate ethanolamine lipid, with head groups marked with bright red fluorescent TRITC dye (λEx/λEm=514/580 nm). TRITC-DHPE can be used for membrane fusion assay to trace lipid processing in intracellular phagocytosis. TRITC-DHPE can serves as an energy transfer receptor for NBD, BODIPY and fluorescein lipid probes .
Dabcyl acid sodium (DABCYL sodium) is a nonfluorescent chromophore and a quencher. Dabcyl acid sodium can be used as molecular beacon nucleic acid probes to recognize and report the presence of specific nucleic acids in homogeneous solutions .
PKH 26 is a red fluorescent dye, PKH 26 can stably bind to the lipid region of cell membrane and emit red fluorescence (Ex/Em=551/567 nm), which is mainly used for in vitro cell labeling, in vitro cell proliferation studies and in vivo and in vitro cell tracing studies .
Vari Fluor 680-Phalloidin is a fluorescent derivative of Phalloidin that specifically labels myofilament proteins and exhibits red fluorescence when labeled at 680/700 nm .
Vari Fluor 633-Phalloidin is a fluorescent derivative of Phalloidin that specifically labels myofilament proteins and exhibits red fluorescence at 630/650 nm when labeled .
Vari Fluor 594-Phalloidin is a fluorescent derivative of Phalloidin that specifically labels myofilament proteins and exhibits red fluorescence at 585/609 nm when labeled .
INSA is a a pH-sensitive fluorescent probe. INSA can simultaneously light up mitochondria (red emission) and lysosomes (green emission) for their internal pH differences .
YOYO-3 is a cell-impermeant dye with far-red fluorescence used as nulear counterstain and dead cell indicator. It generates bright fluorescence upon binding to DNA.
Phalloidin-TRITC is a fluorescein derivative of Phalloidin, which can specifically label myof lin and display red fluorescence when labeled and can be observed using Tesred channels .
5-TAMRA (5-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine), SE and its conjugates yield bright, pH-insensitive orange-red fluorescence (approximate excitation/emission maxima ~546/579) with good photostability.
5-TAMRA-SE is an amine-reactive fluorescent agent, its conjugates yield bright, pH-insensitive orange-red fluorescence (approximate excitation/emission maxima ~546/579) with good photostability.
K114, a fluorescent Congo Red analogue, binds tightly to amyloid fibrils with an EC50 of 20-30 nM . K114 is an efficient detector of semen-derived enhancer of virus infection (SEVI) .
Sulfo-Cy5 carboxylic acid is a Cy5 derivative that can be used for chemical synthesis. Cy5 is a red fluorescent label dye for imaging (Ex/Em=642/670 nm) .
Sulfo-Cy5 carboxylic acid TEA is a Cy5 derivative that can be used for chemical synthesis. Cy5 is a red fluorescent label dye for imaging (Ex/Em=642/670 nm) .
Chromoionophore XIII (SNARF-DE) is a pH senor that enables excitation with red light. Chromoionophore XIII functionality renders the indicator molecule lipophilic and water-insoluble but also prevents lactonization of the dye in an apolar environment .
Cyanine 5 Tyramide (Tyramide-Cy5), a red fluorescent dye, is utilized as reporter fluorescent substrate for horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalyzed deposition that is signal amplification technique in immunoassay and in situ hybridization of nucleic acids .
5-Br-PAPS is a highly specific Zn 2+ metallochromic indicator. 5-Br-PAPS is used in assays for measuring free Zn 2+ by forming a deeply colored red Zn 2+ complex .
AF647-NHS ester (tripotassium) is an analogue of Alexa Fluor 647 (AF647) (HY-D1119). AF647 is a bright, far-red fluorescent dye . Storage: protect from light
AF647-NHS ester (trisodium) is an analogue of Alexa Fluor 647 (AF647) (HY-D1119). AF647 is a bright, far-red fluorescent dye . Storage: protect from light
Thymol Blue sodium is an acid-base indicator used to indicate changes in pH. Thymol Blue sodium fades from red to yellow at pH 1.2 to 2.8 and from yellow to blue at pH 8.0 to 9.6 .
AF 555 NHS ester is a bright, orange-red fluorescence probe. AF 555 NHS ester can be used to label primary amines (R-NH2) of proteins, amine-modified oligonucleotides, and other amine-containing molecules .
PerCP Maleimide is a fluorescent dye that reacts with free sulfhydryl groups on proteins. PerCP is a red fluorescence albuminous dye for immunostaining and Maleimide can be leveraged for the preparation of fluorogenic probe, which is mainly used for the specific detection of thiol analytes .
DCI-Br-3 is a rapid, highly sensitive, and selective probe to monitor thiols in the epileptic brain. (λex=537 nm, λem=675 nm).DCI-Br-3 can effectively cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) .
Vari Fluor 555-Phalloidin is a fluorescent derivative of Phalloidin that specifically labels myofilament proteins and exhibits red fluorescence when labeled, allowing for fluorescence imaging using the PE channel (Ex/Em=550 nm/561 nm) .
2,6-Diiodo-BODIPY 493/503 is an F-Bodipy fluorescent dye with diiodo substitution at the (pyrrole) 2,6 position. 2,6-Diiodo-BODIPY 493/503 has a pyrrole iodine substituent that turns it red .
BODIPY 650/665 NHS ester is bright, far-red fluorescent dye that can be used to label the primary amines (R-NH2) of proteins, amine-modified oligonucleotides, and other amine-containing molecules . Ex / Em = 646 / 660 nm
R-Phycoerythrin is a phycobiliproteins could be isolated from Heterosiphonia japonica. R-Phycoerythrin is a potent fluorescent probe contains four chromophore-carrying subunits that exhibits extremely bright red-orange fluorescence. (λex=496 nm, λem=578 nm) .
JF646-Hoechst is a fluorescent red DNA probe that is an ideal substitute for large oligonucleotide-coupled antibodies used in PAINT experiments, especially for bacterial studies. JF646-Hoechst excitation/emission maximum =655/670 nm .
TFAX 594,SE is a red fluorescent dye and exhibits pH-insensitivity over a very broad range (pH in the 4-10). TFAX 594,SE yields exceptionally bright, photostable conjugates with proteins or antibodies (such as goat anti-mouse IgG) .
AF 594 NHS ester is a derivative of the red fluorescent dye AF 594 with high fluorescence quantum yield and high photostability (maximum absorption wavelength of 586 nm, maximum emission wavelength of 613 nm). AF 594 NHS ester can form an ester bond by reacting the NHS group with ammonia.
Thymol Blue sodium is an acid-base indicator used to indicate changes in pH. Thymol Blue sodium fades from red to yellow at pH 1.2 to 2.8 and from yellow to blue at pH 8.0 to 9.6 . Storage: protect from light.
BODIPY TR Cadaverine, a cadaverine derivative, is a red fluorescent dye. BODIPY TR Cadaverine can be used in a a highly sensitive and robust fluorescent displacement assay, which binds to native LPS strongly, specifically recognizing lipid A, and is competitively displaced by compounds displaying an affinity for lipid A .
Sulfo-CY-5.5 NHS ester (Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 NHS ester) tripotassium is an amine-reactive ester of sulfonated far-red Cyanine5.5 fluorophore, which can be used to label antibodies, proteins, etc., as well as for in vivo NIR imaging .
TAMRA hydrazide (6-isomer) is a click chemistry reagent that can be coupled to carbonyl compounds. The dye hydrazide in TAMRA hydrazide (6-isomer) labels carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones. TAMRA in TAMRA hydrazide (6-isomer) is a xanthene red fluorophore that reacts with terminal alkynes .
Cyanine3 carboxylic acid chloride is a non-toxic red fluorescent dye with good solubility in organic solvents. Cyanine3 carboxylic acid chloride can be used as a non-reactive fluorophore for experimental control and calibration. Cyanine3 carboxylic acid chloride can also be synthesized with targeted agents as fluorescent probes for rapid detection of agent reactions .
5-HMSiR-Hoechst is a DNA probe. 5-HMSiR-Hoechst comprises Hoechst 33258 and spontaneously blinking far-red hydroxymethyl silicon-rhodamine (HMSiR). 5-HMSiR-Hoechst can stain living cells. Ex/Em=640 nm/675 nm .
DDAO is a promising near-infrared (NIR)red fluorescent probewith tunable excitation wavelength (600-650nm) and longemission wavelength(λem=656nm). DDAO can de desiged for detection of the activities of different enzymes such asβ-galactosidase,sulfatase, proteinphosphatase2A,carboxylesterase 2, humanalbumin andesterases .
Janelia Fluor 646, SE (JF646, SE) is a red fluorescent dye can be used in cellular imaging . Janelia Fluor products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
4-Di-16-ASP is a green fluorescent membrane dye. 4-Di-16-ASP is a lipophilic aminostyryl probe with a broad emission spectrum (can be detected with green, orange or even red filters). It is commonly used for neuronal membrane tracing (it diffuses faster than DiO) .
Wright's stain is a hematologic stain that facilitates the differentiation of blood cell types. Wright's stain is classically a mixture of eosin (red) and methylene blue dyes. It is used primarily to stain peripheral blood smears, urine samples, and bone marrow aspirates. Wright's stain provides a manual or automated stain for bone marrow and peripheral blood smears .
Allophycocyanin (APC Dye) is a light-harvesting protein, containing strongly coupled dimers of chromophores. Allophycocyanin serve as a minimal system to examine photosynthetic energy transfer. Allophycocyanin strongly absorbs far-red light (FRL), and expresses during acclimation to low light, likely associates with chlorophyll a-containing photosystem I .
AF 594 azide is an azide derivative of the red fluorescent dye AF 594, which has high fluorescence quantum yield and high photostability (maximum absorption wavelength of 586 nm, maximum emission wavelength of 613 nm). AF 594 azide forms stable adducts by reaction of the azide group with alkynyl derivatives (terminal alkynes and cyclooctyne).
AF 594 carboxylic acid is a carboxyl derivative of the red fluorescent dye AF 594, which has high fluorescence quantum yield and high photostability (maximum absorption wavelength of 586 nm, maximum emission wavelength of 613 nm). AF 594 carboxylic acid can form stable covalent bonds through the reaction of carboxylic acid groups with molecules with amino groups.
SiR-Hoechst is a far-red fluorescent DNA probe being used widely for time-lapse imaging of living cells. SiR-Hoechst is minimally toxic at concentrations as high as 10-25 µM. SiR-Hoechst induces DNA damage responses and G2 arrest at concentrations well below 1 µM .
AF 594 azide (triethylamine) is an azide derivative of the red fluorescent dye AF 594, which has high fluorescence quantum yield and high photostability (maximum absorption wavelength of 586 nm, maximum emission wavelength of 613 nm). AF 594 azide (triethylamine) forms stable adducts by reaction of the azide group with alkynyl derivatives (terminal alkynes and cyclooctyne).
Cyanine5.5 amine (Cy 5.5 amine), a Cy5.5 Analogue, is a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye (Ex=648 nm, Em=710 nm). Cyanine5.5 amine can be used in the preparation of Cy5.5-labeled nanoparticles, which can be tracked and imaged with low fluorescence background using confocal microscopy .
BODIPY FL SSE is a potent fluorescent dye. BODIPY FL SSE is used to label the primary amines (R-NH2) of proteins, amine-modified oligonucleotides, and other amine-containing molecules. BODIPY FL SSE can reactive with primary amines on biomolecules to emit green fluorescence. (λex=502 nm, λem=511 nm) .
Acid Yellow 36 (Metanil Yellow) is an azo dye and a pH indicator. Acid Yellow 36 changes its color from red at pH 1.2 to yellow at pH 2.3. Acid Yellow 36 is used in the leather, paper and textile industries. Acid Yellow 36 acts as a bifunctional inducer of specific isozymes of P-450 and cytosolic enzymes .
Erythrosin B sodium salt, is a synthetic azo dye commonly used as a food colorant and textile dye. It is a water-soluble compound that produces a bright red color and is often used to improve the appearance of products. Erythrosin B sodium salt is also used in the textile industry for dyeing wool, silk and leather. However, it has been linked to potentially negative health effects, such as allergic reactions and hyperactivity in children.
Thiofluor 623 (Compound 3) is a fluorescent turn-on probe that can be used for the selective sensing and bioimaging of thiols. Thiofluor 623 displays excellent immunity to interference from nitrogen and oxygen nucleophiles. Thiofluor 623 is essentially nonfluorescent in the absence of thiols, which cleave the probe and release the red-emissive donor-acceptor fluorophore (Ex=563 nm, Em=623 nm) .
Janelia Fluor® 646, Maleimide (JF646, Maleimide) is a red fluorescent dye that contains a maleimide group. JF646, Maleimide can be used in cellular imaging . Janelia Fluor® products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
PKH67 is a fluorescent cell binding dye with green fluorescence. PKH67 can stain the cell membrane and the Ex/Em is 490/502 nm. PKH67 is often used in combination with the non-specific red fluorescent dye PKH26 (Ex/Em=551/567 nm) to label cells, detect cell proliferation in vitro, and trace cells in vitro and in vivo .
DRAQ5 is a novel cell permeant and far red-fluorescing DNA probe. DRAQ5 excites at a wavelength of 647 nm, close to the Ex, and produces a fluorescence spectrum extending from 665 nm out to beyond 780 nm wavelengths. DRAQ5 fluorescence reflects cellular DNA content. DRAQ5 can be used in combination with FITC and RPE-labelled antibodies, without the need for fluorescence compensation .
Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 alkyne, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye, is an alkyne modified Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 (Ex=67 8nm, Em=694 nm). Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 alkyne can react with azides for Click Chemistry labeling.
Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 azide tripotassium, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye, is an azide-functionalized Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 (Ex=678 nm, Em=694 nm). Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 azide tripotassium can react with alkynes for Click Chemistry labeling .
Cyanine5.5 alkyne chloride, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye, is an alkyne modified Cyanine5.5 (Ex=680 nm, Em=710 nm). Cyanine5.5 alkyne chloride can react with azides for Click Chemistry labeling .
RhoNox-1 is a fluorescent probe for the specific detection of divalent iron ions, and when RhoNox-1 reacts with Fe 2+. RhoNox-1 can generate an irreversible orange (red) fluorescent product (Ex/Em：540/575 nm) . FeRhoNox-1 can enter the cell well, suitable for the detection of Fe 2+ in living cells, and tends to be localized in the Golgi apparatus .
AF 594 streptavidin is a bioconjugating agent. It consists of AF 594 and streptomycin, a streptomycin derivative of the red fluorescent dye AF 594. AF 594 has high fluorescence quantum yield and high photostability (maximum absorption wavelength 586 nm, maximum emission wavelength 613 nm). AF 594 streptavidin can be selectively conjugated to streptavidin-modified molecules via a streptomycin-modifying group for fluorescent labeling and spectroscopic analysis.
FM4-64 is a very lipophilic, water-soluble styrene dyes, can specifically bind to cell membranes and inner membrane organelles to produce fluorescence. FM4-64 is widely used in endocytic and exospic membrane structure markers.
Janelia Fluor® 646 TFA (JF646 TFA), a red fluorogenic fluorescent dye, can be used in the synthesis of Janelia Fluor 646 HaloTag and SNAP-Tag ligands. JF646 TFA is used in live cell imaging experiments . Janelia Fluor® products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 amine consists of four sulfonate groups and has highly hydrophilic. Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 amine is an amine-containing fluorescent dye, the aliphatic primary amine group can be coupled with various electrophiles (activated esters, epoxides, etc). Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 amine can be used for the research of far red/NIR applications (such as in vivo imaging) and also can be used for enzymatic transamination labeling .
BODIPY TR methyl ester is a lipophilic GFP Counterstain. BODIPY TR methyl ester dye readily permeates cell membranes and localizes in endomembranous organelles but not localize strongly in plasma membranes. BODIPY TR methyl ester is an excellent red fluorescent vital dye (Ex=568 nm, Em=625 nm), can be used to reveal the location and shapes of cell nuclei, the shapes of cells within embryonic tissues, as well as the bound aries of organ-forming tissues within the whole embryo .
Janelia Fluor 669, SE (JF669, SE), a red fluorescent dye, can be directly reacted with the available thiol-containing HaloTag ligand under mild conditions (DIEA, DMF) to afford a JF669HaloTag ligand in a single step (Ex = 669 nm; Em = 682 nm) . Janelia Fluor products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
DFAME is a red fluorophore (Ex=508 nm, Em=641 nm). Beetroot and Corn are dimeric fluorogenic RNA aptamers that can bind to DFAME to form Beetroot-DFAME (Kd=460nM) and Corn-DFAME (Kd= 3600nM). Beetroot-DFAME (Kd=460nM) and Corn-DFAME can be used to form RNA assemblies in living cells. Creating RNA assemblies can be used for the study of RNA Nanostructures. DNA/RNA Nanostructures would be useful in cell and gene therapy (CGT) research .
Carbol fuchsin is a histological stain used in microbiology to distinguish acid-fast bacteria from non-acid-fast bacteria. It is a mixture of basic fuchsin, phenol, and water and is commonly used in the Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique for the detection of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections. Carbol fuchsin stains the cell walls of acid-fast bacteria bright red, while other cells are unstained or slightly stained. This makes it easier to see and identify these microbes under a microscope. Carbol fuchsin is also used in veterinary medicine and phytopathology for similar purposes.
Propidium Iodide (PI) is a nuclear staining agent that stains DNA. Propidium Iodide is an analogue of ethidine bromide that emits red fluorescence upon embedding in double-stranded DNA. Propidium Iodide cannot pass through living cell membranes, but it can pass through damaged cell membranes to stain the nucleus. Propidium Iodide has a fluorescence wavelength of 493/617 nm and a wavelength of 536/635 nm after Mosaic with DNA. Propidium Iodide is commonly used in the detection of apoptosis (apoptosis) or necrosis (necrosis), and is often used in flow cytometry analysis.
Rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBITC) is a fluorescent dye commonly used in biological imaging and labeling applications. It has an isothiocyanate functional group that can be covalently attached to amino groups on proteins and other biomolecules, making it useful for fluorescent labeling of cells and tissues. RBITC fluoresces bright orange-red under green light excitation, which makes it easy to detect and track labeled molecules in complex samples. Due to its stability and sensitivity, RBITC has been widely used in various research fields, including cell biology, immunology, and neurobiology.
SMCy5.5 is an SMCy dye used for lipid droplet labeling with a very high two-photon absorption cross-section. SMCy, unlike the well-known lipid droplet marker Nile Red, has narrow absorption and emission bands in visible light, allowing for multicolor imaging. SMCy is shown to be compatible with fixation, producing high-quality 3D images of lipid droplets in cells and tissues. The high brightness of SMCy5.5 enables efficient tracking and imaging of lipid droplet exchange between adipocytes .
Dihydroethidium, also known as DHE, is a peroxide indicator. Dihydroethidium penetrates cell membranes to form a fluorescent protein complex with blue fluoresces. After entering the cells, Dihydroethidium is mainly localized in the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus, and the staining effect is the strongest in the nucleus. Dihydroethidium produces inherent blue fluorescence with a maximum excitation wavelength of 370 nm and a maximum emission wavelength of 420 nm; after dehydrogenation, Dihydroethidium combines with RNA or DNA to produce red fluorescence with a maximum excitation wavelength of 300 nm and a maximum emission wavelength of 610 nm. 535 nm can also be used as the excitation wavelength for actual observation .
Janelia Fluor 646, Tetrazine (JF646, Tetrazine) a red fluorescent dye that contains a tetrazine group. JF646, Tetrazine can be used in cellular imaging . Janelia Fluor products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Janelia Fluor? 646, Tetrazine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Cy5 Tetrazine is a water-soluble, pH-insensitive from pH 4 to pH 10, far-red-fluorescent probe with excitation ideally suited for the 633 nm or 647 nm laser lines. Its absorption and emission spactra are almost identical to those of Alexa Fluor 647, CF 647 Dye, or any other Cyanine5 based fluorescent dyes. Sulfo-Cy5-tetrazine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
JC-1 (CBIC2) is an ideal fluorescent probe widely used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential. JC-1 accumulates in mitochondria in a potential dependent manner and can be used to detect the membrane potential of cells, tissues or purified mitochondria. In normal mitochondria, JC-1 aggregates in the mitochondrial matrix to form a polymer, which emits strong red fluorescence (Ex=585nm, Em=590nm); When the mitochondrial membrane potential is low, JC-1 cannot aggregate in the matrix of mitochondria and produce green fluorescence (ex=514nm, em=529nm) .
Acridine Orange base is a cell-permeable fluorescent dye that stains organisms (bacteria, parasites, viruses, etc.) bright orange and, when used under appropriate conditions (pH=3.5, Ex=460 nm), distinguishes human cells in green for detection by fluorescence microscopy. Acridine Orange base fluoresces green when bound to dsDNA (Ex=488, Em=520-524) and red when bound to ssDNA (Ex=457, Em=630-644) or ssRNA (Ex=457, Em=630-644), also can be used in cell cycle assays .
Ethidium homodimer (EthD-1) is a high-affinity fluorescent nucleic acid dye commonly used to stain mammals, bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Ethidium homodimer binds to DNA or RNA, enhancing fluorescence more than 30 times. The Ethidium homodimer has a strong positive charge, so it cannot cross cell membranes and stain living cells; But the Ethidium homodimer can cross the disordered region of the dead cell membrane to reach the nucleus and embed the DNA double strand to produce red fluorescence. Therefore, Ethidium homodimer is a relatively sensitive nucleic acid stain that can accurately detect nucleic acids in solution or in decomposing cells. Ethidium homodimer binds DNA, Ex/Em=528/617 nm .
Janelia Fluor 646, Azide (JF646, Azide) is a red fluorogenic fluorescent dye containing a click chemistry group Azide. Janelia Fluor 646, Azide can be used for live-cell imaging experiments . Janelia Fluor products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Janelia Fluor? 646, Azide is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
Lds-751 is a nucleic acid stain that mainly detects DNA. Lds-751 is a nucleic acid stain that mainly detects DNA. Lds-751 has a high affinity for DNA and fluorescence is enhanced after binding, but the maximum emission wavelength is 670nm. Lds-751 and Thiazole orange can be used for the differentiation of red blood cells, platelets, reticulocytes, and nucleated cells and can be stimulated at 488nm. Studies have shown that LDS-751 binds almost exclusively to mitochondria when incubated with nucleated living cells. After nucleated Acridine Orange (HY-101879) staining and LDS-751 treatment of cells, confocal microscopy revealed almost no co-location of the cells. Staining with Rhodamine 123 (HY-D0816), a dye known to bind polarized mitochondria, was almost identical to the pattern observed with LDS-751 .
Tetrazolium Red (2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride; TTC) is used to observe the activity of dehydrogenase, and it turns colorless to red when exposed to hydrogen. Tetrazolium Red is a colorless, water-soluble dye that is reduced to a deep red, water-insoluble compound (formazan) mainly in the mitochondria of living cells, thereby distinguishing between surviving and infarcted brain tissue after stroke .
Alizarin red S indicator (C.I. 58005) is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
Violet Red Bile Agar can be used for solid plate detection of coliforms (GB, SN standards). Violet Red Bile Agar ingredients include peptone, yeast powder, sodium chloride, lactose, bile salts, crystal violet, neutral red, agar .
Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar can be used for counting intestinal bacteria and identification of enterobacteriaceae. The composition of 1 liter of Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar contains: 7.0 g gelatin pancreatic enzyme hydrolysate, 3.0 g yeast extract powder, 1.5 g sodium deoxycholate, 10.0 g glucose, 5.0 g sodium chloride, 0.03 g neutral red, 0.002 g crystal violet, and 15.0 g agar in per liter .
Poloxamer 288 F98 is block polymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with average molecular mass of 13000. Poloxamer 288 F98 reduces the aggregation of red blood cells .
Blood Enrichment Medium can be used for enrichment culture of pathogenic bacteria in blood. Blood Enrichment Medium ingredients include peptone, beef extract powder, NaCl, glucose, sodium citrate, para-aminobenzoic acid, magnesium sulfate, phenol red .
Hemoglobin is a iron-containing protein in red blood cells with oxygen binding properties. Hemoglobin consits of heme, which binds to oxygen. Hemoglobin also transports other gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and sulfide. Hemoglobin absorbs unneeded oxygen in tissues, as an antioxidant .
DSPE-PEG-Rhodamine, MW 5000 is a phospholipid polyPEG with red fluorescent. The polymer can form lipid bilayer and be used to prepare nanoparticles or liposomes for targeted drug delivery. Rhodamine has maximum absorption at 570 nm and emission around 595 nm and can be easily traced using an imaging technique.
DSPE-PEG-Rhodamine, MW 3400 is a phospholipid polyPEG with red fluorescent. The polymer can form lipid bilayer and be used to prepare nanoparticles or liposomes for targeted drug delivery. Rhodamine has maximum absorption at 570 nm and emission around 595 nm and can be easily traced using an imaging technique.
DSPE-PEG-Cy5, MW 2000 a red fluorophore polyPEG with lipid hydrophobic tails. The Cy5 fluorophore is commonly used in applications such as protein and nucleic acid labeling for imaging, flow cytometry, and genomic applications. The dye has an excitation peak at 651 nm and an emission peak at 670 nm.
o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline) monohydrate, a metal chelator, prevents the induction of chromosomal aberrations in streptozotocin-treated cells. o-Phenanthroline monohydrate forms a red chelate with Fe 2+ that absorbs maximally at 510 nm. o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline) monohydrate is also a MMP inhibitor .
ι-Carrageenan (Viscarin SD 309) is a biochemical reagent. ι-Carrageenan can be isolated from Eucheuma serra or red algae H. musciformis and S. filiformis. ι-Carrageenan has potential application in protein emulsion flocculation and stability .
α-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase-Triosephosphate (GDH-TIM) is an enzyme mixture composed of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GDH) and triphosphate isomerase (TIM). α-Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase-Triosephosphate can be used to determine the activity of transketolase (TK) in hemolytic substances of red blood cells to evaluate vitamin B deficiency .
o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline), a metal chelator, prevents the induction of chromosomal aberrations in streptozotocin-treated cells. o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline) forms a red chelate with Fe 2+ that absorbs maximally at 510 nm. o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline) is also a MMP inhibitor .
Stearic acid-PEG-Rhodamine, MW 5000 is a fatty acid containing PEG polymer which can self assemble in an aqueous solution to form micelles. The polymer can be used to prepare nanoparticles for drug encapsulation. The red dye rhodamine can be easily traced by fluorescence microscopy. Rhodamine has maximum absorption at 570 nm and emission around 595 nm.
Stearic acid-PEG-Rhodamine, MW 3400 is a fatty acid containing PEG polymer which can self assemble in an aqueous solution to form micelles. The polymer can be used to prepare nanoparticles for drug encapsulation. The red dye rhodamine can be easily traced by fluorescence microscopy. Rhodamine has maximum absorption at 570 nm and emission around 595 nm.
Poloxamer 238 F88 is block polymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with average molecular mass of 11400. Poloxamer 238 F88 reduces the aggregation of red blood cells. Poloxamer 238 F88 forms thermoreversible hydrogel, that is utilized in food additives, drug delivery carriers in cosmetics, pharmaceutical ingredients and tissue engineering .
Poloxamer 338 F108 is block polymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene with average molecular mass of 14600. Poloxamer 338 F108 reduces the aggregation of red blood cells, inhibits proliferation of human lymphocyte cell IIBR1. Poloxamer 338 F108 exhibits short-term and subchronic toxicity in rats .
Agar is a jelly like substance that contains agarose and agar gel. Agar can be isolated from the cell walls of red algae species such as Gelidium and Gracilaria (Ogonori). The gelation and melting of Agar is based on the hydrogen bridge (physical gels), so the gelation is reversible. Agar is widely used in food additives, plant tissue culture, microorganisms culture media, fingerprint recognition, and medical fields .
MacConkey Agar (MAC) can be used for selective isolation and culture of intestinal pathogens. The composition of 1 liter of MacConkey Agar (MAC) is: 20.0g peptone, 10.0 g lactose, 1.5 g Bile salt number three, 5.0 g sodium chloride, 0.03g Neutral red, 0.001 g Crystal viol and 15.0 g agar .
Pinolenic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid found in the seed oils of red pine (Pinus orientalis) and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster). Both oils were found to have lipid-lowering properties. A diet containing marine pine nut oil (MPSO) reduces HDL and ApoA1 levels in transgenic mice expressing human ApoA1. MPSO was found to reduce cholesterol efflux in vitro. Korean pine nut oil supplements may help obesity by reducing appetite. People who take this oil experience an increase in the satiety hormones CCK and GLP-1 and a decrease in appetite. The activity of the oil is attributed to pinolenic acid. Pinolenic acid is not metabolized to arachidonic acid and can reduce the level of arachidonic acid in the phosphatidylinositol fraction of HepG2 cells from 15.9% to 7.0%. Pinolenic acid ethyl ester is a neutral, more lipophilic form of the free acid.
Red pigment-concentrating hormone is a chromatophorotropic hormone and is synthesized in the eyestalk. Red pigment-concentrating hormone may plays a role as a downstream hormone of 5-HT .
Mastoparan B is an antimicrobial peptide derived from hornet Vespa. Mastoparan B can cause the shape of red blood cells to change from normal disk-like to serrated .
Peptide 5f is an antimicrobial peptide derived from wasp venom. Peptide 5f has antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Peptide 5f has little hemolytic activity on human red blood cells .
Tamapin is a venom peptide, targeting to small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (SK) channels. Tamapin is a selctive blocker of SK2 (Potassium Channel). Tamapin inhibits SK channel-mediated currents in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. Tamapin can be isolated from the Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) .
Hypertrehalosemic neuropeptide (Nauphoeta cinerea) is a neuropeptide in the adipokinetic hormone/red pigment-concentrating hormone (AKH/RPCH) family, and can stimulate the synthesis of trehalose .
Cockroach Myoactive Peptide I (Pea-CAH-I) is a cockroach neuropeptide, a member of the adipokinetic hormone/red pigment-concentrating hormone family (AKH/RPCH family) .
Phalloidin-TRITC is a fluorescein derivative of Phalloidin, which can specifically label myof lin and display red fluorescence when labeled and can be observed using Tesred channels .
Maximin 41 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 41 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 75 μg/mL). Maximin 41 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
Maximin 42 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 42 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 37.5 μg/mL). Maximin 42 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
Maximin 77 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 77 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin 77 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
Maximin 49 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 49 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin 49 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Maximin 45 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 41 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis (MIC: 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL). Maximin 45 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Cockroach Myoactive Peptide II (Pea-CAH-II) is a cockroach neuropeptide. Cockroach Myoactive Peptide II is a member of the adipokinetic hormone/red pigment concentrating hormone (AKH/RPCH) family. Cockroach Myoactive Peptide II can be used for the research of metabolic functions of insect body .
Maximin 78 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 78 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 37.5, 4.7, 37.5 μg/mL). Maximin 78 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Maximin H39 is an antimicrobial peptide. MaximinH39 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 9.4, 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin H39 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Maximin 68 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 68 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis (MIC: 18.8, 9.4, 37.5, 9.4 μg/mL). Maximin 68 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Tamapin TFA is a venom peptide, targeting to small conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (SK) channels. Tamapin TFA is a selctive blocker of SK2 (Potassium Channel). Tamapin TFA inhibits SK channel-mediated currents in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. Tamapin TFA can be isolated from the Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) .
Maximin H2 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H2 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 20, 2, 4, 2 μg/ml, respectively .
Maximin H3 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H3 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 20, 10, 20, 5 μg/ml, respectively .
Maximin H4 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H4 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 12, 6, 12, 6 μg/ml, respectively .
Maximin H1 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from the skin secretions of Chinese red belly toad Bombina maxima. Maximin H1 has activity against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC2592, Bacillus pyocyaneus CMCCB1010 and Candida albicans ATCC2002, the MIC values are 9, 4.5, 9, 4.5 μg/ml, respectively .
Tilapia piscidin 3 is an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria (MIC: 2.44, 2.44, 9.78, 19.55, 0.61 μg/mL for V. vulnificus 204, V. alginolyticus, S. agalactiae 819, E. faecalis BCRC 10066, S. agalactiae BCRC 10787). Tilapia piscidin 3 has hemolytic activity in fish red blood cells .
Red Nucleic Acid Gel Stain (10,000×) is a nucleic acid stain that can be used as a safer alternative to the traditional ethidium bromide (EB) stain for detecting nucleic acids in agarose gels or polyacrylamide gels.
Annexin V-mCherry/SYTOX Green Apoptosis Detection Kit provides a rapid and convenient method to detect cell apoptosis and necrosis. After staining, live cells show little or no fluorescence, apoptosis cells show red fluorescence, necrosis cells show red and green fluorescence.
MCE Basement Membrane Matrix (Phenol Red) is primarily composed of a natural basement membrane matrix derived from mouse tumors. This product is mainly for studies of tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and organoid culture.
Annexin V-mCherry Apoptosis Detection Kit provides a rapid and convenient method to detect cell apoptosis and necrosis. After staining, live cells show little or no fluorescence, apoptosis cells and necrosis cells show red fluorescence.
MCE Annexin V-PE Apoptosis Detection Kit provides a rapid and convenient method to detect cell apoptosis and necrosis. After staining, live cells show little or no fluorescence, apoptosis cells and necrosis cells show red fluorescence.
MCE One Step TUNEL Apoptosis Detection Kit (Cyanine 3) provides a rapid and convenient method to detect cell apoptosis. After staining cells with this kit, live cells have no fluorescence, apoptosis cells show red fluorescence.
MCE Basement Membrane Matrix HC (Phenol Red) is primarily composed of natural basement membrane matrix extracted from mouse tumors, with higher content of various cytokines than the standard type.This product is mainly used for angiogenesis experiments, construction of animal models and 3D tumor models.
MCE Basement Membrane Matrix GFR (Phenol Red) is primarily composed of a natural basement membrane matrix derived from mouse tumors and contains lower levels of various cytokines than the standard type. This product is mainly used for organoid culture and for research applications with high requirements for basement membrane preparation.
MCE 0.25% Trypsin-EDTA (1x), phenol red consists of dried trypsin powder dissolved in EDTA. MCE Trypsin hydrolyzes intercellular proteins and disperses primary tissues or adherent cells into individual cells, and can be widely used for cell dissociation, cell culture passaging and primary tissue dissociation.
MCE Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit provides a rapid and convenient method to detect cell apoptosis and necrosis. After staining, live cells show little or no fluorescence (Annexin V-/PI-), early apoptosis cells show green fluorescence(Annexin V+/PI-), late apoptosis cells and necrosis cells show red and green fluorescence (Annexin V+/PI+).
MCE Annexin V-iFluor 488/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit provides a rapid and convenient method to detect cell apoptosis and necrosis. After staining, live cells show little or no fluorescence (Annexin V-/PI-),, early apoptosis cells show green fluorescence (Annexin V+/PI-), late apoptosis cells and necrosis cells show red and green fluorescence (Annexin V+/PI+).
Annexin V-EGFP/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit provides a rapid and convenient method to detect cell apoptosis and necrosis. After staining, live cells show little or no fluorescence (Annexin V-/PI-), early apoptosis cells show green fluorescence(Annexin V+/PI-), late apoptosis cells and necrosis cells show red and green fluorescence (Annexin V+/PI+). Compared with FITC, the fluorescence of EGFP is stronger and more stable.
carlet 808 (Bronze Red; Shanghai Bronze Red) is a naphthol red pigment. Scarlet 808 can be used for coloring coatings, leather, and latex paints. It has the advantages of high tinting power, good hiding power, alkali resistance, and acid resistance .
Hematoporphyrin (Hematoporphyrin IX), a photosensitizer, is a substrate for affinity chromatography of heme-binding proteins. Hematoporphyrin can induce apoptosis in U87 glioma cells and decrease tumor growth in vivo when exposed to red light .
Hematoporphyrin dihydrochloride (Hematoporphyrin IX dihydrochloride), a photosensitizer, is a substrate for affinity chromatography of heme-binding proteins. Hematoporphyrin dihydrochloride can induce apoptosis in U87 glioma cells and decrease tumor growth in vivo when exposed to red light .
Oosporein is a red crystalline metabolite produced by a toxin-producing strain of Chaetomium trilaterale. Chaetomium trilaterale is isolated from moldy Peanuts. Oosporein inhibits plant growth and produces phytotoxic effects .
Sarcophine ((+)-Sarcophine) is a potent glycine receptor (GlyR) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.9 μM. Sarcophine is a nature product that could be isolated form the Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum .
4′-Hydroxy-2′-methylacetophenone, an aroma compound of red wines, is isolated from cv. Bobal grape variety. 4′-Hydroxy-2′-methylacetophenone has ciliate toxicity. 4′-Hydroxy-2′-methylacetophenone inhibits the growth of T. pyriformis, with an IC50 of 0.65 mM .
FR-901235 is a new type of immunoactive substance produced by an imperfect fungus, Paecilomyces carneus F-4882. FR-901235 partially restored the impaired delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells in tumor-bearing mice .
Delphinidin chloride is an anthocyanin isolated from berries and red wine. Delphinidin chloride exhibits endothelium-dependent vasodilation and anticancer activity. Delphinidin chloride also modulates JAK/STAT3 and MAPK signaling, thereby inducing apoptosis in HCT116 cells. Delphinidin chloride is also a potent inhibitor of EGFR (IC50: 1.3 μM), shutting down downstream signaling cascades .
4-Methyl-1-pentanol (Isohexanol) is a pentanol added with methyl group, which can be used as a solvent and has excellent synergistic effect with PVCap. 4-Methyl-1-pentanol is also a volatile aroma component of red wine, which is often used in the production and blending of wine. 4-Methyl-1-pentanol can also be used as an alcohol antagonist to antagonize the effects of ethanol and 1-butanol on L1-mediated cell-cell adhesion, and is used in the study of fetal alcohol syndrome .
(7S)-Dalbergiphenol is a cytotoxic compound that can be isolated from Brazilian red propoli. (7S)-Dalbergiphenol inhibits cancer cell viability. Brazilian red propoli has cardioprotective activity .
Actinine (γ-Butyrobetaine) chloride is angiopathic substance produced as an intermediary metabolite by gut microbiota that feed on carnitine in dietary red meat.
Manninotriose is a novel and important player in the RFO(Raffinose family oligosaccharides) metabolism of red dead deadnettle; potential to improve the side effects of MTX for ALL treatment.
Periplocoside N, a pregnane glycoside isolated from root powder of Periploca sepium, possesses insecticidal activities against the red imported fire ant .
Raspberry ketone is a major aromatic compound of red raspberry, widely used as a fragrance in cosmetics and as a flavoring agent in foodstuff; also shows PPAR-α agonistic activity.
Maltol, a type of aromatic compound, exists in high concentrations in red ginseng. Maltol is a potent antioxidative agent and typically is used to enhance flavor and preserve food .
Polyporusterone A is a triterpene carboxylic acid isolated from Polyporus umbellatus Fries. Polyporusterone A has inhibitory effect on free radical-induced lysis of red blood cells (hemolysis) .
Farnesyl acetate is a sesquiterpene isolated from the leaves of Amomum gagnepainii. Farnesyl acetate has significant toxicity against red palm weevil larvae with a LD50 of 7867 ppm .
2'-Acetylacteoside is a phenylethanoid glycoside isolated from Brandisia hancei, inhibits free radical-induced hemolysis of red blood cells and exhibits free radical scavenging activity .
Polyporusterone B is a triterpene carboxylic acid isolated from Polyporus umbellatus Fries. Polyporusterone B has inhibitory effect on free radical-induced lysis of red blood cells (hemolysis) .
Maximin 41 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 41 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 75 μg/mL). Maximin 41 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
Lycopene (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lycopene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lycopene is naturally occurring carotenoids found in tomato, tomato products, and in other red fruits and vegetables; exhibits antioxidant effects.
β-Cryptoxanthin ((3R)-β-Cryptoxanthin), isolated from tangerines, red peppers, and pumpkin, is an oxygenated carotenoid and a potent antioxidant. β-Cryptoxanthin has an anti-stress effect .
Maximin 42 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 42 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 37.5 μg/mL). Maximin 42 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
Maximin 77 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 77 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin 77 has hemolytic activities against human red cells .
Colominic acid sodium salt (Polysialic acid sodium salt) could be naturally isolated from the cell wall of Escherichia coli and animals, gives a red color which has an absorption maximum at 530 nm. Colominic acid sodium salt (Polysialic acid sodium salt) possesses anti-bacterial activity .
Maximin 49 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 49 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC: 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin 49 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
2-Methylpyrazine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Methylpyrazine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Methylpyrazine is a kind of?alkylpyrazine that can be identified in roasted red pepper seed oils .
Isethionic acid (2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid) is an organosulfur compound. Isethionic acid is widely distributed in animal species and in a few red algal species. Isethionic acid can be used as an anionic detergent and has anti-settlement activity against Balanus amphitrite .
Rubropunctatin, an orange azaphilone pigment, is isolated from the extracts of Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mold rice). Rubropunctatin has anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and antioxidative effects, and also exhibits anti-tumor activity .
Prodigiosin (Prodigiosine) hydrochloride is a red pigment produced by bacteria as a bioactive secondary metabolite. Prodigiosin hydrochloride is a potent proapoptotic agent, and inhibits Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Prodigiosin hydrochloride has antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antimalarial, immunosuppressive, and anticancer properties .
Bikaverin (Lycopersin) is a reddish pigment produced by different fungal species. Bikaverin shows antibiotic properties against certain protozoa and fungi .
Homovanillyl alcohol is a biological metabolite of Hydroxytyrosol. Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic compound that is present in virgin olive oil (VOO) and wine. Homovanillyl alcohol protects red blood cells (RBCs) from oxidative injury and has protective effect on cardiovascular disease .
Brazilin is a red dye precursor obtained from the heartwood of several species of tropical hardwoods. Brazilin inhibits the cells proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and induces autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Brazilin shows chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities .
Monascin is a kind of azaphilonoid pigments extracted from Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mold rice). Monascin also exhibits anti-tumor-initiating activity and anti-inflammatory activity with oral administration. Monascin inhibits the activation of NOR 1 (an NO donor) .
Maximin 45 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 41 has antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis (MIC: 4.7, 9.4, 75 μg/mL). Maximin 45 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Tramiprosate (Homotaurine), an orally active and brain-penetrant natural amino acid found in various species of red marine algae. Tramiprosate binds to soluble Aβ and maintains Aβ in a non-fibrillar form. Tramiprosate is also a GABA analog and possess neuroprotection, anticonvulsion and antihypertension effects .
Ankaflavin, isolated from Monascus-Fermented red rice, is an orally active PPARγ agonist. Ankaflavin exhibits selective cytotoxic effect and induces cell death through apoptosis on cancer cells. Ankaflavin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antiatherosclerotic, and hypolipidemic effects .
κ-Carrageenan is a natural polymer which predominantly available in red seaweeds. κ-Carrageenan is an effective agent carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. κ-carrageenan serves as a potential inflammatory agent that magnifies existing intestinal inflammation .
Maximin 78 is an antimicrobial peptide. Maximin 78 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 37.5, 4.7, 37.5 μg/mL). Maximin 78 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Rubropunctamine is a redMonascus pigment. Not only Rubropunctamine exerts antibiotic action against bacteria but also against some yeast and filamentous fungi strains. Rubropunctamine has potential embryotoxicity and teratogenicity .
4'-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxychalcone is a natural chalcone derivatives in the red herbal resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis. 4'-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxychalcone displays a wide range of biological activities including antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antibacterial, antifungal activity .
Maximin H39 is an antimicrobial peptide. MaximinH39 has antibacterial activity against C. albicans, S. aureus, B. subtilis (MIC: 9.4, 9.4, 18.8 μg/mL). Maximin H39 has hemolytic activities against human and rabbit red cells .
Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism .
Cyclo-(Pro-Gly) (Pyrrolopiperazine-2,5-dione), an alkaloid isolated from green algae Ulva prolifera, possesses antialgal activity against the common harmful red tide microalgae . Cyclo-(Pro-Gly) (Pyrrolopiperazine-2,5-dione) possesses antiamnesic effects and neuroprotective actions .
Fascaplysin is an antimicrobial and cytotoxic red pigment, that can come from the marine sponge (Fascaplysinopsis sp.). Fascaplysin has been synthesized in seven steps from indole (65% yield). Fascaplysin can induces apoptosis and autophagy in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Fascaplysin shows anti-tumor activity .
Pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside (chloride) is a natural pigment abundantly present in red fruits and vegetables. Pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside (chloride) acts as a scavenger for reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species . Pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside (chloride) demonstrates inhibitory effects on enzymes involved in the production of ROS, RNS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines .
Peonidin chloride is an O-methylated anthocyanidin that functions as a primary plant pigment, endowing purplish-red hues to flowers such as the peony, from which it takes its name, as well as berries and vegetables. Peonidin chloride exhibits chemopreventive, as well as anti-inflammatory activities on cancer cells in vitro, blocking COX-2 expression and transformation in JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells.
Pulcherriminic acid is a cyclic dipeptide antimicrobial agent with high affinity for Fe 3+, found mainly in Bacillus and yeast. Pulcherriminic acid chelates iron ions through a non-enzymatic reaction to form the extracellular red pigment pulcherrimin, which competes for iron nutrition and thus achieves an antibacterial effect. Pulcherriminic acid has great applications in food, agriculture and medical industries .
Linoleic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Linoleic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism .
Ginsenoside Rg5 is the main component of Red ginseng and IGF-1R agonist. Ginsenoside Rg5 compets for the binding site of IGF-1R and blocks the binding of IGF-1 to IGF-1R (IC50 about 90 nM). Ginsenoside Rg5 also inhibits the mRNA expression of COX-2 via suppression of the DNA binding activities of NF-κB p65.
Astaxanthin, the red dietary carotenoid, is an orally effective and potent antioxidant. Astaxanthin inhibits NF-κB and down-regulates VEGF in blood glucose. Astaxanthin exerts anti-cancer cell proliferation, increases apoptosis, impairs migration and invasion by activating PPARγ and reducing the expression of STAT3. Astaxanthin also has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity and can be used in studies of cancer, diabetic retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and in the coloring of animal feed .
(E)-Ajoene is a oxygenated ajoene and organosulfur compound, which can be acquired via allicin decomposing. The polysulfides from garlic can be converted by human red blood cells into hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and allyl glutathione. (E)-Ajoene has been proved to show neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage. (E)-Ajoene is orally active to inhibit lipid peroxidation. (E)-Ajoene increases the number of cresyl violet-positive neurons and decreases the number of reactive gliosis in the CA1 region .
Ginsenoside F4 (GF4), ginseng saponinis, isolated from notoginseng or red ginseng. Ginsenoside F4 (GF4) has inhibitory effect on human lymphocytoma JK cell by inducing its apoptosis .
Ginsenoside F4 (GF4) inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP 13) expression in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes and blocks cartilage breakdown in rabbit cartilage tissue culture, shows therapeutic potential for preventing cartilage collagen matrix breakdown in diseased tissues .
Stearidonic acid (6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z-Octadecatetraenoic acid) is an intermediate fatty acid in the biosynthetic pathway from α-linolenic acid to VLC ω-3 PUFA. The conversion efficiency of stearidonic acid is higher than that of alpha-linolenic acid. Increasing the intake of stearidonic acid can increase the content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in red blood cells. Stearidonic acid can also be isolated from methanolic extracts of the brown alga Brachyphyllum gracilis .
As a key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, HMGCR protein plays a central role in regulating cellular cholesterol levels. It catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, a key step in the synthesis of cholesterol and other isoprenoids. HMGCR Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived HMGCR protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of HMGCR Protein, Human (His) is 300 a.a., with molecular weight of ~38 kDa.
The PKLR protein is a key enzyme in cellular metabolism that acts as a pyruvate kinase, converting phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. This process is an integral part of glycolysis, the fundamental pathway for cellular energy production. PKLR Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived PKLR protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of PKLR Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is 574 a.a., with molecular weight of ~62.0 kDa.
LMW-PTP/ACP1, a phosphatase, acts on tyrosine phosphorylated proteins, low-molecular-weight aryl phosphates, and natural and synthetic acyl phosphates. Notably, there are substrate specificity differences between isoform 1 and isoform 2, with isoform 2 lacking phosphatase activity. LMW-PTP/ACP1 Protein, Human (C-His) is the recombinant human-derived LMW-PTP/ACP1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of LMW-PTP/ACP1 Protein, Human (C-His) is 157 a.a., with molecular weight of ~18.0 kDa.
OPN1LW protein, crucial for vision, is a vital element of visual pigments responsible for light absorption. The pigments consist of opsin, forming a covalent bond with cis-retinal. This molecular mechanism is indispensable for perceiving light stimuli in vision. OPN1LW Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant human-derived OPN1LW protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of OPN1LW Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His) is 364 a.a., with molecular weight of 43.4 kDa.
GDP-L-Fucose Synthase; GDP-4-Keto-6-Deoxy-D-Mannose-3; 5-Epimerase-4-reductase; Protein FX; red Cell NADP(H)-Binding Protein; Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/reductase Family 4E Member 1; TSTA3; SDR4E1
The TSTA3 protein plays a key role in catalyzing the two-step NADP-dependent conversion of GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose to GDP-fucose. The process involves successive epimerase and reductase reactions, ultimately leading to the biosynthesis of GDP-fucose. TSTA3 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived TSTA3 protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-6*His labeled tag. The total length of TSTA3 Protein, Human (His) is 321 a.a., with molecular weight of ~40.0 kDa.
The PRDX6 protein is a thiol-specific peroxidase that plays a crucial role in cellular defense against oxidative stress. It catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and various organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols. PRDX6 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived PRDX6 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of PRDX6 Protein, Human (His) is 224 a.a., with molecular weight of 30-33 kDa.
PKLR Protein, a pyruvate kinase, plays a crucial role in glycolysis, converting phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate and generating ATP. As a key enzyme, PKLR mediates the final steps of glycolysis, contributing to energy production. Its catalytic activity influences pyruvate, a central metabolite with implications for cellular processes, including energy metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. PKLR's significance in glycolytic flux underscores its essential role in cellular energy homeostasis, presenting potential for therapeutic interventions in metabolic pathways. PKLR Protein, Rat (P. pastoris, His) is the recombinant rat-derived PKLR protein, expressed by P. pastoris, with N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of PKLR Protein, Rat (P. pastoris, His) is 574 a.a., with molecular weight of 64.2 kDa.
AQP 1; AQP CHIP; AQP-1; AQP1; AQP1_HUMAN; aquaporin 1 channel-forming integral protein; 28kDa; CO blood group; ; aquaporin 1 Colton blood group; ; Aquaporin CHIP; Aquaporin-1; Aquaporin-CHIP; Aquaporin1; Channel forming integral protein 28kDa; Channel like integral membrane protein 28 kDa; CHIP 28; CHIP28; CO; Colton blood group; Growth factor induced delayed early response protein; MGC26324; Urine water channel; Water channel protein CHIP 29; Water channel protein CHIP29; Water channel protein for red blood cells and kidney proximal tubule
The AQP1 protein forms water-specific channels that allow water to cross red blood cells and renal proximal tubule membranes. AQP1 Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived AQP1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His, N-SUMO labeled tag. The total length of AQP1 Protein, Human (His-SUMO) is 50 a.a., with molecular weight of ~21.6 kDa.
AQP CHIP; AQP-1; AQP1; AQP1_HUMAN; aquaporin 1 channel-forming integral protein; 28kDa; CO blood group; ; aquaporin 1 Colton blood group; ; Aquaporin CHIP; Aquaporin-1; Aquaporin-CHIP; Aquaporin1; Channel forming integral protein 28kDa; Channel like integral membrane protein 28 kDa; CHIP 28; CHIP28; CO; Colton blood group; Growth factor induced delayed early response protein; MGC26324; Urine water channel; Water channel protein CHIP 29; Water channel protein CHIP29; Water channel protein for red blood cells and kidney proximal tubule
The AQP1 protein forms water-specific channels that allow water to cross red blood cells and renal proximal tubule membranes. Aquaporin-1/AQP1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His-SUMO) is the recombinant human-derived Aquaporin-1/AQP1 protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-SUMO, N-6*His labeled tag. The total length of Aquaporin-1/AQP1 Protein, Human (Cell-Free, His-SUMO) is 268 a.a., with molecular weight of 41.3 kDa.
Sudan I-d5 is a the deuterated Sudan I. Sudan I is a diazo-conjugate red dye and can be used as an additive to products such as oils, solvents or polishes. Sudan I inhibits growth of bacterial strains Clostridium perfringens and L. rhamnosus[1].
Actinine-d9 chloride is the deuterium labeled Actinine chloride. Actinine chloride is angiopathic substance produced as an intermediary metabolite by gut microbiota that feed on carnitine in dietary red meat[1][2].
Maltol-d3 is a deuterium labeled Maltol (HY-W012788). Maltol, a type of aromatic compound, exists in high concentrations in red ginseng. Maltol is a potent antioxidative agent and typically is used to enhance flavor and preserve food .
2-Methylpyrazine-d6 is the deuterium labeled 2-Methylpyrazine[1]. 2-Methylpyrazine is a kind of alkylpyrazine that can be identified in roasted red pepper seed oils[2].
Dorzolamide-d5 is the deuterium labeled Dorzolamide. Dorzolamide (L671152) is a potent carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor, with IC50 values of 0.18 nM and 600 nM for red blood cell CA-II and CA-I respectively. Dorzolamide possesses anti-tumor activity[1][2].
Tramiprosate-d6 is the deuterium labeled Tramiprosate. Tramiprosate (Homotaurine), an orally active and brain-penetrant natural amino acid found in various species of red marine algae. Tramiprosate binds to soluble Aβ and maintains Aβ in a non-fibrillar form. Tramiprosate is also a GABA analog and possess neuroprotection, anticonvulsion and antihypertension effects[1][2][3].
Linoleic acid-d11 is the deuterium labeled Linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism [1][2].
Linoleic Acid-d4 is the deuterium labeled Linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism [1][2].
Linoleic acid- 13C18 is the 13C labeled Linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism [1][2].
Linoleic acid- 13C1 is the 13C labeled Linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism [1][2].
Linoleic Acid-d2 is the deuterium labeled Linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism .
Linoleic Acid-d5 is the deuterium labeled Linoleic acid. Linoleic acid is a common polyunsaturated (PUFA) found in plant-based oils, nuts and seeds. Linoleic acid is a part of membrane phospholipids, and functions as a structural component to maintain a certain level of membrane fluidity of the transdermal water barrier of the epidermis. Linoleic acid induces red blood cells and hemoglobin damage via oxidative mechanism .
o-Phenanthroline-d8 is the deuterium labeled o-Phenanthroline. o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline), a metal chelator, prevents the induction of chromosomal aberrations in streptozotocin-treated cells. o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline) forms a red chelate with Fe2+ that absorbs maximally at 510 nm. o-Phenanthroline (1,10-Phenanthroline) is also a MMP inhibitor[1][2].
HMGCR Antibody is an unconjugated, approximately 97 kDa, rabbit-derived, anti-HMGCR polyclonal antibody. HMGCR Antibody can be used for: ELISA, IHC-P, IHC-F, Flow-Cyt, IF expriments in human, mouse, rat, and predicted: dog, pig, cow, rabbit background without labeling.
Cy5-DBCO (DBCO-Sulfo-Cy5) is a near-infrared (NIR)red fluorescent dye with λabsand λem of 646nm and 670 nm, respectively. Cy5-DBCO (DBCO-Sulfo-Cy5) is not suitable for staining intracellular components of permeabilezed cell, it may exhibits a high background. Cy5-DBCO is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a DBCO group that can undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) with molecules containing Azide groups.
AF 594 azide is an azide derivative of the red fluorescent dye AF 594, which has high fluorescence quantum yield and high photostability (maximum absorption wavelength of 586 nm, maximum emission wavelength of 613 nm). AF 594 azide forms stable adducts by reaction of the azide group with alkynyl derivatives (terminal alkynes and cyclooctyne).
Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 azide tripotassium, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye, is an azide-functionalized Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 (Ex=678 nm, Em=694 nm). Sulfo-Cyanine5.5 azide tripotassium can react with alkynes for Click Chemistry labeling .
Cyanine5.5 alkyne chloride, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye, is an alkyne modified Cyanine5.5 (Ex=680 nm, Em=710 nm). Cyanine5.5 alkyne chloride can react with azides for Click Chemistry labeling .
SMCy5.5 is an SMCy dye used for lipid droplet labeling with a very high two-photon absorption cross-section. SMCy, unlike the well-known lipid droplet marker Nile Red, has narrow absorption and emission bands in visible light, allowing for multicolor imaging. SMCy is shown to be compatible with fixation, producing high-quality 3D images of lipid droplets in cells and tissues. The high brightness of SMCy5.5 enables efficient tracking and imaging of lipid droplet exchange between adipocytes .
Janelia Fluor 646, Tetrazine (JF646, Tetrazine) a red fluorescent dye that contains a tetrazine group. JF646, Tetrazine can be used in cellular imaging . Janelia Fluor products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Janelia Fluor? 646, Tetrazine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Cy5 Tetrazine is a water-soluble, pH-insensitive from pH 4 to pH 10, far-red-fluorescent probe with excitation ideally suited for the 633 nm or 647 nm laser lines. Its absorption and emission spactra are almost identical to those of Alexa Fluor 647, CF 647 Dye, or any other Cyanine5 based fluorescent dyes. Sulfo-Cy5-tetrazine is a click chemistry reagent, it contains a Tetrazine group that can undergo an inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction (iEDDA) with molecules containing TCO groups.
Janelia Fluor 646, Azide (JF646, Azide) is a red fluorogenic fluorescent dye containing a click chemistry group Azide. Janelia Fluor 646, Azide can be used for live-cell imaging experiments . Janelia Fluor products are licensed under U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,933,417, 10,018,624 and 10,161,932 and other patents from Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Janelia Fluor? 646, Azide is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. Strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) can also occur with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
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