Agavaceae

Silvestrol is a eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) inhibitor isolated from Agave americana Linn.. Silvestrol induces autophagy and caspase-mediated apoptosis.

Hecogenin is a steroid saponin isolated from Agave sisalana and is a selective inhibitor of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Hecogenin has a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antifungal and gastroprotective effects.

Syringaresinol is a lignan-type phytochemical with anti-inflammatory activities. Syringaresinol inhibits the NF-κB and AKT signaling pathway in IL-1β-activated mouse chondrocytes. Syringaresinol increases phosphorylation of AMPK, eNOS, and intracellular Ca²⁺ levels in HUVECs. Syringaresinol attenuates osteoarthritis progression in mice with Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus (DMM)-induced osteoarthritis. Syringaresinol can be used for the study of osteoarthritis (OA).

Loureirin B, a flavonoid extracted from Dracaena cochinchinensis, is an inhibitor of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), with an IC₅₀ of 26.10 μM; Loureirin B also inhibits K_ATP, the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, and has anti-diabetic activity.

Cochinchinenin A serves as the fundamental component responsible for the analgesic properties of Dragon's Blood.

Nordracorhodin is a quinone methide that can be found in dragon's blood resin.

4,4'-Dihydroxy-2,6-dimethoxydihydrochalcone exhibits COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activity.

Tigogenin is a steroidal sapogenins. Tigogenin can inhibit adipocytic differentiation and induce osteoblastic differentiation in mouse bone marrow stromal cells. Tigogenin can inhibit cells proliferation and induce apoptosis. Tigogenin can be used for the researches of cancer, inflammation, immunology, metabolic and cardiovascular disease, such as mammary gland carcinoma, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and atherosclerosis.

Hecogenin acetate is an orally active steroid saponin aglycone with extensive biological activities. Hecogenin acetate inhibits the phosphorylation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, antagonizes TRPA1/TRPM8 channels, inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and has anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Hecogenin acetate inhibits the production of ROS and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome; downregulates the expression of MMP-2, and has neuroprotective and anti-tumor activities. Hecogenin acetate enhances gastric mucosal defense and promotes ulcer healing. Hecogenin acetate can be used in combination with certain antibiotics to regulate bacterial efflux pumps and restore antibiotic sensitivity.

Chlorogenin is a natural product that can be isolated from the flowers of Agave americana.

(3R)-7,4’-Dihydrohomoisoflavanone is a natural product with antibacterial activities against S. aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

2,4,4'-Trihydroxydihydrochalcone is a Chalcones product that can be isolated from the resin of Dracaena draco..

Agavoside C' is a tetraglycoside, which can be isolated from concentrated agave sap. Agavoside C' exhibits antineoplastic efficacy, contributes to necrosis induction with an IC₅₀ of 108 μg/mL.

Dihydrobonducellin (compound 5) is a an immunomodulator. Dihydrobonducellin inhibits cell groth and the production of IL-2 and IFN-γ in PBMC cells.

6,6′-Didemethyl-7-methyl dragonbloodin A2 is isolated from the dragon’s blood of Daemonorops draco fruits and is a osteoclastogenesis inhibitor with IC₅₀ value of 36.8 μM_[1].

5,4'-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-6-methylflavane (compound 15) is a natural product that can be found in Chinese Dragon’s Blood.

(3R)-6,4'-Dihydroxy-8-methoxyhomoisoflavan is a natural product that can be isolated from the red resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis.

(2S)-5-Methoxyflavan-7-ol (compound 2) is a nature product that could be isolated form Dragon's blood resin.

(3R)-7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)chromane is a homoisoflavonoid. (3R)-7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)chromane increases the level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. (3R)-7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)chromane promotes mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) osteogenesis, but cannot enhance MSCs proliferation. (3R)-7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)chromane can be used for osteoporosis research.

Cinnabarone is a biflavonoid that can be isolated from dragon's blood of Dracaena cinnabari. Cinnabarone is a reducing and stabilizing agent which can be used for formation of silver nanoparticles.