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Pathways Recommended:	Autophagy

Results for "

Autophagy activator

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

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By Research Areas:	Cancer (312) Cardiovascular Disease (51) Endocrinology (21) Infection (91) Inflammation/Immunology (138) Metabolic Disease (100) Neurological Disease (134)
Oligonucleotides:	Cosolvents (1) Fillers (1) Nucleotide Analogs (1) CpG ODNs (1) Adenine Nucleotide (1) pH Modifiers (1)

407

Inhibitors & Agonists

Fluorescent Dyes

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

121

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Oligonucleotides

GMP Molecules

Targets Recommended: Autophagy AUTOTACs AUTACs Atg4 Mitophagy Atg8/LC3 ER-phagy

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-17394

Cisplatin 765+ Cited Publications cis-Platinum; CDDP; cis-Diaminodichloroplatinum	DNA Alkylator/Crosslinker Ferroptosis Autophagy Pyroptosis Lipoxygenase	Cancer
Cisplatin (CDDP) is an antineoplastic chemotherapy agent by cross-linking with DNA and causing DNA damage in cancer cells. Cisplatin activates ferroptosis and induces *autophagy* .

HY-10219

Rapamycin Maximum Cited Publications 1338 Publications Verification Sirolimus; AY-22989; NSC 226080	mTOR FKBP Fungal Autophagy Endogenous Metabolite Antibiotic Bacterial	Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Rapamycin (Sirolimus; AY 22989) is a potent and specific blood-brain barrier-transmissible mTOR inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.1 nM in HEK293 cells. Rapamycin binds to FKBP12 and specifically acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1 . Rapamycin is an *autophagy* activator, an immunosuppressant .

HY-B0627

Metformin 195+ Cited Publications 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide	AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of *autophagy*-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-15371

Forskolin 205+ Cited Publications Coleonol; Colforsin; HL 362	Organoid Adenylate Cyclase FXR Autophagy PKC	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Forskolin (Coleonol) is a potent adenylate cyclase activator with an IC₅₀ of 41 nM and an EC₅₀ of 0.5 μM for type I adenylyl cyclase . Forskolin is also an inducer of intracellular cAMP formation . Forskolin induces differentiation of various cell types and activates pregnane X receptor (PXR) and FXR . Forskolin exerts a inotropic effect on the heart, and has platelet antiaggregatory and antihypertensive actions. Forskolin also induces *autophagy* .

HY-13417

AICAR 210+ Cited Publications Acadesine; AICA Riboside	AMPK Autophagy YAP Mitophagy Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
AICAR (Acadesine) is an adenosine analog and a AMPK activator. AICAR is also an *autophagy, YAP* and mitophagy inhibitor. AICAR regulates the glucose and lipid metabolism, and inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and iNOS production. AICAR inhibits autophagy through a mechanism independent of AMPK activity .

HY-70002

Enzalutamide 210+ Cited Publications MDV3100	Androgen Receptor Autophagy	Cancer
Enzalutamide (MDV3100) is an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with an IC₅₀ of 36 nM in LNCaP prostate cells. Enzalutamide is an *autophagy* activator .

HY-13030

(+)-JQ-1 290+ Cited Publications JQ1	Epigenetic Reader Domain Autophagy Ligands for Target Protein for PROTAC	Neurological Disease Cancer
(+)-JQ-1 (JQ1), a chemical probe, is a potent, specific, CNS-penetrant and reversible BET bromodomain inhibitor, with IC₅₀s of 77 and 33 nM for the first and second bromodomain (BRD4(1/2)) . (+)-JQ-1 also activates *autophagy* .

HY-10999

Trametinib 285+ Cited Publications GSK1120212; JTP-74057	MEK Autophagy Apoptosis	Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Trametinib (GSK1120212; JTP-74057) is an orally active MEK inhibitor that inhibits MEK1 and MEK2 with IC₅₀s of about 2 nM. Trametinib activates *autophagy* and induces apoptosis, cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), used in research related to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) .

HY-B0795

MHY1485 200+ Cited Publications	mTOR Autophagy	Cancer
MHY1485 is a potent cell-permeable mTOR activator that targets the ATP domain of mTOR. MHY1485 inhibits *autophagy* by suppression of fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes .

HY-B0351

Taurine 15+ Cited Publications 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid	Autophagy Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate *autophagy* in adipocytes .

HY-17471A

Metformin hydrochloride 195+ Cited Publications 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride	AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of *autophagy*-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-13418

Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride 750+ Cited Publications Compound C dihydrochloride; BML-275 dihydrochloride	Organoid AMPK TGF-β Receptor Autophagy	Cancer
Dorsomorphin (Compound C) dihydrochloride is a potent, selective and ATP-competitive AMPK inhibitor, with a K_i of 109 nM. Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride inhibits BMP pathway by targeting the type I receptors ALK2, ALK3, and ALK6. Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride can reverse autophagy activation and anti-inflammatory effect of Urolithin A (HY-100599).

HY-17363

Dimethyl fumarate 55+ Cited Publications	Keap1-Nrf2 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) HIV Autophagy Endogenous Metabolite	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an orally active and brain-penetrant Nrf2 activator and induces upregulation of antioxidant gene expression. Dimethyl fumarate induces necroptosis in colon cancer cells through GSH depletion/ROS increase/MAPKs activation pathway, and also induces cell *autophagy*. Dimethyl fumarate can be used for multiple sclerosis research .

HY-50910

Temsirolimus 30+ Cited Publications CCI-779	mTOR Autophagy Apoptosis Bacterial	Cancer
Temsirolimus is an inhibitor of mTOR with an IC₅₀ of 1.76 μM. Temsirolimus activates *autophagy* and prevents deterioration of cardiac function in animal model .

HY-N2117

Isoginkgetin 15+ Cited Publications	MMP Akt NF-κB Proteasome Apoptosis Autophagy	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Isoginkgetin is a pre-mRNA splicing inhibitor inhibitor. Isoginkgetin also inhibits activities of both Akt, NF-κB and MMP-9. Isoginkgetin inhibits the activity of the 20S proteasome, induces apoptosis and activates *autophagy* .

HY-N0112

Dihydromyricetin 20+ Cited Publications Ampelopsin; Ampeloptin	mTOR Influenza Virus DNA/RNA Synthesis Autophagy	Infection Cancer
Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 48 μM on dihydropyrimidinase. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling. Dihydromyricetin suppresses the formation of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/2). Dihydromyricetin is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 22 μM.

HY-100973A

Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose sodium 5+ Cited Publications ADP ribose sodium	TRP Channel Autophagy	Metabolic Disease Endocrinology Cancer
Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose sodium (ADP ribose sodium) is a nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD ⁺) metabolite. Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose sodium is the most potent and primary intracellular Ca ²⁺-permeable cation TRPM2 channel activator. Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose sodium also can enhance *autophagy* .

HY-135825

TFEB activator 1 5+ Cited Publications	Autophagy	Neurological Disease
TFEB activator 1 is an orally effective, mTOR-independent activator of TFEB. TFEB activator 1 significantly promotes the nuclear translocation of Flag-TFEB with an EC₅₀ of 2167 nM. TFEB activator 1 enhances *autophagy* without inhibiting the mTOR pathway and has the potential for neurodegenerative diseases treatment .

HY-128892

EN6 5 Publications Verification	Autophagy	Neurological Disease
EN6 is a small-molecule in vivo *autophagy* activator that covalently targets cysteine 277 in the ATP6V1A subunit of the lysosomal v-ATPase. EN6-mediated modification of ATP6V1A uncouples v-ATPase from Rag, leading to inhibition of mTORC1 signalling, increased lysosomal acidification, and activation of autophagy. EN6 also scavenges TDP-43 aggregates (causative agents of frontotemporal dementia) in a lysosome-dependent manner .

HY-13417A

AICAR phosphate 210+ Cited Publications Acadesine phosphate; AICA Riboside phosphate	AMPK Autophagy YAP Mitophagy Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
AICAR phosphate (Acadesine phosphate) is an adenosine analog and a AMPK activator. AICAR phosphate regulates the glucose and lipid metabolism, and inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and iNOS production. AICAR phosphate is also an *autophagy, YAP* and mitophagy inhibitor .

HY-N6626

Pyraclostrobin 2 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Bacterial Bcl-2 Family Fungal Autophagy mTOR Beclin1 AMPK	Infection Metabolic Disease
Pyraclostrobin is a highly effective and broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide. Pyraclostrobin can induce oxidative DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and *autophagy* through the activation of AMPK/mTOR signaling. Pyraclostrobin can be used to control crop diseases .

HY-101180

C2 Ceramide 2 Publications Verification Ceramide 2	Phosphatase Mitochondrial Metabolism Apoptosis Autophagy	Metabolic Disease Endocrinology
C2 Ceramide (Ceramide 2) is the main lipid of the stratum corneum and a protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activator. C2 Ceramide activates PP2A and *ceramide-activated* protein phosphatase (CAPP). C2 Ceramide induces cells differentiation, autophagy and apoptosis, inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III**. C2 Ceramide is also a skin conditioning agent that protects the epidermal barrier from water loss .

HY-N2149

Tomatidine 5+ Cited Publications	NF-κB JNK Autophagy Endogenous Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Tomatidine acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by blocking NF-κB and JNK signaling . Tomatidine activates *autophagy* either in mammal cells or C elegans .

HY-101106

AR7 10+ Cited Publications	RAR/RXR	Neurological Disease Cancer
AR7 is an atypical RARA/RARα (retinoic acid receptor, alpha) antagonist. AR7 specifically activates *chaperone-mediated-autophagy* (CMA)** activity without affecting macroautophagy .

HY-10249

GSK-690693 40+ Cited Publications	Akt AMPK Autophagy	Cancer
GSK-690693 is an ATP-competitive pan-Akt inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 2 nM, 13 nM, 9 nM for Akt1, Akt2 and Akt3, respectively. GSK-690693 is also an AMPK inhibitor, affects Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) activity and robustly inhibits STING-dependent IRF3 activation .

HY-100548

GSK621 5+ Cited Publications	AMPK Autophagy Apoptosis	Cancer
GSK621 is a specific AMPK activator, with IC₅₀ values of 13-30 μM for AML cells. GSK621 induces *autophagy* and apoptosis. GSK621 induces eiF2α phosphorylation-a hallmark of UPR activation .

HY-148507

GSK1790627 1 Publications Verification	MEK	Cancer
GSK1790627 is the N-deacetylated metabolite of Trametinib (HY-10999). Trametinib is an orally active MEK inhibitor, and activates autophagy and induces apoptosis .

HY-110228

Metformin-d6 hydrochloride 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d6 hydrochloride	Isotope-Labeled Compounds AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Metformin-d₆ hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Metformin hydrochloride. Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of *autophagy*-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-107811

Harmol 1 Publications Verification	Autophagy α-synuclein Apoptosis Monoamine Oxidase Mitosis	Neurological Disease Cancer
Harmol is an orally active β-carboline alkaloid. Harmol is a TFEB activator and monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Harmol can induce cell mitosis, *Autophagy* and Apoptosis. Harmol promotes the degradation of α-synuclein by regulating the *autophagy-lysosomal* pathway. Harmol has anti-tumor, anti-depressant and anti-aging activities. Harmol improves motor impairment in a mouse Parkinson's disease model .

HY-B1839

Fluazinam	Environmental Pollutants JNK Fungal p38 MAPK Bcl-2 Family Caspase Autophagy Apoptosis	Infection
Fluazinam is an orally active dinitroaniline fungicide. Fluazinam induces phosphorylation of JNK, activates p38 pathway, decreases Bcl-2, activates caspase-3, decreases complex I activity, increases *Autophagy* and Apoptosis. Fluazinam has strong antifungal activity against F. fujikuroi and B. maydis. Fluazinam has a negative impact on Brachydanio rerio and worker bees .

HY-N0538

Xylitol Xylite	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial Autophagy Atg7 Atg8/LC3	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Xylitol can be classified as a polyol and sugar alcohol, exhibiting inhibitory activity on cancer cell proliferation. It induces autophagy (Autophagy) and cell death in A549 cells by activating the autophagy signaling pathway, as evidenced by the increased expression of LC3-II and Atg5-Atg12 upon Xylitol treatment. Additionally, Xylitol inhibits acetaldehyde production by Candida species, thereby reducing their carcinogenic potential. In vivo, Xylitol induces alterations in the gut microbiota of mice, which may enhance cholesterol accumulation and upregulate hepatic ChREBP, while also slowing tumor growth in the B16F10 melanoma C57BL/6 mouse model .

HY-10162R

Olaparib (Standard) AZD2281 (Standard); KU0059436 (Standard)	Reference Standards PARP Autophagy Mitophagy	Cancer
Olaparib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Olaparib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Olaparib (AZD2281; KU0059436) is a potent and orally active PARP inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 5 and 1 nM for PARP1 and PARP2, respectively. Olaparib is an *autophagy* and mitophagy activator .

HY-101923

LYN-1604 5+ Cited Publications	ULK Autophagy Apoptosis	Cancer
LYN-1604 is a potent UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) activator (EC₅₀=18.94 nM) for the research of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) .

HY-100973

Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose 5+ Cited Publications ADP ribose	TRP Channel Autophagy	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose (ADP ribose) is a nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD ⁺) metabolite. Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose is the most potent and primary intracellular Ca ²⁺-permeable cation TRPM2 channel activator. Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose also can enhance *autophagy* .

HY-N0914

Ajugol 3 Publications Verification	Parasite Autophagy Interleukin Related Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) mTOR	Infection Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Ajugol is an orally active iridoid glycoside found in the traditional Chinese medicine Leonurus japonicus. Ajugol is an *autophagy* activator. Ajugol activates TFEB-mediated autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. Ajugol also has anti-inflammatory effects. Ajugol has great potential in the research of asthma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and osteoarthritis .

HY-115453

UBCS039 15+ Cited Publications	Sirtuin Autophagy	Cancer
UBCS039 is the first synthetic, specific Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) activator, inducing autophagy in human tumor cells, with an EC₅₀ of 38 μM .

HY-101923B

LYN-1604 dihydrochloride 5+ Cited Publications	ULK Autophagy Apoptosis	Cancer
LYN-1604 dihydrochloride is a potent UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) activator (EC₅₀=18.94 nM) for the research of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) .

HY-70002R

Enzalutamide (Standard) MDV3100 (Standard)	Reference Standards Androgen Receptor Autophagy	Cancer
Enzalutamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Enzalutamide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Enzalutamide (MDV3100) is an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist with an IC₅₀ of 36 nM in LNCaP prostate cells. Enzalutamide is an *autophagy* activator .

HY-13417R

AICAR (Standard) Acadesine (Standard); AICA Riboside (Standard)	Reference Standards AMPK Autophagy YAP Mitophagy Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
AICAR (Standard) is the analytical standard of AICAR. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. AICAR (Acadesine) is an adenosine analog and a AMPK activator. AICAR regulates the glucose and lipid metabolism, and inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and iNOS production. AICAR is also an *autophagy, YAP* and mitophagy inhibitor .

HY-B0351S

Taurine-d4 1 Publications Verification 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid-d₄	Autophagy Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Taurine-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Taurine. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes .

HY-N2149A

Tomatidine hydrochloride 5+ Cited Publications	NF-κB JNK Autophagy Endogenous Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Tomatidine hydrochloride acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by blocking NF-κB and JNK signaling . Tomatidine hydrochloride activates *autophagy* either in mammal cells or C elegans .

HY-N0905

Ginsenoside Rh4	Bcl-2 Family Caspase Apoptosis Autophagy Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
Ginsenoside Rh4 is a rare saponin obtained from Panax notoginseng. Ginsenoside Rh4 activates Bax, caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9. Ginsenoside Rh4 also induces *autophagy*.

HY-Y0152

Cinchonine 5 Publications Verification (8R,9S)-Cinchonine; LA40221	Apoptosis Parasite Autophagy Caspase Calcium Channel	Others Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Cinchonine is a natural compound present in Cinchona bark with antimalarial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti platelet-aggregation and anti-obesity properties. Cinchonine inhibits cells proliferation and *autophagy* and induces apoptosis through activation of Caspase-3. Cinchonine activates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells .

HY-10219S

Rapamycin-d3 1 Publications Verification Sirolimus-d₃; AY-22989-d₃; NSC 226080-d₃	Isotope-Labeled Compounds mTOR FKBP Autophagy	Cancer
Rapamycin-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Rapamycin. Rapamycin is a potent and specific mTOR inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.1 nM in HEK293 cells. Rapamycin binds to FKBP12 and specifically acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1. Rapamycin is an *autophagy* activator, an immunosuppressant .

HY-14266

Dapivirine 2 Publications Verification TMC120; R147681	HIV Reverse Transcriptase Apoptosis Autophagy	Infection
Dapivirine (TMC120), the prototype of diarylpyrimidines (DAPY), is an orally active and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Dapivirine (TMC120) binds directly to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Dapivirine (TMC120) regulates autophagy and induced Akt, Bad and SAPK/JNK activations .

HY-N6872

Actein	JNK Akt Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Cancer
Actein, a triterpene glycoside, shows an inhibitory effect on cancer cells, which is isolated from the rhizomes of Cimicifuga foetida. Actein suppresses cell proliferation, induces *autophagy* and apoptosis through promoting ROS/JNK activation, and blunting AKT pathway in bladder cancer. Actein has little toxicity in vivo .

HY-N10093

Chamaejasmine Chamaejasmin	Apoptosis AMPK Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Cancer
Chamaejasmine is a biflavonoid that can be isolated from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme L. Chamaejasmine has antitumor activity. Chamaejasmine induces cell apoptosis, *autophagy* and ROS production, and activates the activity of AMPK/mTOR signal pathway .

HY-103238

RSVA405 1 Publications Verification	AMPK STAT Autophagy	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
RSVA405 is a potent, orally active activator of AMPK, with an EC₅₀ of 1 μM. RSVA405 facilitates CaMKKβ-dependent activation of AMPK, inhibits mTOR, and promotes *autophagy* to increase Aβ degradation. RSVA405 has anti-inflammatory effects through the inhibition of STAT3 function. RSVA405 can also be used for the research of obesity .

HY-10999R

Trametinib (Standard) GSK1120212 (Standard); JTP-74057 (Standard)	Reference Standards MEK Autophagy Apoptosis	Cancer
Trametinib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Trametinib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Trametinib (GSK1120212; JTP-74057) is an orally active MEK inhibitor that inhibits MEK1 and MEK2 with IC₅₀s of about 2 nM. Trametinib activates *autophagy* and induces apoptosis .

HY-N1244

Sarmentosin Sarmentosine; Sarmentosine (glycoside)	Keap1-Nrf2 mTOR Apoptosis	Cancer
Sarmentosin is an activator of Nrf2. Sarmentosin inhibits mTOR signaling and induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis in human HCC cells .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-10219G

Rapamycin

Sirolimus; AY-22989; NSC 226080

Fluorescent Dyes

Rapamycin (Sirolimus) (GMP) is Rapamycin (HY-10219) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Rapamycin (Sirolimus; AY 22989) is a potent and specific mTOR inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.1 nM in HEK293 cells. Rapamycin binds to FKBP12 and specifically acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1 . Rapamycin is an autophagy activator, an immunosuppressant .

HY-10219GL

Rapamycin (GMP Like)

Sirolimus (GMP Like); AY-22989 (GMP Like); NSC 226080 (GMP Like)

Fluorescent Dyes

Rapamycin (Sirolimus) GMP Like is Rapamycin (HY-10219) produced by using GMP like guidelines. GMP Like small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Rapamycin (Sirolimus; AY 22989) is a potent and specific mTOR inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.1 nM in HEK293 cells. Rapamycin binds to FKBP12 and specifically acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1 . Rapamycin is an autophagy activator, an immunosuppressant .

HY-15371G

Forskolin

Coleonol; Colforsin; HL 362

Fluorescent Dyes

Forskolin (Coleonol) (GMP) is a potent adenylate cyclase activator with an IC₅₀ of 41 nM and an EC₅₀ of 0.5 μM for type I adenylyl cyclase . Forskolin (GMP) is also an inducer of intracellular cAMP formation . Forskolin (GMP) induces differentiation of various cell types and activates pregnane X receptor (PXR) and FXR . Forskolin (GMP) exerts a inotropic effect on the heart, and has platelet antiaggregatory and antihypertensive actions. Forskolin (GMP) also induces autophagy .

HY-D2438

CDDP-PEG-Cy3

Fluorescent Dyes

CDDP-PEG-Cy3 is a CDDP-PEG conjugate labeled with Cy3 (HY-D0822). The Cy3 fluorophore is commonly used in applications such as immunolabeling, nucleic acid labeling, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. The maximum emission wavelength of Cy3 is approximately 562-570 nm. Cisplatin (CDDP) (HY-17394) is an antineoplastic chemotherapy agent by cross-linking with DNA and causing DNA damage in cancer cells. Cisplatin activates ferroptosis and induces autophagy .

HY-13259G

MG-132

Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al

Fluorescent Dyes

MG-132 (GMP) (Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al (GMP)) is MG-132 (HY-13259) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. MG-132 (Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al) is a potent proteasome and calpain inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 100 nM and 1.2 μM, respectively. MG-132 effectively blocks the proteolytic activity of the 26S proteasome complex. MG-132, a peptide aldehyde, also is an autophagy activator. MG-132 also induces apoptosis .

HY-D2422B

Cy5-Paclitaxel

Fluorescent Dyes

Cy5-Paclitaxel is a Cyanine5 carboxylic acid bromide (HY-D1319) labeled Paclitaxel (HY-B0015) conjugate. Cyanine5 carboxylic acid bromide is a fluorescent dye containing a non-activated carboxylic acid (Ex=646 nm, Em=662 nm) that can be used for molecular labeling and microscopy imaging. Paclitaxel stabilizes tubulin polymerization. Paclitaxel can cause both mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. Paclitaxel also induces autophagy .

HY-D2422C

Cy5-Paclitaxel bromide

Fluorescent Dyes

Cy5-Paclitaxel bromide is the bromide of Cy5-Paclitaxel (HY-D2422B). Cy5-Paclitaxel is a Cyanine5 carboxylic acid bromide (HY-D1319) labeled Paclitaxel (HY-B0015) conjugate. Cyanine5 carboxylic acid bromide is a fluorescent dye containing a non-activated carboxylic acid (Ex=646 nm, Em=662 nm) that can be used for molecular labeling and microscopy imaging. Paclitaxel stabilizes tubulin polymerization. Paclitaxel can cause both mitotic arrest and apoptotic cell death. Paclitaxel also induces autophagy .

HY-12292G

IM-12

Fluorescent Dyes

IM-12 GMP is IM-12 (HY-12292) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. IM-12 is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent that targets and inhibits the NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways. IM-12 activates the Wnt signaling pathway and promotes the nuclear translocation of β-catenin by inhibiting GSK3β, while also blocking the tyrosine kinase activity of p210BCR/ABL. IM-12 reduces the levels of IL-6, IL-17, NO, prostaglandin E2, iNOS and COX-2, and induces ER stress, Ca ²⁺ release, autophagy and apoptosis. IM-12 is heat-sensitive and does not induce autophagy in IM-resistant p210BCR/ABL ^T315I mutant cells. IM-12 is also a component of the 5iLA medium used for naive pluripotent stem cell research. IM-12 has been applied in studies related to carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced hind paw edema, TNBS-induced colitis, and acute and chronic myeloid leukemia .

HY-N0565AG

Doxycycline (hydrochloride)

Fluorescent Dyes

Doxycycline hydrochloride GMP is Doxycycline (hydrochloride) (HY-N0565A) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Doxycycline hydrochloride is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline hydrochloride is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline hydrochloride also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline hydrochloride induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline hydrochloride also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline hydrochloride has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-B1773A

Sodium propionate

3 Publications Verification

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Sodium propionate is an orally active short-chain fatty acid. Sodium propionate can be produced by intestinal bacteria from the metabolism of dietary fiber. Sodium propionate increases PPAR-γ, inhibits NF-κB activation, and reduces COX-2 expression and NO production. Sodium propionate also induces Apoptosis and Autophagy. Sodium propionate reduces HSV-1-induced keratitis. Sodium propionate has anticancer effects against glioblastoma. Sodium propionate exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Sodium propionate can be used in the research of spinal cord injury and Alzheimer's disease .

HY-W016412

Coenzyme Q0

2 Publications Verification

CoQ0

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0) is a potent, oral active ubiquinone compound can be derived from Antrodia cinnamomea. Coenzyme Q0 induces apoptosis and autophagy, suppresses of HER-2/AKT/mTOR signaling to potentiate the apoptosis and autophagy mechanisms. Coenzyme Q0 regulates NFκB/AP-1 activation and enhances Nrf2 stabilization in attenuation of inflammation and redox imbalance. Coenzyme Q0 has anti-angiogenic activity through downregulation of MMP-9/NF-κB and upregulation of HO-1 signaling .

HY-10219G

Rapamycin

Sirolimus; AY-22989; NSC 226080

Biochemical Assay Reagents

HY-10219GL

Rapamycin (GMP Like)

Sirolimus (GMP Like); AY-22989 (GMP Like); NSC 226080 (GMP Like)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

HY-15371G

Forskolin

Coleonol; Colforsin; HL 362

Biochemical Assay Reagents

HY-NP131

Recombinant Humanized Type III Collagen (10.4kDa)	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Recombinant Humanized Type III Collagen 10.4kDa is a novel biomaterial that have anticancer effects. Recombinant Humanized Type III Collagen 10.4kDa activates discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1), and thus inhibits *autophagy, proliferation, and migration of cancer cells, and induces apoptosis* .

HY-13259G

MG-132

Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al

Biochemical Assay Reagents

HY-W441002R

DSPE-succinic acid (Standard)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Taurine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Taurine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes .

HY-B1773AR

Sodium propionate (Standard)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Sodium propionate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sodium propionate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sodium propionate is an orally active short-chain fatty acid. Sodium propionate can be produced by intestinal bacteria from the metabolism of dietary fiber. Sodium propionate increases PPAR-γ, inhibits NF-κB activation, and reduces COX-2 expression and NO production. Sodium propionate also induces Apoptosis and Autophagy. Sodium propionate reduces HSV-1-induced keratitis. Sodium propionate has anticancer effects against glioblastoma. Sodium propionate exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Sodium propionate can be used in the research of spinal cord injury and Alzheimer's disease .

HY-12292G

IM-12

Biochemical Assay Reagents

HY-N0565AG

Doxycycline (hydrochloride)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-114118

Semaglutide Maximum Cited Publications 35 Publications Verification	GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-W142080

α-Methyl-DL-tryptophan α-Methyltryptophan	mTOR Autophagy Apoptosis Amino Acid Derivatives	Metabolic Disease Cancer
α-Methyl-DL-tryptophan (α-Methyltryptophan), a tryptophan derivative, is a selective SLC6A14 blocker. In estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells, α-Methyl-DL-tryptophan inhibits mTOR and activates *autophagy* and apoptosis. α-Methyl-DL-tryptophan also has the effect of reducing weight .

HY-114118B

Semaglutide acetate Maximum Cited Publications 35 Publications Verification	GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide acetate is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide acetate promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide acetate also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide acetate has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide acetate can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-114118A

Semaglutide TFA Maximum Cited Publications 35 Publications Verification	GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide TFA is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide TFA promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide TFA also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide TFA has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide TFA can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-114118CP

Semaglutide (crude)	GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide (crude) is the crude form of Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances *Autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and Apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein* aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-114118S1

Semaglutide-d8 tetraTFA	Isotope-Labeled Compounds GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide-d₈ tetraTFA is the deuterium labeled Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-114118S

Semaglutide-d8	Isotope-Labeled Compounds GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide-d₈ is the deuterium labeled Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-P10323

T7 Peptide Tumstatin (74-98), human	Integrin FAK mTOR Apoptosis	Cancer
T7 Peptide is a protein synthesis inhibitor and anti-angiogenic agent, with a K_d of 10 nM for human transferrin receptor. T7 Peptide inhibits the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt, the kinase activity of mTOR, as well as the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 in endothelial cells. T7 Peptide induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and protective autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and suppresses tumor growth in mouse models. T7 Peptide is applicable to research related to cancer, glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and glioma .

HY-P10323A

T7 Peptide TFA Tumstatin (74-98), human TFA	Integrin FAK mTOR Apoptosis	Cancer
T7 Peptide TFA is a protein synthesis inhibitor and anti-angiogenic agent, with a K_d of 10 nM for human transferrin receptor. T7 Peptide TFA inhibits the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt, the kinase activity of mTOR, as well as the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 in endothelial cells. T7 Peptide TFA induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and protective autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and suppresses tumor growth in mouse models. T7 Peptide TFA is applicable to research related to cancer, glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and glioma .

HY-P5984

Thioether-cyclized helix B peptide, CHBP	mTOR	Others
Thioether-cyclized helix B peptide, CHBP can improve metabolic stability and renoprotective effect through inducing *autophagy* via inhibition of mTORC1 and activation of mTORC2 .

HY-P10343

Soybean peptide QRPR	Autophagy	Inflammation/Immunology
Soybean peptide QRPR is an agonist of *Autophagy. Soybean peptide QRPR activates* cellular autophagy by upregulating the expression and activity of PIK3, AKT, and mTOR. Soybean peptide QRPR can reduce the inflammatory response .

HY-P5984A

Thioether-cyclized helix B peptide, CHBP TFA	mTOR	Others
Thioether-cyclized helix B peptide, CHBP (TFA) is the TFA form of Thioether-cyclized helix B peptide, CHBP (HY-P5984). Thioether-cyclized helix B peptide, CHBP (TFA) can improve metabolic stability and renoprotective effect through inducing *autophagy* via inhibition of mTORC1 and activation of mTORC2 .

HY-P10914

D-CopA3	MDM-2/p53 Autophagy	Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
D-CopA3 is the inhibitor for MDM2 and the activator for p53 signaling pathway. D-CopA3 exhibits cytotoxicity in colorectal cancer cells HCT-116, LoVo, and RKO (IC₅₀=15-18 μM), induces JNK/Beclin-1 mediated *autophagy. D-CopA3 downregulates the expression of cell cycle inhibitory protein p21Cip1/Waf1, enhances the mucosal barrier function and reduces penetration of inflammatory mediators. D-CopA3 exhibits anti-inflammtory activity in mouse C. difficile* toxin A-induced acute enteritis models and DSS (HY-116282)-induced chronic colitis models. D-CopA3 exhibits antitumor efficacy in mouse HCT-116 xenograft models .

HY-P11656

α-Neoendorphin (porcine)	mTOR Beclin1 Autophagy Atg8/LC3 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) MMP p38 MAPK PERK JNK Collagen	Inflammation/Immunology
α-Neoendorphin porcine is a peptide. α-Neoendorphin porcine effectively alleviates UVB-induced skin photoaging via activating mTOR-Beclin-1-mediated *autophagy, reducing UVB-triggered ROS* production, inhibiting the MAPK pathway and MMP activity, and promoting type I procollagen synthesis. α-Neoendorphin porcine exerts anti-aging and anti-wrinkle effects on skin cells. α-Neoendorphin porcine can be used in studies related to skin photoaging .

HY-114118C

Semaglutide sodium	GLP Receptor Insulin Receptor α-synuclein Apoptosis p38 MAPK Autophagy Bcl-2 Family	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Semaglutide sodium is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide sodium promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances *autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide sodium also regulates mitochondrial* function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide sodium has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide sodium can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-10219

Rapamycin Maximum Cited Publications 1338 Publications Verification Sirolimus; AY-22989; NSC 226080	Structural Classification Microorganisms Anti-inflammation/Immunoregulatory Macrolide Antibiotics Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Anti-aging Disease Research Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	mTOR FKBP Fungal Autophagy Endogenous Metabolite Antibiotic Bacterial
Rapamycin (Sirolimus; AY 22989) is a potent and specific blood-brain barrier-transmissible mTOR inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.1 nM in HEK293 cells. Rapamycin binds to FKBP12 and specifically acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1 . Rapamycin is an *autophagy* activator, an immunosuppressant .

HY-15371

Forskolin 205+ Cited Publications Coleonol; Colforsin; HL 362	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Labiatae Metabolic Disease Diterpenoids Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Endocrinology Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. Source Classification	Organoid Adenylate Cyclase FXR Autophagy PKC
Forskolin (Coleonol) is a potent adenylate cyclase activator with an IC₅₀ of 41 nM and an EC₅₀ of 0.5 μM for type I adenylyl cyclase . Forskolin is also an inducer of intracellular cAMP formation . Forskolin induces differentiation of various cell types and activates pregnane X receptor (PXR) and FXR . Forskolin exerts a inotropic effect on the heart, and has platelet antiaggregatory and antihypertensive actions. Forskolin also induces *autophagy* .

HY-13417

AICAR 210+ Cited Publications Acadesine; AICA Riboside	Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	AMPK Autophagy YAP Mitophagy Endogenous Metabolite
AICAR (Acadesine) is an adenosine analog and a AMPK activator. AICAR is also an *autophagy, YAP* and mitophagy inhibitor. AICAR regulates the glucose and lipid metabolism, and inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and iNOS production. AICAR inhibits autophagy through a mechanism independent of AMPK activity .

HY-B0351

Taurine 15+ Cited Publications 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Autophagy Endogenous Metabolite
Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate *autophagy* in adipocytes .

HY-17363

Dimethyl fumarate 55+ Cited Publications	Infection Natural Products Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Keap1-Nrf2 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) HIV Autophagy Endogenous Metabolite
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an orally active and brain-penetrant Nrf2 activator and induces upregulation of antioxidant gene expression. Dimethyl fumarate induces necroptosis in colon cancer cells through GSH depletion/ROS increase/MAPKs activation pathway, and also induces cell *autophagy*. Dimethyl fumarate can be used for multiple sclerosis research .

HY-N0176

Dihydroartemisinin 40+ Cited Publications Dihydroqinghaosu; β-Dihydroartemisinin; Artenimol	Infection Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Artemisia carvifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb. Plants Compositae Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Parasite NF-κB Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Drug Metabolite
Dihydroartemisinin is an orally active metabolite of rtemisinin (HY-B0094) and antimalarial agent. Dihydroartemisinin induces *Autophagy* by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Dihydroartemisinin promotes ROS accumulation. Dihydroartemisinin exhibits anticancer activity in esophageal cancer cells. Dihydroartemisinin shows schistosomicidal activity against juvenile and adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum, reduces worm burden, and displays antiparasitic activity. Dihydroartemisinin can be used in research related to multiple myeloma, promyelocytic leukemia, esophageal cancer, and Schistosoma japonicum infection .

HY-N2117

Isoginkgetin 15+ Cited Publications	Flavonoids Ginkgoaceae Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Plants Biflavones Ginkgo biloba Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	MMP Akt NF-κB Proteasome Apoptosis Autophagy
Isoginkgetin is a pre-mRNA splicing inhibitor inhibitor. Isoginkgetin also inhibits activities of both Akt, NF-κB and MMP-9. Isoginkgetin inhibits the activity of the 20S proteasome, induces apoptosis and activates *autophagy* .

HY-N0112

Dihydromyricetin 20+ Cited Publications Ampelopsin; Ampeloptin	Infection Flavanonols Structural Classification Flavonoids other families Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	mTOR Influenza Virus DNA/RNA Synthesis Autophagy
Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 48 μM on dihydropyrimidinase. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling. Dihydromyricetin suppresses the formation of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/2). Dihydromyricetin is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 22 μM.

HY-N0484

Liensinine 15+ Cited Publications	Cardiovascular Disease Alkaloids Structural Classification other families Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Plants Disease Research Fields Alkaloid Dimers Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Autophagy Apoptosis VEGFR JAK Amyloid-β p38 MAPK HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase STAT PI3K JNK Akt
Liensinine is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid. By inhibiting the PI3K/AKT and JNK/p38-MAPK signaling pathways, Liensinine suppresses *autophagy* and apoptosis, clears Aβ, and exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. Liensinine activates AMPK and inhibits the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF, thereby suppressing angiogenesis. Liensinine exerts anti-tumor effects through ROS-mediated inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Liensinine can be used for the research of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, osteosarcoma, sepsis-induced organ injury and stroke .

HY-N0047

Polyphyllin I 5 Publications Verification	Liliaceae Classification of Application Fields Paris polyphylla Smith Plants Disease Research Fields Saccharides Steroids Cancer	JNK mTOR Akt PDK-1 Autophagy Apoptosis
Polyphyllin I is a bioactive constituent extracted from Paris polyphylla, has strong anti-tumor activity. Polyphyllin I is an activator of the JNK signaling pathway and is an inhibitor of PDK1/Akt/mTOR signaling. Polyphyllin I induces *autophagy, G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis* .

HY-B1232

Metyrapone 10+ Cited Publications Su-4885	Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Pyridine Alkaloids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Endocrinology Source Classification Cancer	Endogenous Metabolite Cytochrome P450 Autophagy
Metyrapone (Su-4885) is a potent and orally active 11β-hydroxylase inhibitor and an *autophagy* activator, also inhibits the production of aldosterone. Metyrapone inhibits synthesis of endogenous adrenal corticosteroid, decreases glucocorticoid levels, and also affects behavior and emotion. In addition, Metyrapone increases the efficiency of autophagic process via downregulation of mTOR pathway, and interacts with Pseudomonas putida cytochrome P-450. Metyrapone can be used for researching Cushing's syndrome and depression .

HY-18980

Rottlerin 20+ Cited Publications Mallotoxin; NSC 56346; NSC 94525	Structural Classification Chalcones Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Euphorbiaceae Plants Disease Research Fields Mallotus philippensis Source Classification Cancer	PKC Autophagy Apoptosis HIV RABV
Rottlerin, a natural product purified from Mallotus Philippinensis, is a specific PKC inhibitor, with IC₅₀ values for PKCδ of 3-6 μM, PKCα,β,γ of 30-42 μM, PKCε,η,ζ of 80-100 μM. Rottlerin acts as a direct mitochondrial uncoupler, and stimulates autophagy by targeting a signaling cascade upstream of mTORC1. Rottlerin induces apoptosis via caspase 3 activation . Rottlerin inhibits HIV-1 integration and Rabies virus (RABV) infection .

HY-N9481

Lipoteichoic acid 1 Publications Verification	Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Complement System Autophagy mTOR Akt PI3K ERK Interleukin Related
Lipoteichoic acid is an orally effect anti-inflammatory and antitumor agent. Lipoteichoic acid is a crucial immune molecule in Gram-positive bacteria that activates the complement system by inducing C3 and inhibiting CD55. Lipoteichoic acid regulates macrophage autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Lipoteichoic acid induces lung damage in mice. Lipoteichoic acid inhibits the production of melanin .

HY-N3005

Britannin 1 Publications Verification	Phyllodium pulchellum (L.) Desv. Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Plants Compositae Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Apoptosis Autophagy NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Pyroptosis
Britannin is an NLRP3 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3.630 μM, exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity. Britannin inhibits the activation and assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome by blocking the interaction between NLRP3 and NEK7. Additionally, Britannin demonstrates antitumor activity by inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells through blocking the interaction between HIF-1α and Myc, thereby suppressing PD-L1 expression and enhancing cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. Britannin can also induce apoptosis and autophagy in liver cancer cells by activating ROS-regulated AMPK. Britannin holds promise for research in the fields of anti-inflammatory and antitumor therapeutics .

HY-N0568

Madecassoside 3 Publications Verification Asiaticoside A	Triterpenes Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Other Diseases Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Umbelliferae Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis Autophagy Keap1-Nrf2 p38 MAPK Caspase
Madecassoside is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Centella asiatica and has anti-inflammatory properties. Antioxidant and anti-aging effects. Madecassoside is a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Centella asiatica. Madecassoside is orally active and has inhibitory properties against inflammation, oxidation, apoptosis and autophagy. Madecassosid inhibits activities of p38 MAPK and NF-kB , exhibits an anti-apopototic property, activates Nrf2 expression to reduce the neurotoxicity . Madecassoside can be used in endocrine diseases, cardiovascular diseases, skin diseases and other diseases.

HY-13417A

AICAR phosphate 210+ Cited Publications Acadesine phosphate; AICA Riboside phosphate	Alkaloids Animals Classification of Application Fields Other Alkaloids Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	AMPK Autophagy YAP Mitophagy Endogenous Metabolite
AICAR phosphate (Acadesine phosphate) is an adenosine analog and a AMPK activator. AICAR phosphate regulates the glucose and lipid metabolism, and inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and iNOS production. AICAR phosphate is also an *autophagy, YAP* and mitophagy inhibitor .

HY-N1462

Atractyloside potassium salt 4 Publications Verification	Cardiovascular Disease Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub. Diterpenoids Plants Compositae Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Chloride Channel Autophagy mTOR AMPK
Atractyloside potassium salt is a powerful and specific inhibitor of mitochondrial ADP/ATP transport. Atractyloside potassium salt inhibits chloride channels from mitochondrial membranes of rat heart. Atractyloside potassium salt activates *autophagy, inhibits ANT2, mTOR* and promotes the activation of p-AMPK. Atractyloside potassium salt has anti-cancer effects on non-small cell lung cancer and can inhibit liver steatosis. Atractylodesin potassium salt has nephrotoxicity .

HY-N0535

(+)-Magnoflorine chloride 1 Publications Verification Magnoflorine chloride; α-Magnoflorine chloride; Thalictrine chloride	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Plants Aristolochiaceae Infection Alkaloids Piperidine Alkaloids other families Aristolochia debilis Sieb. et Zucc. Phenols Polyphenols Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Fungal Autophagy Apoptosis PINK1/Parkin NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Caspase JNK NF-κB Sirtuin AMPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
(+)-Magnoflorine (α-Magnoflorine) chloride is an orally active aporphine alkaloid with multiple biological activities. (+)-Magnoflorine chloride promotes Parkin/PINK1-mediated mitochondrial *autophagy, inhibits the activation* of NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, regulates the intestinal microbiota, and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. (+)-Magnoflorine chloride inhibits JNK and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, activates Sirt1/AMPK pathway, alleviates neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Magnoflorine chloride upregulates miR-410-3p, inhibits HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, and has anti-tumor activity. (+)-Magnoflorine chloride also has significant antifungal activity .

HY-N2149

Tomatidine 5+ Cited Publications	Cardiovascular Disease Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Pyridine Alkaloids Solanum lycopersicum L. Solanaceae Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	NF-κB JNK Autophagy Endogenous Metabolite
Tomatidine acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by blocking NF-κB and JNK signaling . Tomatidine activates *autophagy* either in mammal cells or C elegans .

HY-N10546

Ganglioside GM1	Structural Classification Natural Products Animals	iGluR Trk Receptor ERK Apoptosis Autophagy
Ganglioside GM1 is a type of glycosphingolipid, mainly found on the cell membranes of the central nervous system of vertebrates. Ganglioside GM1 exerts neuroprotective effects by reducing excessive activation of NMDAR, activating TrkA and ERK1/2, and inhibiting oxidative stress and cell apoptosis and *autophagy*. Ganglioside GM1 can be used in the research of diseases such as traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease .

HY-N0753

Eupalinolide B	Classification of Application Fields Melilotus albus Desr. Terpenoids Sesquiterpenes Plants Compositae Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) GSK-3 β-catenin MAP3K JNK NF-κB p38 MAPK
Eupalinolide B is a germ sesquiterpene. Eupalinolide B can be isolated from Eupatorium lindleyanum. Eupalinolide B induces Apoptosis, elevates ROS, promotes *Autophagy. regulates GSK-3β/β-catenin, targets UBE2D3* and TAK1, activates ROS-ER-JNK, inhibits NF-κB and MAPKs. Eupalinolide B has anticancer activity against pancreatic cancer and liver cancer. Eupalinolide B relieves rheumatoid arthritis, acute lung injury, periodontitis, depression .

HY-107811

Harmol 1 Publications Verification	Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Peganum harmala Linn. Pyridine Alkaloids Plants Endogenous metabolite Indole Alkaloids Alkaloids Monophenols Zygophyllaceae Phenols Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Autophagy α-synuclein Apoptosis Monoamine Oxidase Mitosis
Harmol is an orally active β-carboline alkaloid. Harmol is a TFEB activator and monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Harmol can induce cell mitosis, *Autophagy* and Apoptosis. Harmol promotes the degradation of α-synuclein by regulating the *autophagy-lysosomal* pathway. Harmol has anti-tumor, anti-depressant and anti-aging activities. Harmol improves motor impairment in a mouse Parkinson's disease model .

HY-N0538

Xylitol Xylite	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Saccharides Monosaccharides Source Classification Cancer	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial Autophagy Atg7 Atg8/LC3
Xylitol can be classified as a polyol and sugar alcohol, exhibiting inhibitory activity on cancer cell proliferation. It induces autophagy (Autophagy) and cell death in A549 cells by activating the autophagy signaling pathway, as evidenced by the increased expression of LC3-II and Atg5-Atg12 upon Xylitol treatment. Additionally, Xylitol inhibits acetaldehyde production by Candida species, thereby reducing their carcinogenic potential. In vivo, Xylitol induces alterations in the gut microbiota of mice, which may enhance cholesterol accumulation and upregulate hepatic ChREBP, while also slowing tumor growth in the B16F10 melanoma C57BL/6 mouse model .

HY-N1163

Tetrahydroalstonine (-)-Tetrahydroalstonine	Apocynaceae Alkaloids Plants Indole Alkaloids Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Source Classification	Adrenergic Receptor Atg8/LC3 Akt mTOR
Tetrahydroalstonine ((-)-Tetrahydroalstonine) is an indole alkaloid and a selective α₂-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Tetrahydroalstonine exhibits certain neuroprotective effects. Tetrahydroalstonine can regulate autophagy-lysosomal function by activating the Akt/mTOR pathway, significantly reducing OGD/R-induced primary cortical neuronal injury .

HY-N1458

Isoschaftoside 1 Publications Verification	Classification of Application Fields Flavones Plants Desmodium uncinatum DC. Infection Flavonoids other families Leguminosae Phenols Polyphenols Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Parasite Autophagy p62 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Isoschaftoside, a C-glycosylflavonoid from Desmodium uncinatum root exudate, can inhibit the growth of germinated S. hermonthica radicles. Isoschaftoside reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces proliferation in senescent cells. Isoschaftoside activates *autophagy*. Isoschaftoside can be used for anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihypertensive, hepatoprotective and nematicidal study .

HY-N0806

Sweroside 3 Publications Verification	Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Labiatae Lespedeza tomentosa (Thunb.) Siebold ex Maxim. Phenols Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields	Keap1-Nrf2 AMPK Sirtuin NF-κB NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Pyroptosis Apoptosis Autophagy PARP
Sweroside is an iridoid glycoside that targets multiple targets, including the Keap1/Nrf2 axis, NLRP3 inflammasome, SIRT1, NF-κB, AMPK/mTOR pathway, and caspase family. Sweroside promotes Nrf2 nuclear translocation by competitively binding to Keap1. Sweroside also inhibits oxidative stress and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis by activating Nrf2, inhibits NF-κB inflammatory pathway by activating SIRT1, and promotes *autophagy* and induces caspase-dependent apoptosis via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Sweroside has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and lipid metabolism regulating activities, and can be used in the research of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, leukemia, acute lung injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and other fields .

HY-N12060

Ginkgo biloba extract	Structural Classification Natural Products Ginkgoaceae Plants Ginkgo biloba Source Classification	Bcl-2 Family Caspase Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Akt JNK ERK
Ginkgo biloba extract is a natural product that can be isolated from Ginkgo biloba leaves . Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis (Apoptosis) by stabilizing mitochondrial function, regulating Bcl-2 family proteins and inhibiting caspase activation. Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates testicular injury by upregulating SKP2 and inhibiting Beclin1-independent autophagy (Autophagy) . Ginkgo biloba extract alleviates various types of neuronal damage in animal models. Ginkgo biloba extract reduces behavioral sensitization in rats. Ginkgo biloba extract counteracts Aβ-induced neurotoxicity by blocking a series of Aβ-triggered events, including glucose uptake, ROS accumulation, AKT activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, JNK and ERK 1/2 pathways, and apoptosis, and also interferes with the formation of Aβ oligomers. Ginkgo biloba extract is applicable to research related to cerebral hypoperfusion, testicular injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multi-infarct dementia, stroke, traumatic brain injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis .

HY-N0712

Typhaneoside 3 Publications Verification	Cardiovascular Disease Flavonols Structural Classification Flavonoids Typhaceae Classification of Application Fields Typha angustifolia L. Phenols Polyphenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	mTOR Akt FXR PI3K Autophagy Ferroptosis Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Calcium Channel
Typhaneoside is an orally active activator of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and farnesoid X receptor. Typhaneoside promotes the activation of AMPK and Caspase-3, induces apoptosis, ferroptosis, *autophagy, ROS* accumulation, cell cycle arrest at the G₂/M phase, and reduces cancer cell viability. Typhaneoside improves glucose and lipid metabolism, alleviates inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and hepatic lipid accumulation, and exerts hepatoprotective effects. Typhaneoside can be used in research related to heart failure after myocardial infarction, acute myeloid leukemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurological disorders .

HY-N0334

(+)-Magnoflorine Magnoflorine; α-Magnoflorine; Thalictrine	Alkaloids Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Coptis chinensis Franch. Ranunculaceae Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Fungal Autophagy Apoptosis PINK1/Parkin NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Caspase JNK NF-κB Sirtuin AMPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
(+)-Magnoflorine (α-Magnoflorine) is an orally active aporphine alkaloid with multiple biological activities. (+)-Magnoflorine promotes Parkin/PINK1 -mediated mitochondrial *autophagy, inhibits the activation* of NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, regulates the intestinal microbiota, and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. (+)-Magnoflorine inhibits JNK and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, activates Sirt1/AMPK pathway, alleviates neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Magnoflorine upregulates miR-410-3p, inhibits HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, and has anti-tumor activity. (+)-Magnoflorine also has significant antifungal activity .

HY-N1990

Gypenoside XLIX 2 Publications Verification	Cardiovascular Disease Triterpenes Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Cucurbitaceae Plants Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino Disease Research Fields Source Classification	PPAR Sirtuin Keap1-Nrf2 Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NF-κB Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Apoptosis Pyroptosis Autophagy
Gypenoside XLIX is a multifunctional bioactive compound that can be isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, with a K_a value of 1.58 μM for its binding to SIRT1. Gypenoside XLIX acts as a PPAR-α agonist. It inhibits the activation of TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway by activating the Sirt1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, reduces ROS accumulation, and alleviates hepatic inflammatory injury in mice with sepsis-induced liver disease. Gypenoside XLIX targets SIRT1 to block YAP-NLRP3 activation and improve sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Gypenoside XLIX inhibits apoptosis (Apoptosis), pyroptosis (Pyroptosis), autophagy (Autophagy), lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Gypenoside XLIX alleviates sepsis-induced splenic injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, and mitigates sepsis-associated encephalopathy by targeting PPAR-α. Gypenoside XLIX prevents acute kidney injury by inhibiting IGFBP7/IGF1R-mediated programmed cell death and inflammation. Gypenoside XLIX inhibits the expression and activity of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in cytokine-induced human endothelial cells. Gypenoside XLIX is applicable to research related to acute liver injury, lung injury, cardiomyopathy, acute splenic injury, sepsis-associated encephalopathy, acute kidney injury, atherosclerosis and chronic inflammation .

HY-N0735

Phellodendrine chloride 2 Publications Verification	Alkaloids Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Classification of Application Fields Rutaceae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Autophagy Apoptosis AMPK mTOR STAT Interleukin Related PKC p38 MAPK NF-κB COX Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) PI3K Akt MMP
Phellodendrine chloride is an orally active plant alkaloid. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the proliferation of KRAS-mutated pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing macropinocytosis and glutamine metabolism, inducing ROS accumulation and mitochondrial apoptosis. Phellodendrine chloride promotes *autophagy* by activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway, alleviating intestinal damage in ulcerative colitis. Phellodendrine chloride can alleviate gouty arthritis by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Phellodendrine chloride suppresses allergic reactions by altering the conformation of MRGPRB3/MRGPRX2 protein, thereby inhibiting the activation of PKC and subsequent downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Phellodendrine chloride inhibits the AKT/NF-κB pathway and down-regulates the expression of COX-2, thereby protecting zebrafish embryos from oxidative stress. Phellodendrine chloride has an anti-major depressive disorder (MDD) effect by down-regulating CHRM1, HTR1A, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway .

HY-N0914

Ajugol 3 Publications Verification	Erythrophleum fordii Oliv. Iridoids Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Labiatae Other Diseases Scrophulariaceae Plants Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaert.) Libosch. ex Fisch. et Mey Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Parasite Autophagy Interleukin Related Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) mTOR
Ajugol is an orally active iridoid glycoside found in the traditional Chinese medicine Leonurus japonicus. Ajugol is an *autophagy* activator. Ajugol activates TFEB-mediated autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. Ajugol also has anti-inflammatory effects. Ajugol has great potential in the research of asthma, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and osteoarthritis .

HY-13417R

AICAR (Standard) Acadesine (Standard); AICA Riboside (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards AMPK Autophagy YAP Mitophagy Endogenous Metabolite
AICAR (Standard) is the analytical standard of AICAR. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. AICAR (Acadesine) is an adenosine analog and a AMPK activator. AICAR regulates the glucose and lipid metabolism, and inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and iNOS production. AICAR is also an *autophagy, YAP* and mitophagy inhibitor .

HY-N2353

Arabinose 1 Publications Verification (±)-Arabinose; DL-Arabinose; dl-Arabinose	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Saccharides Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite
Arabinose is a pentose sugar commonly found in plants. Arabinose alleviates immune dysregulation and inflammation by promoting balanced immune responses and reducing inflammation. Arabinose induces cytotoxicity, autophagy (Autophagy), and cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells through the p38-MAPK signaling pathway. Arabinose activates the ACSS2-PPARγ/TFEB-AMPK axis in neuroblastoma cells, thereby exerting neuromodulatory/antidepressant effects. Arabinose can also be used as an intermediate in compound synthesis. Arabinose may be applied in research related to immune inflammation, depression, breast cancer, and other diseases .

HY-N0589

Dehydrodiisoeugenol 4 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Simple Phenylpropanols Phenols Myristicaceae Phenylpropanoids Plants Myristica fragrans Houtt. Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NF-κB COX Apoptosis Autophagy NO Synthase PERK JNK p38 MAPK CDK NOD-like Receptor (NLR)
Dehydrodiisoeugenol is an orally active anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent. Dehydrodiisoeugenol inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells, and induces apoptosis, *autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell cycle arrest. Dehydrodiisoeugenol also exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activation* of NF-κB and the expression of COX-2. Dehydrodiisoeugenol can be used in the research related to colorectal cancer, inflammatory diseases and ulcerative colitis .

HY-N2055

Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside	Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer Flavonols Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Plants Flavonoids other families Phenols Polyphenols Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Araliaceae Source Classification	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) NF-κB TNF Receptor AMPK
Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside is an orally active derivative of Kaempferol. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antidepressant effects. Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside is an inhibitor of the cell surface receptor toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4 for High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and it also exerts anti-inflammatory effects by blocking the activation of NF-κB expression and the production of TNF-α. Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside promotes the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and enhances autophagy by binding to AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thereby exerting antidepressant effects. Kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside holds promise for research in the fields of inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases .

HY-N0334A

(+)-Magnoflorine iodide 1 Publications Verification Magnoflorine iodide; α-Magnoflorine iodide; Thalictrine iodide	Alkaloids Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Magnoliaceae Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Magnolia Liliflora Desr. Plants Isoquinoline Alkaloids Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Fungal Autophagy Apoptosis PINK1/Parkin NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Caspase JNK NF-κB Sirtuin AMPK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
(+)-Magnoflorine (α-Magnoflorine) iodide is an orally active aporphine alkaloid with multiple biological activities. (+)-Magnoflorine iodide promotes Parkin/PINK1 -mediated mitochondrial *autophagy, inhibits the activation* of NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, regulates the intestinal microbiota, and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. (+)-Magnoflorine iodide inhibits JNK and TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways, activates Sirt1/AMPK pathway, alleviates neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Magnoflorine upregulates miR-410-3p, inhibits HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, and has anti-tumor activity. (+)-Magnoflorine iodide also has significant antifungal activity .

HY-N0762

Isobavachin 5 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Flavonoids Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Flavonones Phenols Polyphenols Psoralea corylifolia L. Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Cytochrome P450 UGT p38 MAPK NF-κB NO Synthase COX Fc Receptor (FcR) RANKL/RANK Keap1-Nrf2 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis Autophagy
Isobavachin is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-penetrating prenylated flavonoid present in Psoralea corylifolia. Isobavachin inhibits human CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, UGT1A1, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7. Isobavachin suppresses MAPK activation, NF-κB nuclear translocation, overexpression of iNOS/COX-2, FcεRI-mediated signaling pathways, and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Isobavachin induces *autophagy, cytotoxicity, neuronal differentiation, and NRF2* activation; it alleviates oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, iron accumulation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and mast cell degranulation. Isobavachin is applicable to research related to liver injury, inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, liver cancer, prostate cancer, glioma, periodontitis-induced bone loss, and Alzheimer's disease .

HY-N0723

Neomangiferin 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Liliaceae Xanthones Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Metabolic Disease Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Autophagy p38 MAPK TNF Receptor Interleukin Related PPAR
Neomangiferin is an orally active natural flavonoid. Neomangiferin partially ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by regulating the expression of genes related to free fatty acid uptake and lipid oxidation. Neomangiferin exerts anti-colitis effects by inhibiting Th17/Treg cell differentiation. Neomangiferin exerts anti-aging and lifespan-extending effects by targeting upregulation of bas-1, which in turn activates the *autophagy, IIS* and MAPK pathways. Neomangiferin has the potential to prevent aseptic loosening of prostheses after total joint arthroplasty due to its significant anti-inflammatory and osteoclastogenesis-inhibiting effects .

HY-W009141

1-Monopalmitin Glyceryl palmitate	Plants Source Classification	P-glycoprotein IAP PI3K Akt Caspase Apoptosis
1-Monopalmitin (Glyceryl palmitate) is an activator of the PI3K/Akt pathway and an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). 1-Monopalmitin can induce G2/M arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells, while inhibiting IAPs protein expression. 1-Monopalmitin can increase drug accumulation by inhibiting P-gp activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells. 1-Monopalmitin has the ability to induce protective autophagy and apoptosis of lung cancer cells (IC₅₀=50-58 μg/mL), with low toxicity to normal cells .

HY-N2149A

Tomatidine hydrochloride 5+ Cited Publications	Cardiovascular Disease Classification of Application Fields Solanum lycopersicum L. Solanaceae Plants Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	NF-κB JNK Autophagy Endogenous Metabolite
Tomatidine hydrochloride acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by blocking NF-κB and JNK signaling . Tomatidine hydrochloride activates *autophagy* either in mammal cells or C elegans .

HY-N0905

Ginsenoside Rh4	Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer Triterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Plants Disease Research Fields Araliaceae Source Classification Cancer	Bcl-2 Family Caspase Apoptosis Autophagy Endogenous Metabolite
Ginsenoside Rh4 is a rare saponin obtained from Panax notoginseng. Ginsenoside Rh4 activates Bax, caspase 3, caspase 8, and caspase 9. Ginsenoside Rh4 also induces *autophagy*.

HY-Y0152

Cinchonine 5 Publications Verification (8R,9S)-Cinchonine; LA40221	Alkaloids Piperidine Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Rubiaceae Cinchona calisaya Wedd. Quinoline Alkaloids Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis Parasite Autophagy Caspase Calcium Channel
Cinchonine is a natural compound present in Cinchona bark with antimalarial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti platelet-aggregation and anti-obesity properties. Cinchonine inhibits cells proliferation and *autophagy* and induces apoptosis through activation of Caspase-3. Cinchonine activates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in human liver cancer cells .

HY-N1983

Caudatin 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Asclepiadaceae Cynanchum otophyllum Schneid． Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight Plants Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis Autophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Mitochondrial Metabolism PARP Caspase Bcl-2 Family VEGFR FAK WDR5 p38 MAPK JNK PPAR
Caudatin is an orally active and brain-penetrant C-21 steroidal found in Cynanchum bungei decne with a variety of biological activities. Caudatin can inhibit cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cause cell phase arrest, induce apoptosis, *autophagy, ROS* prodution and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Caudatin activates PARP, caspase-3, -7, -9, upregulates pro-apoptotic Bad and Bax and downregulates anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. Caudatin suppresses VEGF, FAK phosphorylation, upregulates p21, p27, DR5 protein expression, activates the p38 MAPK, JNK and PPARα/TFEB-mediated autophagy-lysosomal signaling pathways. Caudatin can be used for the research of cancer, inflammation and neurological disease, such as glioma and Alzheimer's disease .

HY-10219R

Rapamycin (Standard) Sirolimus (Standard); AY-22989 (Standard); NSC 226080 (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Anti-inflammation/Immunoregulatory Macrolide Antibiotics Antibiotics Disease Research Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards mTOR FKBP Fungal Autophagy Endogenous Metabolite Antibiotic Bacterial
Rapamycin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rapamycin (HY-10219). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rapamycin (Sirolimus; AY 22989) is a potent and specific mTOR inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.1 nM in HEK293 cells. Rapamycin binds to FKBP12 and specifically acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1 . Rapamycin is an *autophagy* activator, an immunosuppressant .

HY-N0364

Falcarindiol 3 Publications Verification	Infection Natural Products Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl. Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Umbelliferae Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Apoptosis Autophagy PPAR
Falcarindiol, an orally active polyacetylenic oxylipin, activates PPARγ and increases the expression of the cholesterol transporter ABCA1 in cells. Falcarindiol induces apoptosis and *autophagy*. Falcarindiol has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, anticancer and antidiabetic properties . Falcarindiol is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.

HY-N7400

Phaseoloidin	Structural Classification Monophenols other families Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Phenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Caspase Autophagy Apoptosis AMPK mTOR Insecticide
Phaseoloidin is an orally active multi-target inhibitor. Phaseoloidin inhibits the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and blocks the caspase-11-GSDMD pyroptosis axis. Phaseoloidin reduces the expression of collagen-degrading enzymes to maintain the integrity of cartilage matrix. Phaseoloidin activates the AMPK/mTOR pathway to enhance *autophagy* function and reverse apoptosis resistance. Phaseoloidin inhibits the growth and development of Manduca sexta and Spodoptera littoralis larvae, thereby helping Nicotiana attenuata defend against lepidopteran herbivorous insects. Phaseoloidin can be used in research related to acute gouty arthritis and pulmonary fibrosis .

HY-N0381

Maackiain 1 Publications Verification DL-Maackiain	Infection Structural Classification Natural Products Monophenols other families Classification of Application Fields Phenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Keap1-Nrf2 p38 MAPK NOD-like Receptor (NLR) NF-κB mTOR Monoamine Oxidase Nuclear Factor of activated T Cells (NFAT) PKC Apoptosis Pyroptosis Autophagy Dengue Virus
Maackiain (DL-Maackiain) is an orally active multi-target inhibitor with anti-tumor activity and neuroprotective effects. Maackiain activates the AMPK, NLRP3 and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways, and inhibits key targets such as NF-κB, mTOR, MAO-B, NFATc1 and PKCδ, thereby precisely regulating processes including apoptosis, *autophagy* and pyroptosis. Maackiain also effectively inhibits microglial activation, osteoclast formation, and proliferation and invasion of tumor cells, and protects dopaminergic neurons from damage. Maackiain is applicable to the research of various diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, osteoporosis, sepsis and dengue fever 。

HY-N4087

Platycodin D2 3 Publications Verification	Triterpenes Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC. Campanulaceae Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Mitophagy Autophagy Ferroptosis Interleukin Related IFNAR Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Platycodin D2 is an orally active triterpenoid saponin found in Platycodon grandiflorum. Platycodin D2 induces mitophagy in cancer cells through NIX, thereby activating the P21/CyclinA2 pathway and promoting cell senescence. Platycodin D2 induces mitochondrial dysfunction, enhances autophagy, inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, and exhibits anti-tumor activity against multiple cancer cell types. Platycodin D2 promotes mRNA expression of T-bet, GATA-3, Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ, and Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, enhances splenocyte proliferation, and acts as a vaccine adjuvant with low rabbit red blood cell hemolytic activity. Platycodin D2 induces mitochondrial ROS production, incomplete *autophagy, and ferroptosis* to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation. Platycodin D2 can be used for the research of cancer, inflammation and immunology .

HY-Y0148

10-Hydroxydecanoic acid NSC 15139; 10-HDAA	Structural Classification Animals Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Parasite Autophagy NF-κB Interleukin Related NO Synthase MDM-2/p53 TNF Receptor RANKL/RANK Caspase
10-Hydroxydecanoic acid (10-HDAA) is a saturated fatty acid derived from 10-hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid, which can be isolated from royal jelly. 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid exhibits various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, anti-malarial, and anti-Leishmania properties, as well as enhancing antigen-specific immune responses. The anti-inflammatory effects of 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid are primarily mediated by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and the translation of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), which reduces the production of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO) in inflammatory cells. Additionally, 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid alleviates neuroinflammatory responses through the *p53-autophagy* pathway and the p53-NLRP3 pathway. Finally, 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid enhances antigen-specific immune responses by promoting the effective uptake of antigens by microfold cells .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-110228

Metformin-d6 hydrochloride

Metformin-d₆ hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Metformin hydrochloride. Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-114118S3

Semaglutide-13C6,15N TFA

Semaglutide- ¹³C₆, ¹⁵N TFA is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled Semaglutide TFA (HY-114118A). Semaglutide TFA is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide TFA promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide TFA also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide TFA has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide TFA can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-B1773AS3

Sodium propionate-13C3

Sodium propionate- ¹³C-3 is the ¹³C-labeled Propionate sodium (HY-B1773A). Sodium propionate is an orally active short-chain fatty acid. Sodium propionate can be produced by intestinal bacteria from the metabolism of dietary fiber. Sodium propionate increases PPAR-γ, inhibits NF-κB activation, and reduces COX-2 expression and NO production. Sodium propionate also induces Apoptosis and Autophagy. Sodium propionate reduces HSV-1-induced keratitis. Sodium propionate has anticancer effects against glioblastoma. Sodium propionate exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Sodium propionate can be used in the research of spinal cord injury and Alzheimer's disease .

HY-B0351S

Taurine-d4 1 Publications Verification
Taurine-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Taurine. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes .

HY-10219S

Rapamycin-d3 1 Publications Verification
Rapamycin-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Rapamycin. Rapamycin is a potent and specific mTOR inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.1 nM in HEK293 cells. Rapamycin binds to FKBP12 and specifically acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1. Rapamycin is an *autophagy* activator, an immunosuppressant .

HY-114118S1

Semaglutide-d8 tetraTFA

Semaglutide-d₈ tetraTFA is the deuterium labeled Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-114118S

Semaglutide-d8

Semaglutide-d₈ is the deuterium labeled Semaglutide (HY-114118). Semaglutide is a long-acting, selective, competitive GLP-1R agonist that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. After activating GLP-1R, Semaglutide promotes insulin secretion, inhibits gastric emptying and appetite, and at the same time enhances autophagy, inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis. Semaglutide also regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism (such as reducing de novo lipogenesis in the liver). Semaglutide has activities such as lowering blood sugar, reducing weight, neuroprotection (such as improving motor function in Parkinson's disease models, reducing α-synuclein aggregation) and improving hepatic steatosis. Semaglutide can be used for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and liver diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, Parkinson's disease, metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MASLD), and cancer .

HY-10162S

Olaparib-d5
Olaparib-d₅ (AZD2281-d₅) is the deuterium labeled Olaparib (HY-10162). Olaparib is a potent and orally active PARP inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 5 and 1 nM for PARP1 and PARP2, respectively. Olaparib is an autophagy and mitophagy activator .

HY-B0351S2

Taurine-13C2,15N
Taurine- ¹³C₂, ¹⁵N is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N- labeled Taurine. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes .

HY-10219S1

Rapamycin-13C,d3
Rapamycin- ¹³C,d₃ (Sirolimus- ¹³C,d₃) is the ¹³C and deuterium labeled Rapamycin (HY-10219) . Rapamycin is a potent and specific mTOR inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.1 nM in HEK293 cells. Rapamycin binds to FKBP12 and specifically acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1. Rapamycin is an *autophagy* activator, an immunosuppressant .

HY-N0565S1

Doxycycline-d3 (hyclate) (major)

Doxycycline-d₃ hyclate (major) is the deuterium labeled Doxycycline hyclate (HY-N0565B). Doxycycline hyclate is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline hyclate is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline hyclate also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline hyclate induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline hyclate also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline hyclate has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers .

HY-17363S1

Dimethyl fumarate-d2

Dimethyl fumarate-d₂ is the deuterium labeled Dimethyl fumarate . Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an orally active and brain-penetrant Nrf2 activator and induces upregulation of antioxidant gene expression. Dimethyl fumarate induces necroptosis in colon cancer cells through GSH depletion/ROS increase/MAPKs activation pathway, and also induces cell autophagy. Dimethyl fumarate can be used for multiple sclerosis research .

HY-10999S

Trametinib-d4
Trametinib-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Trametinib. Trametinib (GSK1120212; JTP-74057) is an orally active MEK inhibitor that inhibits MEK1 and MEK2 with IC₅₀s of about 2 nM. Trametinib activates autophagy and induces apoptosis .

HY-B0351S1

Taurine-13C2
Taurine- ¹³C₂ is the ¹³C-labeled Taurine. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate autophagy in adipocytes .

HY-10162S1

Olaparib-d8
Olaparib-d₈ (AZD2281-d₈) is the deuterium labeled Olaparib (HY-10162). Olaparib is a potent and orally active PARP inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 5 and 1 nM for PARP1 and PARP2, respectively. Olaparib is an autophagy and mitophagy activator .

HY-B0627S

Metformin-d6

Metformin-d₆ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d₆) is a deuterated labeled Metformin (HY-B0627). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-10201S2

Sorafenib-13C,d3

1 Publications Verification

Sorafenib- ¹³C,d₃ is the ¹³C- and deuterium labeled Sorafenib. Sorafenib (Bay 43-9006) is a potent and orally active Raf inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 6 nM and 20 nM for Raf-1 and B-Raf, respectively. Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 90 nM, 15 nM, 20 nM, 57 nM and 58 nM for VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFRβ, FLT3 and c-Kit, respectively. Sorafenib induces autophagy and apoptosis. Sorafenib has anti-tumor activity. Sorafenib is a ferroptosis activator .

HY-B1773AS4

Sodium propionate-d5

Sodium propionate-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Propionate sodium (HY-B1773A). Sodium propionate is an orally active short-chain fatty acid. Sodium propionate can be produced by intestinal bacteria from the metabolism of dietary fiber. Sodium propionate increases PPAR-γ, inhibits NF-κB activation, and reduces COX-2 expression and NO production. Sodium propionate also induces Apoptosis and Autophagy. Sodium propionate reduces HSV-1-induced keratitis. Sodium propionate has anticancer effects against glioblastoma. Sodium propionate exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Sodium propionate can be used in the research of spinal cord injury and Alzheimer's disease .

HY-B1773AS

Sodium propionate-13C

Sodium propionate- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Propionate sodium (HY-B1773A). Sodium propionate is an orally active short-chain fatty acid. Sodium propionate can be produced by intestinal bacteria from the metabolism of dietary fiber. Sodium propionate increases PPAR-γ, inhibits NF-κB activation, and reduces COX-2 expression and NO production. Sodium propionate also induces Apoptosis and Autophagy. Sodium propionate reduces HSV-1-induced keratitis. Sodium propionate has anticancer effects against glioblastoma. Sodium propionate exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Sodium propionate can be used in the research of spinal cord injury and Alzheimer's disease .

HY-N0565AS

Doxycycline-d3 (hydrochloride)

Doxycycline-d₃ hydrochloride is deuterium labeled Doxycycline hydrochloride (HY-N0565A). Doxycycline hydrochloride is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline hydrochloride is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline hydrochloride also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline hydrochloride induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline hydrochloride also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline hydrochloride has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers .

HY-N0565S3

Doxycycline-13C,d3

Doxycycline- ¹³C,d₃ is ¹³C and deuterium labeled Doxycycline (HY-N0565). Doxycycline is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline induces apoptosis, inhibits autophagy and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers .

HY-10999S1

Trametinib-13C6
Trametinib- ¹³C₆ is the ¹³C-labeled Trametinib. Trametinib (GSK1120212; JTP-74057) is an orally active MEK inhibitor that inhibits MEK1 and MEK2 with IC₅₀s of about 2 nM. Trametinib activates autophagy and induces apoptosis .

HY-10162S3

Olaparib-d4-1
Olaparib-d₄-1 (AZD2281-d₄-1) is the deuterium labeled Olaparib (HY-10162). Olaparib is a potent and orally active PARP inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 5 and 1 nM for PARP1 and PARP2, respectively. Olaparib is an autophagy and mitophagy activator .

HY-B1773AS5

Sodium propionate-d3

Sodium propionate-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Propionate sodium (HY-B1773A). Sodium propionate is an orally active short-chain fatty acid. Sodium propionate can be produced by intestinal bacteria from the metabolism of dietary fiber. Sodium propionate increases PPAR-γ, inhibits NF-κB activation, and reduces COX-2 expression and NO production. Sodium propionate also induces Apoptosis and Autophagy. Sodium propionate reduces HSV-1-induced keratitis. Sodium propionate has anticancer effects against glioblastoma. Sodium propionate exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Sodium propionate can be used in the research of spinal cord injury and Alzheimer's disease .

HY-10999S2

Trametinib-13C,d3
Trametinib- ¹³C,d₃ is the ¹³C- and deuterium labeled Trametinib. Trametinib (GSK1120212; JTP-74057) is an orally active MEK inhibitor that inhibits MEK1 and MEK2 with IC₅₀s of about 2 nM. Trametinib activates autophagy and induces apoptosis .

HY-B0627S1

Metformin-13C2 hydrochloride

Metformin- ¹³C₂ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide- ¹³C₂) hydrochloride is the ¹³C-labeled Metformin hydrochloride (HY-17471A). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-13417S

AICAR-13C2,15N
AICAR- ¹³C₂, ¹⁵N (Acadesine- ¹³C₂, ¹⁵N; AICA Riboside- ¹³C₂, ¹⁵N) is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled AICAR (HY-13417) . AICAR (Acadesine) is an adenosine analog and a AMPK activator. AICAR regulates the glucose and lipid metabolism, and inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and iNOS production. AICAR is also an *autophagy, YAP* and mitophagy inhibitor .

HY-13757S

Tamoxifen-d3 hydrochloride

Tamoxifen-d₃ hydrochloride is deuterated labeled Tamoxifen (Citrate) (HY-13757). Tamoxifen Citrate (ICI 46474) is an orally active, selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which blocks estrogen action in breast cells and can activate estrogen activity in other cells, such as bone, liver, and uterine cells .Tamoxifen Citrate is a potent Hsp90 activator and enhances the Hsp90 molecular chaperone ATPase activity. Tamoxifen Citrate also potent inhibits infectious EBOV Zaire and Marburg (MARV) with IC₅₀ of 0.1 μM and 1.8 μM, respectively . Tamoxifen Citrate activates autophagy and induces apoptosis .Tamoxifen Citrate also can induce gene knockout of CreER(T2) transgenic mouse .

HY-14266S

Dapivirine-d11
Dapivirine-d₁₁ is the deuterium labeled Dapivirine. Dapivirine (TMC120), the prototype of diarylpyrimidines (DAPY), is an orally active and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Dapivirine (TMC120) binds directly to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Dapivirine (TMC120) regulates autophagy and induced Akt, Bad and SAPK/JNK activations .

HY-W727893

Taurine-15N
Taurine- ¹⁵N (2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid- ¹⁵N) is ¹⁵N labeled Taurine. Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate *autophagy* in adipocytes .

HY-W768347

Xylitol-13C5

Xylitol- ¹³C₅ (Xylite- ¹³C₅) is the ¹³C-labeled Xylitol (HY-N0538). Xylitol can be classified as a polyol and sugar alcohol, exhibiting inhibitory activity on cancer cell proliferation. It induces autophagy (Autophagy) and cell death in A549 cells by activating the autophagy signaling pathway, as evidenced by the increased expression of LC3-II and Atg5-Atg12 upon Xylitol treatment. Additionally, Xylitol inhibits acetaldehyde production by Candida species, thereby reducing their carcinogenic potential. In vivo, Xylitol induces alterations in the gut microbiota of mice, which may enhance cholesterol accumulation and upregulate hepatic ChREBP, while also slowing tumor growth in the B16F10 melanoma C57BL/6 mouse model .

HY-N0112S

Dihydromyricetin-d4

Dihydromyricetin-d₄ (Ampelopsin-d₄) is deuterium labeled Dihydromyricetin. Dihydromyricetin is a potent inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 48 μM on dihydropyrimidinase. Dihydromyricetin can activate autophagy through inhibiting mTOR signaling. Dihydromyricetin suppresses the formation of mTOR complexes (mTORC1/2). Dihydromyricetin is also a potent influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 22 μM.

HY-13757AS1

Tamoxifen-d3

Tamoxifen-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Tamoxifen . Tamoxifen (ICI 47699) is an orally active, selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which blocks estrogen action in breast cells and can activate estrogen activity in other cells, such as bone, liver, and uterine cells . Tamoxifen is a potent Hsp90 activator and enhances the Hsp90 molecular chaperone ATPase activity. Tamoxifen also potent inhibits infectious EBOV Zaire and Marburg (MARV) with IC50 of 0.1 μM and 1.8 μM, respectively . Tamoxifen activates autophagy and induces apoptosis . Tamoxifen also can induce gene knockout of CreER(T2) transgenic mouse .

HY-14266S1

Dapivirine-d4
Dapivirine-d₄ (TMC120-d₄) is deuterium labeled Dapivirine. Dapivirine (TMC120), the prototype of diarylpyrimidines (DAPY), is an orally active and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Dapivirine (TMC120) binds directly to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Dapivirine (TMC120) regulates autophagy and induced Akt, Bad and SAPK/JNK activations .

HY-W778408

Tamoxifen-13C6

Tamoxifen- ¹³C₆ (ICI 47699- ¹³C₆) is the ¹³C-labeled Tamoxifen (HY-13757A). Tamoxifen (ICI 47699) is an orally active, selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which blocks estrogen action in breast cells and can activate estrogen activity in other cells, such as bone, liver, and uterine cells . Tamoxifen is a potent Hsp90 activator and enhances the Hsp90 molecular chaperone ATPase activity. Tamoxifen also potent inhibits infectious EBOV Zaire and Marburg (MARV) with IC₅₀ of 0.1 μM and 1.8 μM, respectively . Tamoxifen activates autophagy and induces apoptosis . Tamoxifen also can induce gene knockout of CreER transgenic mouse .

HY-16397AS

Phenformin-d5 hydrochloride

Phenformin-d₅ (Phenethylbiguanide-d₅) hydrochloride is the deuterium labeled Phenformin hydrochloride. Phenformin hydrochloride is an orally active biguanide hypoglycemic agent. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, leading to an increased AMP/ATP ratio, activation of AMPK, and subsequent inhibition of the mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Phenformin hydrochloride inhibits cancer stem cells (CSCs) and possesses potent antitumor potential.

HY-B0116S

Stavudine-d4
Stavudine-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Stavudine. Stavudine (d4T) is an orally active nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Stavudine has activity against HIV-1 and HIV-2. Stavudine also inhibits the replication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Stavudine reduces NLRP3 inflammasome activation and modulates Amyloid-β autophagy. Stavudine induces apoptosis .

HY-W765245

Rapamycin-13C,d3-1
Rapamycin- ¹³C,d₃-1 (Sirolimus- ¹³C,d₃-1) is the deuterium labeled and ¹³C-labeled Rapamycin (HY-10219). Rapamycin (Sirolimus; AY 22989) is a potent and specific mTOR inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.1 nM in HEK293 cells. Rapamycin binds to FKBP12 and specifically acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1 . Rapamycin is an autophagy activator, an immunosuppressant .

HY-N0589S

Dehydrodiisoeugenol-d4

Dehydrodiisoeugenol-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Dehydrodiisoeugenol (HY-N0589). Dehydrodiisoeugenol is an orally active anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor agent. Dehydrodiisoeugenol inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells, and induces apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell cycle arrest. Dehydrodiisoeugenol also exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and the expression of COX-2. Dehydrodiisoeugenol can be used in the research related to colorectal cancer, inflammatory diseases and ulcerative colitis .

HY-50907S

ABT-737-d8

ABT 737-d₈ is the deuterium labeled ABT-737. ABT-737, a BH3 mimetic, is a potent Bcl-2, Bcl-x_L and Bcl-w inhibitor with EC₅₀s of 30.3 nM, 78.7 nM, and 197.8 nM, respectively. ABT-737 induces the disruption of the BCL-2/BAX complex and BAK-dependent but BIM-independent activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. ABT-737 induces autophagy and has the potential for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) research .

HY-B0298AS

Clemastine-d5 fumarate

1 Publications Verification

Clemastine (HS-592; Meclastine)-d₅ fumarate is the deuterium labeled Clemastine fumarate. Clemastine fumarate is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable H1 histamine receptor (H1 histamine receptor) antagonist with potent antiallergic effects. Clemastine fumarate also antagonizes muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR), particularly the M1 and M4 subtypes. In addition to antihistamine effects, Clemastine fumarate exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, especially in promoting central nervous system remyelination, activating autophagy and pyroptosis, exerting anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects, and suppressing inflammation .

HY-10201S4

Sorafenib-d3 tosylate

Sorafenib-d₃ (Donafenib-d₃) tosylate is the deuterium labeled Sorafenib (HY-10201). Sorafenib is a potent and orally active Raf inhibitor with IC50s of 6 nM and 20 nM for Raf-1 and B-Raf, respectively. Sorafenib-d3tosylate is a multikinase inhibitor with IC50s of 90 nM, 15 nM, 20 nM, 57 nM and 58 nM for VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFRβ, FLT3 and c-Kit, respectively. Sorafenib-d3tosylate induces autophagy and apoptosis. Sorafenib-d3tosylate has anti-tumor activity. Sorafenib is a ferroptosis activator .

HY-B1773AS1

Sodium propionate-13C-1

Sodium propionate- ¹³C-1 is the ¹³C-labeled Propionate sodium (HY-B1773A). Sodium propionate is an orally active short-chain fatty acid. Sodium propionate can be produced by intestinal bacteria from the metabolism of dietary fiber. Sodium propionate increases PPAR-γ, inhibits NF-κB activation, and reduces COX-2 expression and NO production. Sodium propionate also induces Apoptosis and Autophagy. Sodium propionate reduces HSV-1-induced keratitis. Sodium propionate has anticancer effects against glioblastoma. Sodium propionate exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Sodium propionate can be used in the research of spinal cord injury and Alzheimer's disease .

HY-W778057

Ethyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate-13C3

Ethyl 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoate- ¹³C₃ (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester- ¹³C₃) is the ¹³C-labeled Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (HY-W016409). Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Protocatechuic acid ethyl ester) is an orally effective, blood-brain barrier-permeable, competitive prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor that inhibits the hydroxylation modification of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) by PHD. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate stabilizes HIF-1α by inhibiting PHD, activates downstream pathways to induce autophagy and apoptosis of tumor cells, and regulates inflammatory responses, inhibits the NF-κB pathway, improves vascular permeability, and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate has anti-tumor, anti-hypoxic injury, and bone metabolism regulation effects. It can also be used in the research of cardiovascular protection (such as reducing myocardial ischemic damage), bone tissue engineering (promoting osteogenesis/inhibiting osteoclast differentiation), and prevention and treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema .

HY-10162S4

Olaparib-d4-2
Olaparib-d₄-2 is the deuterium labeled Olaparib (HY-10162). Olaparib (AZD2281; KU0059436) is a potent and orally active PARP inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 5 and 1 nM for PARP1 and PARP2, respectively. Olaparib is an *autophagy* and mitophagy activator. Olaparib cannot cross the intact blood-brain barrier (BBB) .

HY-N0176S6

Dihydroartemisinin-d

Dihydroartemisinin-d (Dihydroqinghaosu-d) is the deuterium labeled Dihydroartemisinin (HY-N0176). Dihydroartemisinin is an orally active metabolite of rtemisinin (HY-B0094) and antimalarial agent. Dihydroartemisinin induces Autophagy by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Dihydroartemisinin promotes ROS accumulation. Dihydroartemisinin exhibits anticancer activity in esophageal cancer cells. Dihydroartemisinin shows schistosomicidal activity against juvenile and adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum, reduces worm burden, and displays antiparasitic activity. Dihydroartemisinin can be used in research related to multiple myeloma, promyelocytic leukemia, esophageal cancer, and Schistosoma japonicum infection.

HY-W714048

Laduviglusib-d4

Laduviglusib-d₄ (CHIR-99021-d₄) is the deuterium labeled Laduviglusib (HY-10182). Laduviglusib (CHIR-99021) is a potent, selective and orally active GSK-3α/β inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 10 nM and 6.7 nM. Laduviglusib shows >500-fold selectivity for GSK-3 over CDC2, ERK2 and other protein kinases. Laduviglusib is also a potent Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activator. Laduviglusib enhances mouse and human embryonic stem cells self-renewal. Laduviglusib induces autophagy.

HY-B1773AS2

Sodium propionate-13C2

Sodium propionate- ¹³C-2 is the ¹³C-labeled Propionate sodium (HY-B1773A). Sodium propionate is an orally active short-chain fatty acid. Sodium propionate can be produced by intestinal bacteria from the metabolism of dietary fiber. Sodium propionate increases PPAR-γ, inhibits NF-κB activation, and reduces COX-2 expression and NO production. Sodium propionate also induces Apoptosis and Autophagy. Sodium propionate reduces HSV-1-induced keratitis. Sodium propionate has anticancer effects against glioblastoma. Sodium propionate exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Sodium propionate can be used in the research of spinal cord injury and Alzheimer's disease .

HY-W009141S

1-Monopalmitin-d31

1-Monopalmitin-d₃₁ (Glyceryl palmitate-d₃₁) is the deuterium labeled 1-Monopalmitin (HY-W009141). 1-Monopalmitin (Glyceryl palmitate) is an activator of the PI3K/Akt pathway and an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). 1-Monopalmitin can induce G2/M arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells, while inhibiting IAPs protein expression. 1-Monopalmitin can increase drug accumulation by inhibiting P-gp activity in intestinal Caco-2 cells. 1-Monopalmitin has the ability to induce protective autophagy and apoptosis of lung cancer cells (IC₅₀=50-58 μg/mL), with low toxicity to normal cells .

HY-W142432S

Perfluoroundecanoic acid-13C7

Perfluoroundecanoic acid- ¹³C₇ is the ¹³C-labeled Perfluoroundecanoic acid (HY-W142432). Perfluoroundecanoic acid is a perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS). Perfluoroundecanoic acid is an orally active oxidative stress inducer. Perfluoroundecanoic acid promotes macrophage M2 polarization, activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and enhances β-catenin nuclear accumulation. Perfluoroundecanoic acid -induced M2 phenotype macrophage accelerates tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Perfluoroundecanoic acid induces DNA damage, reproductive and pathophysiological dysfunctions via oxidative stress in male Swiss mice. Perfluoroundecanoic acid inhibits Leydig cell development in pubertal male rats via inducing oxidative stress and autophagy. Perfluoroundecanoic acid accelerates insulitis development in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Perfluoroundecanoic acid can be used for the study of ovarian cancer, type 1 diabetes and inflammation .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-B0351

Taurine 15+ Cited Publications 2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid		Cosolvents pH Modifiers
Taurine, a sulphur-containing amino acid and an organic osmolyte involved in cell volume regulation, provides a substrate for the formation of bile salts, and plays a role in the modulation of intracellular free calcium concentration. Taurine has the ability to activate *autophagy* in adipocytes .

HY-N0538

Xylitol Xylite		Fillers
Xylitol can be classified as a polyol and sugar alcohol, exhibiting inhibitory activity on cancer cell proliferation. It induces autophagy (Autophagy) and cell death in A549 cells by activating the autophagy signaling pathway, as evidenced by the increased expression of LC3-II and Atg5-Atg12 upon Xylitol treatment. Additionally, Xylitol inhibits acetaldehyde production by Candida species, thereby reducing their carcinogenic potential. In vivo, Xylitol induces alterations in the gut microbiota of mice, which may enhance cholesterol accumulation and upregulate hepatic ChREBP, while also slowing tumor growth in the B16F10 melanoma C57BL/6 mouse model .

HY-100973

Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose 5+ Cited Publications ADP ribose		Nucleotide Analogs Adenine Nucleotide
Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose (ADP ribose) is a nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD ⁺) metabolite. Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose is the most potent and primary intracellular Ca ²⁺-permeable cation TRPM2 channel activator. Adenosine 5′-diphosphoribose also can enhance *autophagy* .

HY-160229

ssRNA40 sodium R-1075 sodium		CpG ODNs
ssRNA40 sodium (R-1075 sodium) is a single-stranded RNA40 derived from HIV-1. ssRNA40 sodium activates the TLR7, TLR8, TLR2, RIG-I, MDA5, MyD88, Caspase-3, IRE1α, NLRP3 inflammasome and IRF7 signaling pathways. ssRNA40 sodium alters mRNA expression in neutrophils, induces pro-inflammatory cytokines, ROS, autophagy (autophagy), pyroptosis (pyroptosis), neuronal death, neurodegeneration, aggregate formation and NK cell activation. ssRNA40 sodium activates the expression of CD62L, CD11b, CD69, MX1, OAS1, ATG7, LC3B and XBP1 in immune cell and neuronal populations. ssRNA40 sodium causes cortical neuron loss and axonal damage in mice in a TLR7-dependent manner. ssRNA40 sodium can be used in research on HIV-1 infection, neurodegeneration, COVID-19 and HIV-associated neurological disorders .

Targets Recommended: Autophagy AUTOTACs AUTACs Atg4 Mitophagy Atg8/LC3 ER-phagy

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-15371G

Forskolin Coleonol; Colforsin; HL 362	Adenylate Cyclase FXR Autophagy PKC	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology Cancer
Forskolin (Coleonol) (GMP) is a potent adenylate cyclase activator with an IC₅₀ of 41 nM and an EC₅₀ of 0.5 μM for type I adenylyl cyclase . Forskolin (GMP) is also an inducer of intracellular cAMP formation . Forskolin (GMP) induces differentiation of various cell types and activates pregnane X receptor (PXR) and FXR . Forskolin (GMP) exerts a inotropic effect on the heart, and has platelet antiaggregatory and antihypertensive actions. Forskolin (GMP) also induces *autophagy* .

HY-10219G

Rapamycin Sirolimus; AY-22989; NSC 226080	mTOR FKBP Fungal Autophagy Endogenous Metabolite Antibiotic Bacterial	Infection Cancer
Rapamycin (Sirolimus) (GMP) is Rapamycin (HY-10219) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Rapamycin (Sirolimus; AY 22989) is a potent and specific mTOR inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.1 nM in HEK293 cells. Rapamycin binds to FKBP12 and specifically acts as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1 . Rapamycin is an *autophagy* activator, an immunosuppressant .

HY-13259G

MG-132 Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al	Proteasome Autophagy Apoptosis	Cancer
MG-132 (GMP) (Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al (GMP)) is MG-132 (HY-13259) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. MG-132 (Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al) is a potent proteasome and calpain inhibitor with IC₅₀s of 100 nM and 1.2 μM, respectively. MG-132 effectively blocks the proteolytic activity of the 26S proteasome complex. MG-132, a peptide aldehyde, also is an *autophagy* activator. MG-132 also induces apoptosis .

HY-12292G

IM-12	NF-κB STAT GSK-3 β-catenin Bcr-Abl	Cancer
IM-12 GMP is IM-12 (HY-12292) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. IM-12 is an orally active anti-inflammatory agent that targets and inhibits the NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways. IM-12 activates the Wnt signaling pathway and promotes the nuclear translocation of β-catenin by inhibiting GSK3β, while also blocking the tyrosine kinase activity of p210BCR/ABL. IM-12 reduces the levels of IL-6, IL-17, NO, prostaglandin E2, iNOS and COX-2, and induces ER stress, Ca ²⁺ release, *autophagy* and apoptosis. IM-12 is heat-sensitive and does not induce autophagy in IM-resistant p210BCR/ABL ^T315I mutant cells. IM-12 is also a component of the 5iLA medium used for naive pluripotent stem cell research. IM-12 has been applied in studies related to carrageenan (HY-125474)-induced hind paw edema, TNBS-induced colitis, and acute and chronic myeloid leukemia .

HY-N0565AG

Doxycycline (hydrochloride)	Apoptosis MMP Akt PI3K	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Doxycycline hydrochloride GMP is Doxycycline (hydrochloride) (HY-N0565A) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Doxycycline hydrochloride is an orally active highly lipophilic, tissue-permeable MMP inhibitor with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Doxycycline hydrochloride is also a semi-synthetic antibiotic with chelating properties, which blocks bacterial protein synthesis and inhibits extracellular matrix degradation through interactions with zinc and calcium atoms. Doxycycline hydrochloride also inhibits mitochondrial biogenesis, translation, and the expression of respiratory chain proteins. Doxycycline hydrochloride induces apoptosis, inhibits *autophagy* and EMT, downregulates stem cell markers, and activates the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby effectively inhibiting the viability and proliferation of cancer cells such as breast cancer cells. Doxycycline hydrochloride also promotes the survival and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and neural stem cells, and reduces the frequency of medium changes in culture. Doxycycline hydrochloride has been applied in studies related to breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, and other cancers .

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