Brassicaceae

Epibrassinolide (24-Epibrassinolide) is a ubiquitously occurring plant growth hormone which shows great potential to alleviate heavy metals and pesticide stress in plants. Epibrassinolide is a potential apoptotic inducer in various cancer cells without affecting the non-tumor cell growth.

Erucic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), is isolated from the seed of Raphanus sativus L. Erucic acid can readily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), it has been reported to normalize the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids in the brain. Erucic acid can improve cognitive impairment and be effective against dementia.

Glucoraphanin, a natural glucosinolate found in cruciferous vegetable, is a stable precursor of the Nrf2 inducer sulforaphane, which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects.

Indole-3-butyric acid (3-indolebutyric acid) is a plant growth auxin and a good rooting agent. It can promote herbs and woody ornamental plant rooting and used for improving fruit rate. Indole 3-butyric acid is an auxin precursor, and is converted to indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) in a peroxisomal β-oxidation process.

Chrysoeriol is a kind of natural yellow ash, which can be used for heating plants Coronopus didymus. Chrysoeriol suppresses the JAK2/STAT3, IκB/p65, and NF-κB pathways, and has strong anti-inflammatory activity.

Canola oil is an orally effective adipogenesis inhibitor and gut microbiota modulator. Canola oil inhibits the expression of PPARγ, SREBP1, SREBP2, Insig1 and Insig2, and increases the phosphorylation level of the AMPK pathway. Canola oil inhibits adipogenesis and reshapes gut microbiota in mice to ameliorate obesity. Canola oil can be used in obesity-related research.

Endosidin1 (Prieurianin) is a Prieurianin with cleaved A and B rings. Endosidin1 is isolated from the roots of Aphanamixis polystachya. Endosidin1 inhibits superoxide anion production and Elastase release in neutrophils, with an IC₅₀ >10 μg/mL. Endosidin1 exhibits mild cytotoxic activity against laryngeal cancer cells in vitro. Endosidin1 shows anti-inflammatory activity. Endosidin1 can be used in studies related to laryngeal cancer.\n

Glucoraphenin, the predominant and orally active glucosinolate in radish sprouts, is hydrolyzed by myrosinase to sulforaphene that is implicated to exert anticancerogenic effects. Glucoraphenin induces xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs).

α,α-Trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P) potassium is a glucose analogue with potent anti-hyperglcaemic activity. α,α-Trehalose 6-phosphate potassium is rapidly converted to the end product, α,α′-trehalose, through the action of α,α-Trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase (T6PP).

γ-Tocopherol (D-γ-Tocopherol) is a potent cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. γ-Tocopherol is a naturally occurring form of Vitamin E in many plant seeds, such as corn oil and soybeans. γ-Tocopherol possesses antiinflammatory properties and anti-cancer activity.

Strophanthidin is a naturally available cardiac glycoside. Strophanthidin 0.1 and 1 nmol/L increases and 1~100 μmol/L inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase activities, but Strophanthidin 10 and 100 nmol/L does not affect Na+/K+-ATPase activities in cardiac sarcolemmal. Strophanthidin increases both diastolic and systolic intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration.

Sinigrin (Allyl-glucosinolate) is an orally active glucosinolate found in cruciferous plants. Sinigrin possesses multiple activities such as anti-cancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and inhibition of fat synthesis. Sinigrin can be used in the research of tumors, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases.

1-Benzyl-I3C is a NEDD4-1 inhibitor with significant anticancer activity. 1-Benzyl-I3C can directly inhibit the ubiquitination activity of NEDD4-1 with an IC50 of 12.3μM, which is significantly better than its precursor compound I3C of 284μM. 1-Benzyl-I3C and its analogs showed good effects in inhibiting the proliferation of human melanoma cells, which is roughly related to their potency as NEDD4-1 enzyme inhibitors. By combining in vitro ubiquitination experiments and thermal stability analysis, 1-Benzyl-I3C was shown to be able to bind to the catalytic HECT domain of NEDD4-1.

Camalexin is a phytoalexin isolated from Camelina sativa (Cruciferae) with antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative and anticancer activities. Camalexin can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

Scopolin is a coumarin isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) roots. Scopolin attenuated hepatic steatosis through activation of SIRT1-mediated signaling cascades.

Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside is an orally active natural compound. Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside increases P-ERK, ERK, P-Akt (Ser473), P-PI3K, and PDX-1. Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside downregulates C/EBPα and inhibits lipase. Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside reduces lipids and inhibits obesity.

Mesaconic acid is an active product that can be extracted from Saxifraga stolonifera. Mesaconic acid is used as a fire retardant and is a competitive inhibitor of fumarate reduction.

Sulforaphene, isolated from radish seeds, exhibits an ED₅₀ against velvetleaf seedlings approximately 2 x 10^-4 M. Sulforaphene promotes cancer cells apoptosis and inhibits migration via inhibiting EGFR, p-ERK1/2, NF‐κB and other signals.

2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2M4VP), a naturally Germination inhibitor, exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects.

Iberverin (-Methylthiopropyl isothiocyanate) is a sulforaphane homolog. Iberverin has anticancer activity. Iberverin inhibits cell proliferation and migration. Iberverin induces mitochondrial-related apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species.