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3α-Hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase (NAD )

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Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-137592

Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide ε-NAD	Fluorescent Dye Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GLDH)	Others
Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide (ε-NAD) is a fluorescent analog of NAD. Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide can be cleaved by phosphodiesterase I (from C. adamanteus venom) and binds to bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase. Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide can serve as a substrate for G-ADP ribosylation of G proteins catalyzed by bacterial toxins. Nicotinamide 1,N6-ethenoadenine dinucleotide can be used as a fluorescent substrate for the study of ADP ribosylation reactions .

HY-B0445A

NAD sodium Maximum Cited Publications 45 Publications Verification β-DPN sodium; β-NAD sodium; β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide sodium	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
NAD sodium is an orally effective cofactor and homeostatic regulator. NAD sodium can be reduced to β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) during coupling with reactions that oxidize organic substrates. NAD sodium can be converted to β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and passes to the inside of mitochondria, which indirectly generates ATP. NAD sodium can be used for the research of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and glucose intolerance ^[3] .

HY-P2907

Formate dehydrogenase	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
Formate dehydrogenase is a class of oxidoreductases widely distributed in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. Formate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible conversion between formic acid and carbon dioxide, accompanied by redox reactions of the coenzyme NAD ⁺/NADH or other electron carriers .

HY-P2996

NAD(P)H-Nitrate reductase 1 Publications Verification	Others	Others
NAD(P)H-Nitrate reductase is isolated from Aspergillus niger that catalyses the reduction of nitrate to nitrite via a two-electron transfer. In plants, the electron donor for Nitrate reductase is NADPH is NADH:Nitrate reductase and a bispecific NAD(P)H: Nitrate reductase .

HY-P2807F

*Lactate Dehydrogenase* (LDH), Bovine Heart** LAD, LD, L-LDH, (S)-Lactate: NAD+ oxidoreductase	Lactate Dehydrogenase	Cardiovascular Disease
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Bovine Heart (LAD) is an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reversible conversion between lactate and pyruvate. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Bovine Heart is mainly used in life science research, tissue damage diagnosis, and as an enzyme marker ^[3].

HY-P2807I

*L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, rabbit muscle*	Lactate Dehydrogenase	Others
L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, rabbit muscle is a biological material or organic compound that can be used in life science research .

HY-B0445S

NAD+-13C5 ammonium β-DPN-13C5 ammonium; β-NAD-13C5 ammonium; β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-13C5 ammonium	Isotope-Labeled Compounds	Metabolic Disease
NAD+-13C5 (ammonium) is the ¹³C labled NAD+ (HY-B0445), with an ammonium .

HY-P2947

ALDH Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P))	Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)	Others Cancer
ALDH (Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P))) catalyzes the oxidation of aldehydes into their corresponding carboxylic acids with the concomitant reduction of the cofactor NAD(P) into NAD(P)H, is often used in biochemical studies. The ALDHs are one of many enzyme systems the body utilizes to alleviate aldehyde stress .

HY-P2909

*Formaldehyde dehydrogenase, Pseudomonas sp* 1 Publications Verification	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Formaldehyde dehydrogenase is a widely occuring enzyme that can catalyze S-hydroxymethylglutathione in the presence of NAD. Formaldehyde dehydrogenase detoxifies formaldehyde within cells through capturing and limiting it from reaching a toxic level. Formaldehyde dehydrogenase can be studied in research on M. tuberculosis .

HY-P3185

beta-Galactose dehydrogenase	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Metabolic Disease
Beta-galactose dehydrogenase is a selective catalyst for β-galactose. Under pH 8.6 conditions, beta-galactose dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of β-galactose, produced by the hydrolysis of lactose by β-galactosidase, with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to produce reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Beta-galactose dehydrogenase specifically mediates this oxidation reaction for the quantitative detection of the substrate, used in the analysis of lactose concentration in samples such as breast milk .

HY-P2897

*D-Lactate dehydrogenase, Microorganism* 1 Publications Verification D-LDH	Lactate Dehydrogenase	Others
D-Lactate dehydrogenase, Microorganism (D-LDH) is an oxidoreductase that uses NAD ⁺ or NADP ⁺ as an acceptor and acts on the donor CH-OH group, and can catalyze the oxidation of D-lactate to pyruvate. D-Lactate dehydrogenase widely exists in bacteria and fungi, and is often used in biochemical research .

HY-117029

NAAD sodium 1 Publications Verification Deamido nad sodium	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
NAAD sodium (Deamido nad sodium), a functional NAD ⁺ precursor, is the substrate of glutamine-dependent NAD ⁺ synthetase. NAAD sodium is used to study the structure of nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferases .

HY-P3186A

**NAD-dependent Glucose dehydrogenase** GDH-NAD	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
NAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (GDH-NAD) is an oxidoreductase that uses NAD ⁺ as a coenzyme, specifically catalyzes the dehydrogenation of glucose to gluconolactone, and reduces NAD ⁺ to NADH. NAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase exhibits favorable substrate selectivity and stability, and is not affected by oxygen .

HY-131924

Thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide Thio-NAD	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (Thio-NAD) is a thione-modified analog of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD ⁺). Thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide can replace NAD ⁺ in enzymatic reactions and shift the absorption peak to 405 nM, enabling sensitive, real-time kinetic detection of enzyme activity, which is particularly suitable for high-sensitivity diagnostic cyclic detection systems .

HY-P2911

*Glutamate dehydrogenase* (NAD(P))** GLDH	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Others
Glutamate dehydrogenase NAD(P) (GLDH) can be found in hepatocytes, renal tissue, brain, muscle, and intestinal cells. Glutamate dehydrogenase NAD(P) is often used in biochemical studies. Glutamate dehydrogenase is a mitochondrial enzyme, it catalyzes the reversible oxidative deamination of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) as part of the urea cycle .

HY-P3186

*Glucose dehydrogenase, recombinant Microorganisms*	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glucose dehydrogenase, recombinant Microorganisms is a FDA-dependent oxidoreductase. Glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyzes the oxidation of β-D-glucose to β-D-glucono-1,5-lactone with simultaneous reduction of the cofactor NADP ⁺ to NADPH or, to a lesser extent, NAD ⁺ to NADH. Glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) accepts both NAD ⁺ and NADP ⁺ as cofactors and can be used for the regeneration of NADH and NADPH .

HY-131485

3-Acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide, 90% 3-APAD, 90%; 3-Acetylpyridine NAD, 90%	Lactate Dehydrogenase	Metabolic Disease
3-Acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide, 90% is an analog of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). 33-Acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide, 90% collaboratively inhibits Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) with bisulfite .

HY-P2765

*Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, rabbit muscle* GPDH; α-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase; Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, rabbit muscle (GPDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible redox conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a glycolytic enzyme and is responsible for the re-oxidation of NADH to NAD ⁺ and energy supply .

HY-131009

*Fluorescein-NAD+*	PARP	Others
Fluorescein-NAD+ is an alternative to radiolabeled NAD and a substrate for ADP-ribosylation. Fluorescein-NAD+ can be used in PARP assays by fluorescence microscopy. Extinction Coefficient: 262 nm.

HY-134279

*8-Br-NAD+ sodium*	Calcium Channel	Others
8-Br-NAD+ sodium is an NAD+ derivative that acts as a substrate for transfer to diversely modified ADP-ribosylated molecules .

HY-B0445B

α-NAD α-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide	Mitochondrial Metabolism Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
α-NAD (α-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) serves as a substrate for reninase, functions as an analog of β-NAD, affects the kinetics of NAD-dependent enzymes, and also plays a critical role as a cofactor in mitochondrial redox reactions .

HY-E70398

Sorbitol dehydrogenase L-Iditol dehydrogenase; Polyol dehydrogenase; SDH	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Metabolic Disease
Sorbitol dehydrogenase (L-Iditol dehydrogenase) is an oxidoreductasea and catalyses the conversion of sorbitol to fructose with NAD ⁺ as the coenzyme. Sorbitol dehydrogenase catalyses pH-dependent redox reactions between NAD ⁺/NADH and sorbitol/fructose. Sorbitol dehydrogenase is implicated in diabetic complications and is a biomarker of drug-induced liver injury. Sorbitol dehydrogenase can be used for the research of diabetes and liver injury .

HY-E70020

*UDP-Glc dehydrogenase* (UGDH)**	Others	Others
UDP-Glc dehydrogenase (UGDH) catalyzes is a NAD+-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the two-fold oxidation of UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) to produce UDP-glucuronic acid. UDP-Glc dehydrogenase (UGDH) is a key enzyme in the nucleotide-sugar interconversion pathway necessary for biosynthesis of many cell-wall polysaccharides .

HY-134358A

*Ara-F-NAD+ sodium*	CD38	Neurological Disease
Ara-F-NAD+ sodium is an arabino analogue of NAD ⁺. Ara-F-NAD+ sodium is a potent, reversible and slow-binding CD38 NADase inhibitor .

HY-W250163

NAD+ lithium 40+ Cited Publications β-DPN lithium; β-NAD lithium; β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide lithium	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Metabolic Disease
NAD+ lithium (β-DPN lithium) is a lithium salt of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme in the REDOX reaction. NAD+ can directly or indirectly affect several key cellular functions, including metabolic pathways, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, cell aging, and immune cell function .

HY-P2740B

*Alcohol dehydrogenase, yeast*	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Alcohol dehydrogenase, yeast is an alcohol dehydrogenase expressed in yeast. It can catalyze the conversion between ethanol and acetaldehyde, while also reducing NAD or NADP, and it plays a role in glycolysis and aerobic respiration .

HY-P2725

Glycerol dehydrogenase	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glycerol dehydrogenase is a polyol dehydrogenase that catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone. Glycerol dehydrogenase can be used for glycerol metabolism in diverse microorganisms .

HY-P2964

Phenylalanine dehydrogenase	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Phenylalanine dehydrogenase is an NAD ⁺-dependent oxidoreductase targeting L-phenylalanine. Phenylalanine dehydrogenase catalyzes deamination to phenylpyruvate and NADH as part of amino acid metabolism regulation. Phenylalanine dehydrogenase is promising for research of phenylketonuria (PKU) .

HY-P2993

*Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Porcine heart* ICDH; IDH	Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Porcine heart (ICDH) is a citric acid or tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme, is often used in biochemical studies. Isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate and reduces NAD(P) ⁺ to NAD(P)H, it plays important roles in cellular metabolism .

HY-P2765A

*Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, microorganism* GPDH, microorganism; α-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, microorganism; Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase, microorganism	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, microorganism (GPDH, microorganism) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible redox conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to sn-glycerol 3-phosphate.Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a glycolytic enzyme and is responsible for the re-oxidation of NADH to NAD ⁺ and energy supply .

HY-E70410

NAD Synthetase NAD+ Synthetase; Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase	Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
NAD synthetase is responsible for the final step in the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The K_m values for NAD, ATP, and ammonia of NAD synthetase from Escherichia coli are 200 μM, 11 μM, and 0.65 μM, respectively, while the K_m values for NAD, ATP, and ammonia of NAD synthetase from yeast are 170 μM, 190 μM, and 64 μM, respectively. NAD synthetase can be used for enzymatic assays to determine ATP, ammonia, urea, or creatinine, and is also suitable for enzymatic cycling methods. Additionally, NAD synthetase holds potential for research into metabolic diseases, cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases .

HY-E70406

*Cholesterol Dehydrogenase, Nocardia sp.* CHDH-5	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
Cholesterol Dehydrogenase, Nocardia sp. is an enzyme that uses nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)) as its cofactor in oxidizing cholesterol to form cholest-4-en-3-one. This enzyme oxidizes the hydroxyl group at the 3 position of the sterol ring to form a ketone.

HY-P2807K

*L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, bovine muscle*	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, bovine muscle is an oxidoreductase. L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, bovine muscle catalyzes the reversible conversion of lactate to pyruvate with the reduction of NAD+ to NADH .

HY-131829

*N6-(2-Aminoethyl)-NAD+* 6-AE-NAD+	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
N6-(2-Aminoethyl)-NAD+ (6-AE-NAD+) is a NAD+ derivative commonly used in affinity chromatography. N6-(2-Aminoethyl)-NAD+ can be covalently linked to a PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone) (HY-100196) monolayer on an electrode surface for immobilizing NAD+-dependent enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) .

HY-134358

*Ara-F-NAD+*	CD38	Neurological Disease
Ara-F-NAD+ is an arabino analogue of NAD ⁺. Ara-F-NAD+ is a potent, reversible and slow-binding CD38 NADase inhibitor .

HY-P2807J

*L-Lactate Dehydrogenase* (L-LDH), pig muscle**	Lactate Dehydrogenase	Metabolic Disease
L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (L-LDH), pig muscle is an L-lactate dehydrogenase found in pig muscle, mainly present in anaerobic tissues (skeletal muscle, red blood cells). L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (L-LDH), pig muscle can interact with acidic liposomes at low pH, causing protein to adsorb onto the liposomes and inhibit enzyme activity. The IC₅₀ values for L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (L-LDH), pig muscle are 0.05 μM for cardiolipin and 1.3 μM for phosphatidylserine liposomes .

HY-B0445AR

NAD sodium (Standard) β-DPN sodium (Standard); β-NAD sodium (Standard); β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide sodium (Standard)	Endogenous Metabolite Reference Standards	Metabolic Disease
NAD sodium (Standard) is the analytical standard of NAD sodium. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. NAD (β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) sodium is an analogue of NAD. NAD sodium can be reduced to β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) during coupling with reactions which oxidize organic substrates. NAD sodium can be converted to β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and passes to the inside of mitochondria that indirectly generates ATP .

HY-125863A

*Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase* (Leuconostoc sp., recombinant)** G6PD (Leuconostoc sp., recombinant)	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Leuconostoc sp., recombinant) is an NADP-dependent enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, which is one of the ways glucose is metabolized. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Leuconostoc sp., recombinant) can be used to quantify ATP, glucose, and creatine kinase .

HY-E71715

3α-Hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase (NAD+)

HY-127127

Deamino-NAD	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
Deamino-NAD is a structural analog of NAD+ (HY-B0445). Deamino-NAD is involved in glycolysis as a substrate for rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), with a K_m of 2300 pm, and a K_d of 112 pm .

HY-177842

*Liposomal NAD+*	Liposome	Metabolic Disease
Liposomal NAD+ is a specialized delivery system that encapsulates NAD+ within tiny liposomes. These liposomes act as protective shells, enhancing the absorption and bioavailability of NAD+. NAD+ (β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), also known as Coenzym

HY-131009A

*Fluorescein-NAD+ sodium*	PARP	Others
Fluorescein-NAD+ sodium is an alternative to radiolabeled NAD and a substrate for ADP-ribosylation. Fluorescein-NAD+ sodium can be used in PARP assays by fluorescence microscopy. Extinction Coefficient: 262 nm.

HY-137673

*2'-Deoxy-NAD+*	NADH Dehydrogenase	Others
2'-Deoxy-NAD+ is a noncompetitive *NAD+* inhibitor with a K_i of 32 μM. 2'-Deoxy-NAD+ can be utilized as a substrate to study the ADP-ribosyl transfer reaction .

HY-131485A

3-Acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide, 95% 3-APAD, 95%; 3-Acetylpyridine NAD, 95%	Lactate Dehydrogenase	Metabolic Disease
3-Acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide, 95% (3-APAD, 95%)is an analog of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). 33-Acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide, 95% collaboratively inhibits Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) with bisulfite .

HY-P10457

*15-Hydroxy* prostaglandin dehydrogenase blocking peptide** 15-PGDH (92-105)	15-PGDH	Others
5-Hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase blocking peptide (15-PGDH (92-105)) is a blocking peptide that corresponds to the amino acids (AGVNNEKNWEKTLQ) located at positions 92-105 of the 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) sequence. 5-Hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase blocking peptide can block the formation of protein-antibody complexes during immunohistochemical analysis of 15-PGDH .

HY-E70238

2-Azido-NAD Nicotinamide 2-azidoadenine dinucleotide	Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GLDH)	Others
2-Azido-NAD is a NAD ⁺ analog that can be used for visualization of intracellular Poly(ADP ribos)ylation (PARylation) processes .

HY-E71715A

3α-Hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase (NADP+)

HY-E70412

*Galactose 1-dehydrogenase, E.coli*	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Galactose 1-dehydrogenase, E.coli is a dehydrogenase expressed in E. coli. Galactose 1-dehydrogenase, E.coli catalyzes the oxidation of L-arabinose and D-galactose using NADP ⁺/NAD ⁺ as cofactors. Galactose 1-dehydrogenase, E.coli can be used in diagnostic tests to determine total galactose content and can also serve as a biocatalyst for producing galacturonate .

HY-127127A

*Deamino-NAD* sodium**	Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Deamino-NAD sodium is a structural analog of NAD+ (HY-B0445). Deamino-NAD sodium is involved in glycolysis as a substrate for rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), with a K_m of 2300 pm, and a K_d of 112 pm .

HY-P2993A

*Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Microorganism* ICDH, Microorganism; IDH, Microorganism	Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)	Metabolic Disease
Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Microorganism (IDH) (EC 1.1.1.42) is a citric acid or tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme, is often used in biochemical studies. Isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate and reduces NAD(P) ⁺ to NAD(P)H, it plays important roles in cellular metabolism .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-B0150

Nicotinamide Maximum Cited Publications 90 Publications Verification Niacinamide; Nicotinic acid amide	Structural Classification Alkaloids Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Neurological Disease Pyridine Alkaloids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Environmental Pollutants Endogenous Metabolite Sirtuin HBV Organoid
Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC₅₀: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD₊, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity ^[3] .

HY-B0445

NAD+ 40+ Cited Publications β-DPN; β-NAD; β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Anti-aging Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
NAD+ is a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage.

HY-F0004

Fosribnicotinamide 25+ Cited Publications β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide; β-NM; NMN	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Neurological Disease Other disease Anti-aging Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Endogenous Metabolite
Fosribnicotinamide (β-nicotinamide mononucleotide) is a product of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) reaction and a key NAD ⁺ intermediate. The pharmacological activities of Fosribnicotinamide include its role in cellular biochemical functions, cardioprotection, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and complications associated with obesity .

HY-123033A

Nicotinamide riboside chloride 25+ Cited Publications	Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Neurological Disease Animals Anti-aging Pyridine Alkaloids Metabolic Disease Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Sirtuin Endogenous Metabolite
Nicotinamide riboside Chloride, an orally active NAD ⁺ precursor, increases NAD ⁺ levels and activates SIRT1 and *SIRT3*. Nicotinamide riboside Chloride is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities . Nicotinamide riboside Chloride reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-B0152

Adenine Maximum Cited Publications 22 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite
Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis ^[3].

HY-B0083

Leflunomide 15+ Cited Publications HWA486; RS-34821; SU101	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial
Leflunomide is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), and acts as a disease-modifying antirheumatic agent.

HY-W013046

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate pentasodium PRPP pentasodium	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) pentasodium is an important metabolite required in the biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, the amino acids histidine and tryptophan, and the cofactors NAD and NADP .

HY-N0645

Dicoumarol 10+ Cited Publications Dicumarol	Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Coumarins Phenylpropanoids Plants Disease Research Fields Biological Pesticide Research Source Classification Cancer Agricultural Research	Quinone Reductase PDHK
Dicoumarol is an inhibitor of both NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and PDK1 with IC₅₀s of 0.37 and 19.42 μM, respectively.

HY-B0964

Riboflavin phosphate sodium 2 Publications Verification Riboflavine phosphate sodium; Riboflavin 5'-phosphate sodium; Riboflavine 5'-phosphate sodium	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Riboflavin phosphate sodium (FMN-Na) is a derivative of Riboflavin (vitamin B2) which is an essential nutrient for animals. Riboflavin phosphate sodium can be used for the research of progressive keratoconus, corneal ectasia and irregular astigmatism . Riboflavine phosphate sodium is a very effective NAD ⁺-recycling agent ^[3].

HY-113076

Thiamine pyrophosphate 1 Publications Verification Cocarboxylase	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Thiamine pyrophosphate is the coenzyme form of Vitamin B1, and is a required intermediate in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Thiamine pyrophosphate is necessary for oxidative phosphorylation and the pentose phosphate pathway by acting as a cofactor for α-ketoacid dehydrogenases ^[3].

HY-W013032

Oxamic acid 55+ Cited Publications Oxamidic acid	Microorganisms Source Classification	Lactate Dehydrogenase Apoptosis
Oxamic acid is a lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) inhibitor. Oxamic acid shows anti-tumor activity, and anti-proliferative activity against cancer cells, and can induce apoptosis ^[3].

HY-B0421

Mycophenolic acid 10+ Cited Publications Mycophenolate	Infection Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Inflammation/Immunology Source Classification	Dengue Virus Apoptosis Bacterial Fungal Endogenous Metabolite Antibiotic Flavivirus
Mycophenolic acid is a potent uncompetitive inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor with an EC₅₀ of 0.24 µM. Mycophenolic acid demonstrates antiviral effects against a wide range of RNA viruses including influenza. Mycophenolic acid is an immunosuppressive agent. Antiangiogenic and antitumor effects .

HY-W015495

L-Dihydroorotic acid 1 Publications Verification	Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase
L-Dihydroorotic acid is an important intermediate in the metabolism of orotic acid and a substrate of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme .

HY-W012926

Dihydrouracil 1 Publications Verification 5,6-Dihydrouracil	Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Disease markers Metabolic Disease Endocrine diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Dihydrouracil (5,6-Dihydrouracil), a metabolite of Uracil, can be used as a marker for identification of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)-deficient .

HY-Y1787

Dimethyl malonate 5+ Cited Publications	Structural Classification Natural Products Melia azedarach L. Plants Meliaceae Source Classification	Apoptosis
Dimethyl malonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Dimethyl malonate is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and hydrolyse to malonate. Dimethyl malonate reduces neuronal apoptosis .

HY-W104368

Nicotinic acid riboside	Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Agrostidoideae Pyridine Alkaloids Metabolic Disease Plants Disease Research Fields Triticum aestivum L. Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Nicotinic acid riboside is a NAD ⁺ precursor in human cells. Nicotinic acid riboside is an authentic intermediate of human NAD ⁺ metabolism .

HY-113432

Nudifloramide 2PY	Structural Classification Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Other disease Disease markers Pyridine Alkaloids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite PARP
Nudifloramide (2PY) is one of the end products of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) degradation. Nudifloramide significantly inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) activity in vitro .

HY-12688A

Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt 10+ Cited Publications	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Amyloid-β
Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt is a α-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex (KGDHC) modulator with neuroprotective activity. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt protects this complex, reduces cellular succinyl-CoA concentration, downregulates protein succinylation levels, and inhibits the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt corrects hypoxic or ethanol-induced behavioral impairments, modulates exploratory behavior and emotional stress responses, and improves hypoxia tolerance. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt reduces glutamate excitotoxicity, restores the activity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, reverses the changes in glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activities induced by β-amyloid (Amyloid-β), modulates cognitive function, and prevents β-amyloid-induced neuronal damage. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt improves microglial senescence, alleviates neuroinflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Succinyl phosphonate trisodium salt can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease, aging-related neuroinflammation, and Parkinson's disease ^[3] .

HY-125863

*Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Microorganism* G6PD	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Endogenous Metabolite
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Microorganism (G6PD) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Microorganism is a primary source of NADPH in antioxidant pathways, nitric oxide synthase, NADPH oxidase, cytochrome p450 systems, and others. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Microorganism is applicable in research related to diabetes, endothelial dysfunction, cancer, and cardiomyopathy ^[3] .

HY-128700

Nicotinic acid mononucleotide 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Sirtuin
Nicotinic acid mononucleotide acts as a SARM1 inhibitor and a NAD ⁺ biosynthesis intermediate, with an IC₅₀ value of 93.3 μM against SARM1. Nicotinic acid mononucleotide exerts axon-protective effects, delays axonal degeneration, elevates NAD ⁺ levels, enhances Sirt1 activity, improves myocardial capillary density and alleviates myocardial fibrosis. Nicotinic acid mononucleotide reverses diabetic cardiomyopathy in diabetic mice by increasing myocardial NAD ⁺ levels. Nicotinic acid mononucleotide is applicable to research related to cancer, multiple sclerosis, diabetic cardiomyopathy, neurodegenerative diseases and Huntington's disease ^[3] .

HY-B0152B

Adenine hemisulfate 20+ Cited Publications 6-Aminopurine hemisulfate; Vitamin B4 hemisulfate	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite
Adenine hemisulfate (6-Aminopurine hemisulfate), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine hemisulfate acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine hemisulfate also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-113013

Hydroxypyruvic acid β-Hydroxypyruvic acid; 3-Hydroxypyruvic acid	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Hydroxypyruvic acid (β-Hydroxypyruvic acid) is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine. Hydroxypyruvic acid is a substrate for serine-pyruvate aminotransferase and glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase. Hydroxypyruvic acid is involved in the metabolic disorder which is the dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency pathway.

HY-123033

Nicotinamide riboside	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Neurological Disease Animals Anti-aging Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Sirtuin Endogenous Metabolite
Nicotinamide riboside, an orally active NAD ⁺ precursor, increases NAD ⁺ levels and activates SIRT1 and *SIRT3*. Nicotinamide riboside is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities . Nicotinamide riboside reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-N2597

Prunetin 3 Publications Verification	Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Trifolium pratense Linn. Disease Research Fields Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Inflammation/Immunology Source Classification Isoflavones	Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH)
Prunetin, an O-methylated isoflavone, possesses anti-inflammatory activity. Prunetin is a potent human aldehyde dehydrogenases inhibitor .

HY-W004784

3-Butynoic acid	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
3-Butynoic acid is an inhibitor of acyl CoA dehydrogenase. 3-Butynoic acid is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups. 3-Butynoic acid can reduce the formation of propionate and acrylic acid concentration-dependently .

HY-76006

3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde M-Hydroxybenzaldehyde	Cardiovascular Disease other families Microorganisms Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Phenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) NF-κB p38 MAPK
3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (3-HBA) is a precursor compound for phenolic compounds like Protocatechuic aldehyde (PCA) (HY-N0295). 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, produced by 3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol dehydrogenase, is a substrate of *aldehyde dehydrogenase* (ALDH)** in rats and humans. 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde has vasculoprotective effects in vitro and in vivo. 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is proming for research of atherosclerosis ^[3] .

HY-113355

NADH	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
NADH is an orally active dehydrogenase coenzyme that acts as a crucial electron carrier in cellular respiration and participates in ATP production. NADH promotes metabolism, supports brain function, and counteracts oxidative stress by transferring electrons to the electron transport chain. As a signaling molecule, NADH regulates multiple biological processes, including anti-apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and calcium homeostasis. Redox imbalance of NADH/NAD⁺ is one of the key pathological mechanisms of various diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

HY-N7114A

Chloramphenicol succinate sodium 3 Publications Verification	Infection Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Metabolic Disease Disease Research Antibacterial Disease Research Fields Other Antibiotics Source Classification	Bacterial P2Y Receptor Succinate Dehydrogenase Drug Intermediate
Chloramphenicol succinate sodium is a prodrug of Chloramphenicol (HY-B0239), acting as a P2Y14R inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 1.585 nM. Chloramphenicol succinate sodium serves as a competitive substrate and inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), which may account for its toxicity. Chloramphenicol succinate sodium exerts a significant inhibitory effect on colitis. Chloramphenicol succinate sodium can be used in research related to myelosuppression, gray baby syndrome, aplastic anemia, bacterial meningitis and inflammatory bowel disease ^[3].

HY-113201

Tetradecanoylcarnitine	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Metabolic Disease Endocrine diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Tetradecanoylcarnitine is an acylcarnitine involved in mitochondrial β-oxidation of long-chain saturated fatty acids and fatty acid metabolism. Tetradecanoylcarnitine serves as a biomarker for very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and MPTP (HY-15608)-induced Parkinson's disease. Tetradecanoylcarnitine exhibits a characteristic significant elevation in plasma levels in patients with sarcopenia, including those complicated with hypertension, and this elevation is closely associated with an increased risk of death. Tetradecanoylcarnitine is widely used in research on the pathological mechanisms of diseases such as Parkinson's disease and sarcopenia .

HY-W013713

Riboflavin phosphate sodium hydrate Riboflavine phosphate sodium hydrate; Riboflavin 5'-phosphate sodium hydrate; Riboflavine 5'-phosphate sodium hydrate	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Riboflavine phosphate sodium hydrate (Riboflavine 5'-phosphate sodium hydrate) is a derivative of Riboflavin (vitamin B2) which is an essential nutrient for animals. Riboflavine phosphate sodium hydrate can be used for the research of progressive keratoconus, corneal ectasia and irregular astigmatism . Riboflavine phosphate sodium hydrate is a very effective NAD ⁺-recycling agent ^[3].

HY-N7395

Cyclic ADP-ribose 1 Publications Verification cADPR	Cardiovascular Disease Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Neurological Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology Source Classification	Calcium Channel TRP Channel Endogenous Metabolite
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is a potent second messenger for calcium mobilization that is synthesized from NAD ⁺ by an ADP-ribosyl cyclase. Cyclic ADP-ribose increases cytosolic calcium mainly by Ryanodine receptor-mediated release from endoplasmic reticulum and also by extracellular influx through the opening of TRPM2 channels ^[3].

HY-105055

Didemnin B 1 Publications Verification	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Animals Marine natural products Other marine organisms Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Others
Didemnin B is a depsipeptide extracted from the marine tunicate Trididemnin cyanophorum. Didemnin B can be used for the research of cancer .

HY-117029

NAAD sodium 1 Publications Verification Deamido nad sodium	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
NAAD sodium (Deamido nad sodium), a functional NAD ⁺ precursor, is the substrate of glutamine-dependent NAD ⁺ synthetase. NAAD sodium is used to study the structure of nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferases .

HY-134421

2-Butenoyl coenzyme A lithium	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR)
2-Butenoyl coenzyme A lithium is an inactivator and a substrate of Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-β-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase and other enoyl-CoA reductases, and it is also the lithium salt of trans-2-methyl-2-butenoyl coenzyme A. 2-Butenoyl coenzyme A lithium acts on short-chain and medium-chain coenzyme A dehydrogenases as well as glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase, and shows no activity against wild-type isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase. 2-Butenoyl coenzyme A lithium functions as a metabolite in the L-isoleucine catabolic pathway, and can serve as a substrate in the activity assay of 3-ketothiolase. 2-Butenoyl coenzyme A lithium is applicable to research related to 3-ketothiolase deficiency ^[3].

HY-116934

5-Pentadecylresorcinol 1 Publications Verification Adipostatin A	Infection Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ardisia brevicaulis Diels Phenols Polyphenols Plants Myrsinaceae Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Insecticide
5-Pentadecylresorcinol (Adipostatin A) is a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 4.1 μM. Adipostatin A shows good larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti .

HY-W012658

2-Methylacetophenone O-Methylacetophenone	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Xanthine Oxidase
2-Methylacetophenone (O-Methylacetophenone), acetophenone derivative and acaricide, is a xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) inhibitor. 2-Methylacetophenone competitively binds to the XDH active site, blocking the pathway for xanthine to be converted to uric acid. 2-Methylacetophenone can be used for the study of hyperuricemia and house dust .

HY-Z0031

(R)-(-)-1,2-Propanediol	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Natural Products Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Drug Isomer
(R)-(-)-1,2-Propanediol is the (R)-isomer of 1,2-Propanediol (HY-Y0921). 1,2-Propanediol is an important bulk chemical product .

HY-B0152A

Adenine hydrochloride 20+ Cited Publications 6-Aminopurine hydrochloride; Vitamin B4 hydrochloride	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite
Adenine hydrochloride (6-Aminopurine hydrochloride), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine hydrochloride acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine hydrochloride also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis ^[3].

HY-113098

2-Oxovaleric acid	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Lactate Dehydrogenase Drug Derivative
2-Oxovaleric acid is an analog of Pyruvate and a substrate inhibitor of Lactate dehydrogenase, exhibiting substrate inhibitory activity against lactate dehydrogenase from Phycomyces blakesleeanus .

HY-B0421A

Mycophenolic acid sodium 10+ Cited Publications Mycophenolate sodium	Infection Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Phenols Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Inflammation/Immunology Source Classification Cancer	Dengue Virus Apoptosis Bacterial Fungal Antibiotic Endogenous Metabolite Flavivirus
Mycophenolic acid sodium is a potent uncompetitive inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor with an EC₅₀ of 0.24 µM. Mycophenolic acid sodium demonstrates antiviral effects against a wide range of RNA viruses including influenza. Mycophenolic acid sodium is an immunosuppressive agent. Antiangiogenic and antitumor effects .

HY-156193

PF-07208254	Cardiovascular Disease Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	PDHK
PF-07208254 is a selective, orally active allosteric inhibitor of *branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase* kinase (BDK) (IC₅₀=110 nM, K_i=54 nM, K_D=84 nM). PF-07208254 inhibits BDK-mediated BCKDH phosphorylation and enhances the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs)** by binding to the allosteric pocket of BDK, reducing BDK binding to BCKDH-E2 and promoting BDK degradation. PF-07208254 inhibits BDK activity in human skeletal muscle cells (IC₅₀=540 nM) and has activity to improve cardiac function and metabolism. PF-07208254 can be used in the study of cardiometabolic diseases (e.g., heart failure, type 2 diabetes) .

HY-W008129

H-D-cis-Hyp-OH	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Drug Intermediate Bacterial
H-D-cis-Hyp-OH is a proline derivative and also a substrate of cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline dehydrogenase from Sinorhizobium meliloti. H-D-cis-Hyp-OH serves as a starting material for the synthesis of conformationally constrained pyrrolidine PNA adenine monomers .

HY-113158

4-Hydroxyhippuric acid	Immune System Disorder Disease markers Endogenous metabolite	Drug Metabolite
4-Hydroxyhippuric acid is a metabolite of polyphenols. 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid is generated via medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD)-dependent β-oxidation of microbially-produced 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, followed by host glycine conjugation. 4-Hydroxyhippuric acid can be simultaneously detected in urine as a biomarker of dietary polyphenol intake .

HY-123033C

Nicotinamide riboside malate 25+ Cited Publications	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Sirtuin Endogenous Metabolite
Nicotinamide riboside malate, an orally active NAD ⁺ precursor, increases NAD ⁺ levels and activates SIRT1 and *SIRT3*. Nicotinamide riboside malate is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities . Nicotinamide riboside malate reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease .

HY-123033AR

Nicotinamide riboside chloride (Standard)	Structural Classification Alkaloids Animals Pyridine Alkaloids Source Classification	Reference Standards Sirtuin Endogenous Metabolite
Nicotinamide riboside (chloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nicotinamide riboside (chloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nicotinamide riboside Chloride, an orally active NAD+ precursor, increases NAD+ levels and activates SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nicotinamide riboside Chloride is a source of vitamin B3 (niacin) and enhances oxidative metabolism, protection against high fat diet-induced metabolic abnormalities[1]. Nicotinamide riboside Chloride reduces cognitive deterioration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease[2].

HY-W001941

D-Cystine	Microorganisms Source Classification	Drug Isomer Bacterial Antibiotic
D-Cystine is the D-enantiomer of L-Cystine. D-Cystine inhibits L-aspartate-β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) from Escherichia coli .

HY-N2337

11beta-Hydroxyprogesterone 4 Publications Verification 11β-Hydroxyprogesterone	Cardiovascular Disease Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Steroids	11β-HSD
11beta-Hydroxyprogesterone is a potent inhibitors of 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; also activates human mineralocorticoid receptor in COS-7 cells with an ED₅₀ of 10 nM.

HY-17462

Adrenosterone (+)-Adrenosterone	Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Endocrinology Source Classification Steroids	Androgen Receptor Endogenous Metabolite
Adrenosterone ((+)-Adrenosterone) is a competitive *hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase* 1 (HSD11β1)** inhibitor. Adrenosterone is a steroid hormone with weak androgenic effect. Adrenosterone is a dietary supplement that can decrease fat and increase muscle mass. Adrenosterone acts as a suppressor of metastatic progression of human cancer cells ^[3].

HY-N7335

Dehydroglyasperin C	Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Neurological Disease Leguminosae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Disease Research Fields Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Inflammation/Immunology Source Classification Isoflavones	Quinone Reductase Others
Dehydroglyasperin C, a isoflavone, is a potent NAD(P)H:oxidoquinone reductase (NQO1) and phase 2 enzyme inducer. Dehydroglyasperin C has antioxidant, neuroprotective, cancer chemopreventive, and anti-inflammatory activities ^[3].

HY-B0964A

Riboflavin phosphate Riboflavine phosphate; Riboflavin 5'-phosphate; Riboflavine 5'-phosphate	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Riboflavine phosphate is a derivative of Riboflavin (vitamin B2) which is an essential nutrient for animals. Riboflavin phosphate can be used for the research of progressive keratoconus, corneal ectasia and irregular astigmatism . Riboflavine phosphate is a very effective NAD ⁺-recycling agent ^[3].

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-B0150S

Nicotinamide-d4 1 Publications Verification
Nicotinamide-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Nicotinamide. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 that plays essential roles in cell physiology through facilitating NAD+ redox homeostasis and providing NAD+ as a substrate to a class of enzymes that catalyze non-redox reactions. Nicotinamide is an inhibitor of SIRT1.

HY-B0152S1

Adenine-13C 2 Publications Verification
Adenine- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Adenine . Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis ^[3] .

HY-B0445S

NAD+-13C5 ammonium
NAD+-13C5 (ammonium) is the ¹³C labled NAD+ (HY-B0445), with an ammonium .

HY-W654288

NAD+-d4
NAD+-d₄ is the deuterium-labeled NAD+ (HY-B0445). NAD+-d₄ is a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage.

HY-113076S

Thiamine pyrophosphate-d3
Thiamine pyrophosphate-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Thiamine pyrophosphate. Thiamine pyrophosphate is the coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 and is a required intermediate in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex.

HY-B0421S

Mycophenolic acid-d3

1 Publications Verification

Mycophenolic acid-d₃ (Mycophenolate-d₃) is deuterium labeled Mycophenolic acid (HY-B0421). Mycophenolic acid is a potent uncompetitive inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor with an EC₅₀ of 0.24 μM. Mycophenolic acid demonstrates antiviral effects against a wide range of RNA viruses including influenza. Mycophenolic acid is an immunosuppressive agent. Antiangiogenic and antitumor effects.

HY-F0004S

Fosribnicotinamide-d4

Fosribnicotinamide-d₄ (β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide-d₄) is the deuterium labeled Fosribnicotinamide. Fosribnicotinamide is a product of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) reaction and a key NAD+ intermediate. The pharmacological activities of Fosribnicotinamide include its role in cellular biochemical functions, cardioprotection, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and complications associated with obesity .

HY-114464S1

11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione-d7
11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione-d₇ is the deuterium labeled 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione. 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-Androsten-11β-ol-3,17-dione) is a steroid mainly found in the the adrenal origin (11β-hydroxylase is present in adrenal tissue, but absent in ovarian tissue). 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione is a 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) isozymes inhibitor

HY-W012926S1

Dihydrouracil-d4
Dihydrouracil-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Dihydrouracil . Dihydrouracil (HY-W012926), a metabolite of Uracil, can be used as a marker for identification of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)-deficient ^[3].

HY-W015851S2

(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid-13C4 sodium
(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid- ¹³C₄ sodium is a ¹³C labeled (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid (HY-W051723). (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is a metabolite converted from acetoacetic acid catalyzed by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid can function as a nutrition source, and as a precursor for vitamins, antibiotics and pheromones .

HY-W654002

(3R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid-1-13C
(3R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid-1- ¹³C is ¹³C labeled (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid. (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid is a metabolite, and converted from acetoacetic acid catalyzed by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid has applications as a nutrition source and as a precursor for vitamins, antibiotics and pheromones ^[3].

HY-113466S

4-Hydroxynonenal-d3

4-Hydroxynonenal-d₃ is the deuterium labeled 4-Hydroxynonenal. 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is an α,β unsaturated hydroxyalkenal and an oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarker. 4-Hydroxynonenal is a substrate and an inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). 4-Hydroxynonenal can modulate a number of signaling processes mainly through forming covalent adducts with nucleophilic functional groups in proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane lipids. 4-Hydroxynonenal plays an important role in cancer through mitochondria ^[3].

HY-13653S1

(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-d4

(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-d₄ (EGCG-d₄) is the deuterium labeled (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (HY-13653). (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) activity. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate has a potent anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against various types of cancers such as colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, thyroid carcinoma ^[3] .

HY-113128S

sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate-13C3 disodium
sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate- ¹³C₃ disodium is the ¹³C-labeled sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate disodium. sn-Glycerol 3-phosphate disodium is produced by cytosolic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase pathway through the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate using NADH formed during glycolysis .

HY-B0150S2

Nicotinamide-13C6
Nicotinamide- ¹³C₆ is the ¹³C-labeled Nicotinamide. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 that plays essential roles in cell physiology through facilitating NAD+ redox homeostasis and providing NAD+ as a substrate to a class of enzymes that catalyze non-redox reactions. Nicotinamide is an inhibitor of SIRT1.

HY-113432S

Nudifloramide-d3
Nudifloramide-d₃ (2PY-d₃) is the deuterium labeled Nudifloramide. Nudifloramide (2PY) is one of the end products of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) degradation. Nudifloramide significantly inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) activity in vitro .

HY-B0152S

Adenine-d1
Adenine-d is the deuterium labeled Adenine. Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis ^[3].

HY-B0152S4

Adenine-15N5

Adenine- ¹⁵N₅ (6-Aminopurine- ¹⁵N₅; Vitamin B4- ¹⁵N₅) is ¹⁵N labeled Adenine (HY-B0152). Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis.

HY-B0150S1

Nicotinamide-15N,13C3
Nicotinamide- ¹⁵N, ¹³C₃ is the ¹³C-labeled and ¹⁵N-labeled Nicotinamide. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 that plays essential roles in cell physiology through facilitating NAD+ redox homeostasis and providing NAD+ as a substrate to a class of enzymes that catalyze non-redox reactions. Nicotinamide is an inhibitor of SIRT1.

HY-113165AS

Isobutyryl-L-carnitine-d3 chloride
Isobutyryl-L-carnitine-d₃ (chloride) is the deuterium labeled Isobutyryl-L-carnitine chloride. Isobutyryl-L-carnitine chloride is a product of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases .

HY-107855S

DL-Mevalonolactone-d7
DL-Mevalonolactone-d₇ is the deuterium labeled DL-Mevalonolactone. DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone (Mevalonolactone) decreases mitochondrial membrane potential (?Ψm), NAD(P)H content and the capacity to retain Ca2+ in the brain, besides inducing mitochondrial swelling .

HY-B0152S3

Adenine-13C5

Adenine- ¹³C₅ (6-Aminopurine- ¹³C₅; Vitamin B4- ¹³C₅) is ¹³C-labeled Adenine (HY-B0152). Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis.

HY-B0228S10

(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid-13C2 sodium
(R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid- ¹³C₂ sodium is the ¹³C labeled (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium (HY-W015851). (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium is a metabolite converted from acetoacetic acid catalyzed by 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. (R)-3-Hydroxybutanoic acid sodium can function as a nutrition source, and as a precursor for vitamins, antibiotics and pheromones ^[3].

HY-B0083S

Leflunomide-d4
Leflunomide-d₄ (HWA486-d₄) is the deuterium labeled Leflunomide. Leflunomide is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), and acts as a disease-modifying antirheumatic agent .

HY-W012926S

Dihydrouracil-13C4,15N2
Dihydrouracil- ¹³C₄, ¹⁵N₂ is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled Dihydrouracil . Dihydrouracil (5,6-Dihydrouracil), a metabolite of Uracil, can be used as a marker for identification of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD)-deficient ^[3].

HY-B0152S7

Adenine-15N5 hydrochloride hydrate

Adenine- ¹⁵N₅ (6-Aminopurine- ¹⁵N₅) hydrochloride hydrate is the ¹⁵N-labeled Adenine (HY-B0152). Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis ^[3].

HY-N0157S1

Orotic acid-13C,15N2 monohydrate

Orotic acid- ¹³C, ¹⁵N₂ (monohydrate) is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled Orotic acid . Orotic acid (6-Carboxyuracil), a precursor in biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides and RNA, is released from the mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) for conversion to UMP by the cytoplasmic UMP synthase enzyme. Orotic acid is a marker for measurement in routine newborn screening for urea cycle disorders. Orotic acid can induce hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly in rats ^[3] .

HY-113263S

17a-Hydroxypregnenolone-d3
17a-Hydroxypregnenolone-d₃ (17-OHP5-d₃) is the deuterium labeled 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone (HY-113263). 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is a metabolite of Pregnenolone (HY-B0151) and a precursor in the biosynthesis of Dehydroepiandrosterone (HY-14650). 17a-Hydroxypregnenolone is a substrate for the enzyme 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) .

HY-W721874

Adrenosterone-d10

Adrenosterone-d₁₀ ((+)-Adrenosterone-d₁₀) is the deuterium labeled Adrenosterone (HY-17462). Adrenosterone ((+)-Adrenosterone) is a competitive hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11β1) inhibitor. Adrenosterone is a steroid hormone with weak androgenic effect. Adrenosterone is a dietary supplement that can decrease fat and increase muscle mass. Adrenosterone acts as a suppressor of metastatic progression of human cancer cells ^[3].

HY-44178S

Diethyl butylmalonate-D9

Diethyl butylmalonate-d₉ is the deuterium labeled Diethyl butylmalonate (HY-44178). Diethyl butylmalonate is a competitive inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase. Diethyl butylmalonate exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting ROS production. Diethyl butylmalonate also has neuroprotective activity. In addition, Diethyl butylmalonate shows toxicity to T. pyriformis, with its log(IGC₅₀ ^-1) being 0.557. Diethyl butylmalonate can be used in the research of diseases such as Alzheimer's disease .

HY-B0421S2

Mycophenolic acid-13C17

Mycophenolic acid-13C17 (Mycophenolate-13C17) is the 13C labeled Mycophenolic acid (HY-B0421). Mycophenolic acid is a potent uncompetitive inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor with an EC50 of 0.24 μM. Mycophenolic acid demonstrates antiviral effects against a wide range of RNA viruses including influenza. Mycophenolic acid is an immunosuppressive agent. Antiangiogenic and antitumor effects.

HY-B0150S3

Nicotinamide-d3

Nicotinamide-d₃ (Niacinamide-d₃) is deuterium labeled Nicotinamide. Nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 or niacin. Nicotinamide Hydrochloride inhibits SIRT2 activity (IC₅₀: 2 μM). Nicotinamide also inhibits SIRT1. Nicotinamide increases cellular NAD₊, ATP, ROS levels. Nicotinamide inhibits tumor growth and improves survival. Nicotinamide also has anti-HBV activity ^[3] .

HY-W768333

D-Ribofuranose-13C5
D-Ribofuranose- ¹³C₅ (D-Ribose- ¹³C₅) is the ¹³C-labeled D-Ribofuranose (HY-113375). D-Ribofuranose (D-Ribose) is an endogenous metabolite present in Cerebrospinal_Fluid that can be used for the research of Ribose 5 Phosphate Isomerase Deficiency and Medium Chain Acyl Co A Dehydrogenase Deficiency .

HY-B0968S

Trimetazidine-d8 dihydrochloride

Trimetazidine-d₈ (dihydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Trimetazidine dihydrochloride. Trimetazidine dihydrochloride is a selective long chain 3-ketoyl coenzyme A thiolase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 75 nM, which can inhibit β-oxidation of free fatty acid (FFA). Trimetazidine dihydrochloride is an effective antianginal agent and a cytoprotective agent, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and gastroprotective properties. Trimetazidine dihydrochloride triggers autophagy. Trimetazidine dihydrochloride is also a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADHA) inhibitor ^[3] .

HY-114464S

11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione-d4
11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione-d₄ is the deuterium labeled 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione. 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione (4-Androsten-11β-ol-3,17-dione) is a steroid mainly found in the the adrenal origin (11β-hydroxylase is present in adrenal tissue, but absent in ovarian tissue). 11-Beta-hydroxyandrostenedione is a 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) isozymes inhibitor .

HY-170017S

(−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-d3/d4

(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate-d₃/d₄ (EGCG-d₃/d₄) is the deuterium labeled (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (HY-13653). (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol in green tea, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate inhibits glutamate dehydrogenase 1/2 (GDH1/2, GLUD1/2) activity. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate has a potent anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against various types of cancers such as colorectal cancer, myeloid leukemia, thyroid carcinoma ^[3] .

HY-B1588S

Carbenoxolone-d4

Carbenoxolone-d₄ is deuterium labeled Carbenoxolone. Carbenoxolone, a semi-synthetic derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid, has previously been used for the management of dyspepsia and peptic ulcer because of its anti-inflammatory properties ^[3]. Carbenoxolone, a general hemichannel and gap junction inhibitor, has the therapeutic potential of carbenoxolone in the research of chronic liver disease . Carbenoxolone is a suitable candidate for the inhibition of Aβ42 aggregation and the therapeutic potential of Cbx against AD . Carbenoxolone is small molecule Pannexin1 (Panx1,is an ATP release channel) inhibitor, attenuate Panx1 channel activity through modulation of the first extracellular loop .Carbenoxolone is an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor that converts inactive glucocorticoid into an active form. Carbenoxolone has antiviral activity against DENV infection targeting the virus itself .

HY-134160S

5,6-Dihydro-5-Fluorouracil-13C,15N2

5,6-Dihydro-5-Fluorouracil- ¹³C, ¹⁵N₂ (5-DHFU- ¹³C, ¹⁵N₂) is the ¹³C- and ¹⁵N-labeled labeled 5,6-Dihydro-5-Fluorouracil (HY-134160). 5,6-Dihydro-5-Fluorouracil (5-DHFU; 5-Fluorodihydropyrimidine-2,4-dione) is the active metabolite of the thymidylate synthase inhibitor prodrug 5-fluorouracil (HY-90006), which is formed from 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD). 5,6-Dihydro-5-Fluorouracil is cytotoxic to HaCaT keratinocytes (IC₅₀=13.5 μM). Intravenous administration of 5,6-Dihydro-5-Fluorouracil (90 mg/kg/wk) in combination with 5-fluorouracil and the DPD inhibitor eniluracil (HY-10533) slows tumor growth in a rat colon cancer model.

HY-W742088

Nicotinic acid riboside-d4
Nicotinic acid riboside-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Nicotinic acid riboside (HY-W104368). Nicotinic acid riboside is a NAD+ precursor in human cells. Nicotinic acid riboside is an authentic intermediate of human NAD+ metabolism .

HY-N0645S

Dicoumarol-d8
Dicoumarol-d₈ (Dicumarol-d₈) is the deuterium labeled Dicoumarol. Dicoumarol is an inhibitor of both NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and PDK1 with IC₅₀s of 0.37 and 19.42 μM, respectively.

HY-W700788

Isobutyryl-L-carnitine chloride-d6
Isobutyryl-L-carnitine chloride-d₆ is the deuterium labeled Isobutyryl-L-carnitine chloride (HY-113165A). Isobutyryl-L-carnitine chloride is a product of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases .

HY-107855S1

DL-Mevalonolactone-d3

DL-Mevalonolactone-d₃ is the deuterium labeled DL-Mevalonolactone . DL-Mevalonolactone ((±)-Mevalonolactone;Mevalolactone) is the δ-lactone form of mevalonic acid, a precursor in the mevalonate pathway. DL-Mevalonolactone (Mevalonolactone) decreases mitochondrial membrane potential ( Ψm), NAD(P)H content and the capacity to retain Ca2+ in the brain, besides inducing mitochondrial swelling ^[3].

HY-B0083S1

Leflunomide-13C6
Leflunomide- ¹³C₆ (HWA486- ¹³C₆) is ¹³C labeled Leflunomide. Leflunomide is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), and acts as a disease-modifying antirheumatic agent.

HY-W040073S

Nifurtimox-d4
Nifurtimox-d₄ is deuterium labeled Nifurtimox. Nifurtimox, an antiprotozoal agent, which is generally used for the treatment of infections with Trypanosoma cruzi, has been used in the therapy of neuroblastoma. Nifurtimox affects enzyme activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).

HY-111095S2

D-(-)-Lactic acid-13C-1
D-(-)-Lactic acid- ¹³C-1 is the ¹³C labeled D-(-)-Lactic acid. D-(-)-Lactic acid is a normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. D-(-)-Lactic acid is identified to be a competitive inhibitor of ProDH (proline dehydrogenase) in plants .

HY-W015213S

Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate-15N5

Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate- ¹⁵N₅ is the ¹⁵N labeled Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate (HY-W015213). Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate is a hydrochloride derivative of Adenine. Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-W712567

Adenine-15N5 hydrochloride

Adenine- ¹⁵N₅ (6-Aminopurine- ¹⁵N₅) hydrochloride is the ¹⁵N-labeled Adenine hydrochloride (HY-B0152A) . Adenine hydrochloride (6-Aminopurine hydrochloride), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine hydrochloride acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine hydrochloride also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis.

HY-B1729S

Phenoxyethanol-d2
Phenoxyethanol-d₂ is the deuterium labeled Phenoxyethanol . Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agent. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al .

HY-B1729S1

Phenoxyethanol-d4
Phenoxyethanol-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Phenoxyethanol. Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agent. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al .

HY-W777340

Gimeracil-13C3
Gimeracil- ¹³C₃ (Gimestat- ¹³C₃) is the ¹³C-labeled Gimeracil (HY-17469). Gimeracil, a component of an oral fluoropyrimidine derivative S-1, inhibits DNA DSB repair and is a potent inhibitor of DPYD (dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, DPD) .