Adenine
Based on 24 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.99%
- CAS No.: 73-24-5
- Formula: C5H5N5
- Molecular Weight:135.13
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Adenine
More- Chem. 2025 Apr 04.
- Nat Commun. 2025 Apr 11;16(1):3475. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Med. 2026 Mar 17;7(3):102644. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Med. 2024 Aug 20;5(8):101690. [Abstract]
- Adv Healthc Mater. 2025 Apr;14(9):e2404388. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2026 Jun:155:158091. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2022 Mar 21;100:154067. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2025 Nov 12:193:118745. [Abstract]
- Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Jun 15:177:116859. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2024 Dec 30;44(1):115116. [Abstract]
- Talanta. 2024 Jan 15:267:125171. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Oct 9;242(Pt 4):117408. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 Jan 19:119365. [Abstract]
- CNS Neurosci Ther. 2025 Apr;31(4):e70331. [Abstract]
- Inflammation. 2025 Apr;48(2):747-759. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2026 May 10;27(10):4252. [Abstract]
- Pharm Biol. 2025 Dec;63(1):582-606. [Abstract]
- Biomolecules. 2025 Mar 3;15(3):364. [Abstract]
- Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Feb 27;16(3):361. [Abstract]
- Biosci Rep. 2021 Oct 29;41(10):BSR20211598. [Abstract]
- Molecules. 2023 Apr 11;28(8):3375. [Abstract]
- J Appl Polym Sci. 2021 Apr 16.
- Nephrology (Carlton). 2026 Jun;31(6):e70228. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2024 August 11.
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IF
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WB
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
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IHC
All DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoforms
MoreAll Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
Microbial Metabolite |
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A-431 | IC50 |
>100 μg/mL
Compound: adenine
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Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase in human A431 cell membrane by liquid scintillation counting
Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase in human A431 cell membrane by liquid scintillation counting
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[PMID: 1666120] |
| MT4 | IC50 |
12 μM
Compound: 2',3'-didehydro 2030-dideoxy adenine
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Potency against non nucleoside reverse transcriptor was determined in MT-4 cells
Potency against non nucleoside reverse transcriptor was determined in MT-4 cells
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[PMID: 15109677] |
| Oocyte | IC50 |
200 μM
Compound: 1
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Inhibitory activity against purified cdc2 p34/Cyclin B obtained from M phase oocytes of the starfish Marthasterias glacialis.
Inhibitory activity against purified cdc2 p34/Cyclin B obtained from M phase oocytes of the starfish Marthasterias glacialis.
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[PMID: 9046330] |
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.
Adenine can be used to induce chronic kidney injury models. Pharmacokinetic data show that in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, 20-30 minutes after administration (10 mg/kg, i.v.), the Adenine content in blood dialysate samples is 0.78 μg/mL[4].
Administration: 0.2% Adenine in diet; 3 weeks
Rat: Sprague-Dawley (SD) • male • 8 weeks of age
Administration: 0.5% Adenine in diet; 3 weeks
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 73-24-5
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 135.13
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Formula C5H5N5
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
NC1=C2N=CNC2=NC=N1
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Publications (24)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nat Commun
2025 Apr 11;16(1):3475. PMID: 40216803 -
Cell Rep Med
Reconstruction of T cell infiltration in an osteosarcoma PDX-organoid interactive biobank for personalized immunotherapy. [Abstract]2026 Mar 17;7(3):102644. PMID: 41763214 -
Cell Rep Med
The SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin ameliorates renal fibrosis in hyperuricemic nephropathy. [Abstract]2024 Aug 20;5(8):101690. PMID: 39168099 -
Adv Healthc Mater
2025 Apr;14(9):e2404388. PMID: 40018834 -
Phytomedicine
Duzhong-Gegen formula ameliorated hyperuricemia by enhancing renal uric acid excretion through activation of SIRT1. [Abstract]2026 Jun:155:158091. PMID: 41905095 -
Phytomedicine
2022 Mar 21;100:154067. PMID: 35349832
Adenine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2022 Mar 21;100:154067. [Abstract]
Capsaicin (10 and 15mg/kg, i.p.,once per week for 8 weeks) treatment lessened the deposition of ECM proteins in the kidneys from Adenine (0.25% w/w)-fed mice. Representative images of MTS (blue color), Picrosirius Red staining (red color), and IF staining of fibronectin (red color) and COL1A1 (green color) for kidney sections from adenine-fed (Adenine) or normal-fed (Ctrl) mice. Scale bars are 50 μm.
Adenine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2022 Mar 21;100:154067. [Abstract]
Capsaicin (10 and 15 mg/kg, i.p., once per week for 8 weeks) treatment lessened the deposition of ECM proteins in the kidneys from Adenine (0.25% w/w)-fed mice. WB images of fibronectin and COL1A1 expressions in kidney lysates from mice.
Adenine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2022 Mar 21;100:154067. [Abstract]
Capsaicin(10 or 15 mg/kg, i.p., once per week for 8 weeks) improved survival rate of Adenine (0.25% w/w)-fed mice. (A) Relative weight curves of indicated mice as described in A (n = 6). Mouse weight is measured once per 3 days, the initial weight is set to 1, and day 0 means the time point starting Adenine-rich diet. (B) Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of indicated mice as described in A (n = 12). Data are means ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
Adenine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2022 Mar 21;100:154067. [Abstract]
Capsaicin(10 or 15 mg/kg, i.p., once per week for 8 weeks) improved kidney function of Adenine (0.25% w/w)-fed mice. Concentrations of serum creatinine, urea, and albumin from mice (n = 8). Data are means ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
Adenine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Phytomedicine. 2022 Mar 21;100:154067. [Abstract]
Capsaicin(10 or 15 mg/kg, i.p., once per week for 8 weeks) treatment prevented phenotypic alteration of tubular epithelial cells in the kidneys from Adenine (ADE) (0.25% w/w)-fed mice. Representative IHC staining images of E-cadherin and vimentin kidney sections from mice. Scale bars are 25 μm.
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Biomed Pharmacother
Bixin prevents tubulointerstitial fibrosis in hyperuricemic nephropathy via promoting PPARγ-NLRP3 interaction. [Abstract]2025 Nov 12:193:118745. PMID: 41232352 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Aqueous extract of Phellinus igniarius ameliorates hyperuricemia and renal injury in adenine/potassium oxonate-treated mice. [Abstract]2024 Jun 15:177:116859. PMID: 38879892 -
Cell Rep
IMPDH2 dephosphorylation under FGFR signaling promotes S-phase progression and tumor growth. [Abstract]2024 Dec 30;44(1):115116. PMID: 39739531 -
Talanta
A simple, rapid and sensitive HILIC LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 16 purine metabolites in plasma and urine. [Abstract]2024 Jan 15:267:125171. PMID: 37696233 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Roles of an endogenous peptide ELABELA in ameliorating hyperuricemia by inhibiting uric acid production via CYP27A1-modulated bile acid metabolism in mice. [Abstract]2025 Oct 9;242(Pt 4):117408. PMID: 41067286 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Polysaccharide extracted from Phellinus igniarius attenuated hyperuricemia by modulating bile acid metabolism and inhibiting uric acid synthesis in adenine/potassium oxonate-treated mice. [Abstract]2025 Jan 19:119365. PMID: 39837359 -
CNS Neurosci Ther
2025 Apr;31(4):e70331. PMID: 40237545 -
Inflammation
Prenatal Inflammatory Exposure Predisposes Offspring to Chronic Kidney Diseases Via the Activation of the eIF2α-ATF4 Pathway. [Abstract]2025 Apr;48(2):747-759. PMID: 38913145 -
Int J Mol Sci
An Integrated Machine-Learning and Reverse Network-Pharmacology Pipeline Reveals JUN/C3 Candidate Biomarkers and an Anti-Fibrotic Mechanism of Resveratrol via MAPK/JNK Signaling in Chronic Kidney Disease. [Abstract]2026 May 10;27(10):4252. PMID: 42196234 -
Pharm Biol
Uncovering the mechanistic basis of Rheum palmatum L. (rhubarb) in the treatment of chronic kidney disease: an integrative approach using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation. [Abstract]2025 Dec;63(1):582-606. PMID: 40783939 -
Biomolecules
ACAA2 Protects Against Cardiac Dysfunction and Lipid Peroxidation in Renal Insufficiency with the Treatment of S-Nitroso-L-Cysteine. [Abstract]2025 Mar 3;15(3):364. PMID: 40149900 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
2023 Feb 27;16(3):361. PMID: 36986461 -
Biosci Rep
Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula enhances perindopril inhibition of chronic kidney disease progression by activation of SIRT3, modulation of mitochondrial dynamics, and antioxidant effects. [Abstract]2021 Oct 29;41(10):BSR20211598. PMID: 34633033 -
Molecules
Untargeted Metabolomics Using UHPLC-HRMS Reveals Metabolic Changes of Fresh-Cut Potato during Browning Process. [Abstract]2023 Apr 11;28(8):3375. PMID: 37110608 -
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Nephrology (Carlton)
NCOA4-Mediated Ferroptosis Drives Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis in Hyperuricemia-Associated Chronic Kidney Disease. [Abstract]2026 Jun;31(6):e70228. PMID: 42324098 -
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : ≥ 10 mg/mL (74.00 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 2 mg/mL (14.80 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 1 mg/mL (7.40 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (283 KB)
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SDS (480 KB)
- English - EN (480 KB)
- Français - FR (480 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (480 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (480 KB)
- Español - ES (480 KB)
- Swedish - SV (480 KB)
- Italian - IT (480 KB)
- Korean - KR (480 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (480 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. ORO J, et al. Synthesis of purines under possible primitive earth conditions. I. Adenine from hydrogen cyanide. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1961 Aug;94:217-27. [Content Brief]
[3]. Reader V. The assay of vitamin B(4). Biochem J. 1930;24(6):1827-31. [Content Brief]
[4]. Yung-Jen Tsai, et al. Pharmacokinetics of Adenosine and Cordycepin, a Bioactive Constituent of Cordyceps sinensis in Rat. J Agric Food Chem 2010 Apr 28;58(8):4638-43. [Content Brief]
[5]. Fatma F Mohamed, et al. Dentoalveolar Alterations in an Adenine‐Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Mouse Model. J Bone Miner Res. 2023 Aug;38(8):1192-1207. [Content Brief]
[6]. Chien-Ning Hsu, et al. Sodium Thiosulfate Improves Hypertension in Rats with Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Jan 11;11(1):147. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 7.4003 mL | 37.0014 mL | 74.0028 mL | 185.0070 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.4801 mL | 7.4003 mL | 14.8006 mL | 37.0014 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7400 mL | 3.7001 mL | 7.4003 mL | 18.5007 mL | |
| DMSO | 15 mM | 0.4934 mL | 2.4668 mL | 4.9335 mL | 12.3338 mL |
| 20 mM | 0.3700 mL | 1.8501 mL | 3.7001 mL | 9.2504 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2960 mL | 1.4801 mL | 2.9601 mL | 7.4003 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2467 mL | 1.2334 mL | 2.4668 mL | 6.1669 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1850 mL | 0.9250 mL | 1.8501 mL | 4.6252 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1480 mL | 0.7400 mL | 1.4801 mL | 3.7001 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1233 mL | 0.6167 mL | 1.2334 mL | 3.0835 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.