Dihydronicotinamide riboside 

Dihydronicotinamide riboside is a potent NAD⁺ concentration enhancer. Dihydronicotinamide riboside modulates targets BAX, PUMA, NQO2, and IκB kinase. Dihydronicotinamide riboside mediates apoptosis, induces pro-oxidant activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic dysregulation, redox modulation, and pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype induction. Dihydronicotinamide riboside increases intracellular and mitochondrial NAD⁺ levels, maintains cell survival against NAD⁺-depleting genotoxins. Dihydronicotinamide riboside can be used for the research of hepatocellular carcinoma^[1][2][3].

Dihydronicotinamide riboside (100-1000 μM; 24 h followed by 48 h in fresh medium) induces dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HepG3 cells but has no cytotoxic effect on HEK293T cells^[1].
Dihydronicotinamide riboside (500 μM; 24 h with total incubation periods of 24, 48, 72 h) induces PUMA- and BAX-mediated apoptosis in HepG3 cells, with BAX expression peaking at 72 h and PUMA expression peaking at 72 h, while HEK293T cells show no significant changes in apoptotic marker expression^[1].
Dihydronicotinamide riboside (100 μM; 1, 4, 24 h) induces a transient but significant increase in cellular ROS levels in HepG3 cells at 4 h, while HEK293T cells show no change in ROS levels over 1, 4, or 24 h of exposure^[1].
Dihydronicotinamide riboside (100 μM; 1, 4, 24 h) increases intracellular NAD(P)H levels in both HEK293T and HepG3 cells, with HEK293T cells showing a progressive increase over 24 h and HepG3 cells showing a peak increase at 4 h followed by a slight decline^[1].
Dihydronicotinamide riboside (100 μM; 1, 4, 24 h) alters the glutathione redox balance in HEK293T and HepG3 cells, causing a sustained decrease in GSSG levels in HEK293T cells and a transient decrease in GSSG levels in HepG3 cells at 4 h, with no significant changes in GSH levels in either cell line^[1].
Dihydronicotinamide riboside (100 μM; 1, 4, 24 h) induces a significant and sustained increase in mitochondrial superoxide production in HepG3 cells, while HEK293T cells show no change in mitochondrial superoxide levels over the same exposure periods^[1].
Dihydronicotinamide riboside (100-2000 μM; 1-18 h) potently increases NAD⁺ concentrations in multiple immortalized mammalian cell lines, with an EC₅₀ of 310 μM in Neuro2a cells, achieving up to 10-fold elevation over control values after 6 h of treatment^[2].
Dihydronicotinamide riboside (1 mM; 6 h) increases NAD⁺ concentrations in HAP1 cells independently of Nrk1, achieving a 6.8-fold elevation over control values after 6 h of treatment with 1 mM NRH in both wild-type and Nrk1 knockout cells^[2].
Dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH) (500 μM; 6 h) significantly boosts intracellular NAD⁺ levels in both undifferentiated and Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (HY-18739)-differentiated human THP-1 monocytic cells, with a stronger effect observed in undifferentiated cells^[3].
Dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH) (500 μM; 6 h) induces significant pro-inflammatory gene expression in PMA-differentiated human THP-1 macrophage-like cells^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Dihydronicotinamide riboside (250-1000 mg/kg; i.p.; single dose) administered as a single intraperitoneal dose increases tissue NAD⁺ concentrations in healthy male C57BL/6J mice, with a 5.4-fold increase in liver observed at both 1000 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg doses^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

256.26

C₁₁H₁₆N₂O₅

19132-12-8

Solid

Yellow to brown

NC(C1=CN([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)C=CC1)=O

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

-20°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

• [1]. Sonavane M, et al. Dihydronicotinamide riboside promotes cell-specific cytotoxicity by tipping the balance between metabolic regulation and oxidative stress. PLoS One. 2020;15(11):e0242174. Published 2020 Nov 9.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Yang Y, et al. Dihydronicotinamide riboside is a potent NAD+ concentration enhancer in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2019 Jun 7;294(23):9295-9307.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Chini CCS, et al. Dihydronicotinamide Riboside Is a Potent NAD⁺ Precursor Promoting a Pro-Inflammatory Phenotype in Macrophages. Front Immunol. 2022;13:840246. Published 2022 Feb 25.  [Content Brief]