Squalene synthase
Definition:
Catalyzes the condensation of 2 farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) moieties to form squalene. Proceeds in two distinct steps. In the first half-reaction, two molecules of FPP react to form the stable presqualene diphosphate intermediate (PSQPP), with concomitant release of a proton and a molecule of inorganic diphosphate. In the second half-reaction, PSQPP undergoes heterolysis, isomerization, and reduction with NADPH or NADH to form squalene. It is the first committed enzyme of the sterol biosynthesis pathway.
References:
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[1]. J Pandit, et al. Crystal structure of human squalene synthase. A key enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. J Biol Chem. 2000 Sep 29;275(39):30610-7. [Content Brief]
[2]. Chia-I Liu, et al. Structural insights into the catalytic mechanism of human squalene synthase. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2014 Feb;70(Pt 2):231-41. [Content Brief]
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