Discovery and biological evaluation of novel CARM1/HDAC2 dual-targeting inhibitors with anti-prostate cancer agents

Prostate Cancer (PCa) is a clinically heterogeneous disease with a progressively increasing incidence. Concurrent inhibition of coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) could potentially be a novel strategy against PCa. Herein, we identified seven compounds simultaneously targeting CARM1 and HDAC2 through structure-based virtual screening. These compounds possessed potent inhibitory activities at the nanomolar level in vitro. Among them, CH-1 was the most active inhibitor which exhibited excellent and balanced inhibitory effects against both CARM1 (IC₅₀ = 3.71 ± 0.11 nM) and HDAC2 (IC₅₀ = 4.07 ± 0.25 nM). MD simulations presented that CH-1 could stably bind the active pockets of CARM1 and HDAC2. Notably, CH-1 exhibited strong anti-proliferative activity against multiple prostate-related tumour cells (IC₅₀ < 1 µM). In vivo, assessment indicated that CH-1 significantly inhibited tumour growth in a DU145 xenograft model. Collectively, CH-1 could be a promising drug candidate for PCa treatment.