Endothelin 1 (swine, human) TFA
Based on 9 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Endothelin 1 (swine, human) (ET-1) TFA is a synthetic peptide with the sequence of human and swine Endothelin 1, which is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor. Endothelin 1 TFA acts through two types of receptors ETA and ETB.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.77%
- CAS No.: 394693-38-0
- Formula: C111H160F3N25O34S5
- Molecular Weight:2605.92
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Storage:
Sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen.
Powder -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Endothelin 1 (swine, human) TFA
More- Nat Commun. 2023 Sep 21;14(1):5891. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2022 Jul 29;8(30):eabn4408. [Abstract]
- PLoS Biol. 2024 Dec 2;22(12):e3002940. [Abstract]
- J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2025 Sep 20;16(1):127. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2026 Aug;250(Pt 2):118027. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Jan 5:962:176236. [Abstract]
- Eur J Cell Biol. 2024 May 28;103(2):151427. [Abstract]
- Mol Med Rep. 2022 Mar;25(3):84. [Abstract]
- BMC Pulm Med. 2021 Jun 5;21(1):189. [Abstract]
Customer Validation & Images
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Apoptosis Analysis
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
Biological Activity
Endothelin-1 TFA is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor, mainly secreted by endothelial cells. Endothelin-1 TFA acts through two types of receptors: ETA and ETB. Apart from a vasoconstrictive action, Endothelin-1 TFA causes fibrosis of the vascular cells and stimulates production of reactive oxygen species. Endothelin-1 TFA induces proinflammatory mechanisms, increasing superoxide anion production and cytokine secretion[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Note:
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.
Administration: Endothelin 1 (2 mg/mL in 1 μL saline) TFA • microinjected into the unilateral (right) mPFC of mice using stereotaxic coordinates derived from the brain atlas by Paxinos and Watson (Site 1: anterior-posterior (AP): +2.0 mm, medial-lateral (ML): -0.5 mm, dorsoventral (DV): -2.4 mm; Site 2: AP: +1.5 mm, ML: -0.5 mm, DV: -2.6 mm)[2]
Mice: C57BL/6 mice • 10-11 weeks • 25-28 g
Administration: Endothelin 1 (2 μg/μL in 1 μL sterile water) TFA • microinjected at two sites within the left mPFC at the following coordinates (in mm) relative to Bregma48. Injection 1, anterior-posterior (AP), 2.0; medial-lateral (ML), +0.5; dorsoventral (DV), -2.4; Injection 2, AP 1.5; ML +0.5; DV -2.6[3].
Rats: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats
Administration: Endothelin 1 (400 pmol in 1 μL) TFA • microinjected at the following coordinates: anterior/posterior +3.0, medial/lateral -1.3, and dorsal/ventral -3.5 (all coordinates relative to bregma)[4]
(2) After the injection, the syringe needle was left in place for 10 minutes to prevent backflow, then withdrawn slowly, and the scalp was sutured[2].
(3) An infusion pump was used to load 1 μL of pre-dissolved Endothelin 1 TFA, which was set at a rate of 0.20 μL/min[3].
(4) At the end of the infusion, the needle was left in place for 3 min before gradual withdrawal and closure of the incision that was treated with 0.1 ml of 2% transdermal bupivacaine as a topical anesthetic[3].
(5) Antibiotics were applied to the sutured area to prevent postoperative infection, and the mice were placed on a thermostatic heating pad to maintain body ature until full recovery[2][3].
Behavioral changes: Reduced center exploration (open field test, OFT); Decreased time/distance in the open arms (elevated plus-maze, EPM); Increased immobility (forced swimming test, FST; tail suspension test, TST); Reduced sucrose preference (sucrose preference test, SPT); Prolonged latency (novelty-suppressed feeding, NSF); No significant impairment in locomotion/motor coordination (OFT total distance, Rotarod, Cylinder test)
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Cys-Ser-Cys-Ser-Ser-Leu-Met-Asp-Lys-Glu-Cys-Val-Tyr-Phe-Cys-His-Leu-Asp-Ile-Ile-Trp (Disulfide bridge: Cys1-Cys15, Cys3-Cys11)
CSCSSLMDKECVYFCHLDIIW (Disulfide bridge: Cys1-Cys15, Cys3-Cys11)
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 394693-38-0
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 2605.92
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Formula C111H160F3N25O34S5
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Color White to off-white
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Synonyms
ET-1 (swine, human) TFA
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen
Powder -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen)
Publications (9)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nat Commun
Endothelial Sp1/Sp3 are essential to the effect of captopril on blood pressure in male mice. [Abstract]2023 Sep 21;14(1):5891. PMID: 37735515
Endothelin 1 (swine, human) TFA purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2023 Sep 21;14(1):5891. [Abstract]
Endothelin 1 (ET-1, 100 n mol/L, 6–36 h) markedly decreased Sp1 and Sp3 expression in HUVECs.
Endothelin 1 (swine, human) TFA purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2023 Sep 21;14(1):5891. [Abstract]
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showing the binding of Sp1 or Sp3 to the AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 promoter in HUVECs with different treatments. n = 3. The results showed that Endothelin 1 (ET-1,100 nmol/L) reduced the Sp1/Sp3 association with AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 promoters.
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Sci Adv
Itch-specific neurons in the ventrolateral orbital cortex selectively modulate the itch processing. [Abstract]2022 Jul 29;8(30):eabn4408. PMID: 35905177
Endothelin 1 (swine, human) TFA purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Adv. 2022 Jul 29;8(30):eabn4408. [Abstract]
Pharmacogenetic suppression of the VLO significantly decreased the number of scratching bouts induced by intradermal injection of Endothelin-1 (cheek; nape) (20.00 μM; unilateral intradermal injection) following CNO administration (4 mg/kg, ip). n = 7 to 8 rats in each group.
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PLoS Biol
Melanocortin 1 receptor mediates melanin production by interacting with the BBSome in primary cilia. [Abstract]2024 Dec 2;22(12):e3002940. PMID: 39621784 -
J Anim Sci Biotechnol
HIF1A regulates follicular atresia through O-GlcNAcylation-mediated VEZF1/ET-1/FOXO1/BAX signaling in porcine granulosa cells. [Abstract]2025 Sep 20;16(1):127. PMID: 40973947 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Bosentan confers cardioprotection against cisplatin toxicity: Involvement of β-arrestin-linked ETA receptor signaling. [Abstract]2026 Aug;250(Pt 2):118027. PMID: 42069228 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Salidroside attenuates myocardial remodeling in DOCA-salt-induced mice by inhibiting the endothelin 1 and PI3K/AKT/NFκB signaling pathways. [Abstract]2024 Jan 5:962:176236. PMID: 38048979
Endothelin 1 (swine, human) TFA purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Jan 5:962:176236. [Abstract]
Endothelin-1 (ET-1, 100 nmol/L; 24 h) significantly decreased the proportion of apoptotic porcine GCs under both normoxic (P < 0.05) (Fig. 6c) and hypoxic conditions (P < 0.01).
Endothelin 1 (swine, human) TFA purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Jan 5:962:176236. [Abstract]
Nuclear‒cytoplasmic fractionation was performed to analyze FOXO1 expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus after porcine GCs were treated with Endothelin-1 (ET-1, 100 nmol/L) for 24 h. n = 3 biological replicates per group. The results showed that ET-1 significantly reduced nuclear FOXO1 expression under both normoxic (P < 0.01) and hypoxic (P < 0.001) conditions.
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Eur J Cell Biol
The mechanical mechanism of angiotensin II induced activation of hepatic stellate cells promoting portal hypertension. [Abstract]2024 May 28;103(2):151427. PMID: 38820882 -
Mol Med Rep
NOX4 stimulates ANF secretion via activation of the Sirt1/Nrf2/ATF3/4 axis in hypoxic beating rat atria. [Abstract]2022 Mar;25(3):84. PMID: 35029280 -
BMC Pulm Med
Opposing responses of the rat pulmonary artery and vein to phenylephrine and other agents in vitro. [Abstract]2021 Jun 5;21(1):189. PMID: 34090386
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (19.19 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 20 mg/mL (7.67 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (290 KB)
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SDS (252 KB)
- English - EN (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Kowalczyk A, et al. The role of endothelin-1 and endothelin receptor antagonists in inflammatory response and sepsis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2015;63(1):41-52. [Content Brief]
[2]. Fan HW, et al. Noninvasive tactile stimulation engaging a thalamic-amygdala circuit ameliorates mood dysfunction in mouse models of depression-like behavior. Neuron. 2026 Apr 1:S0896-6273(26)00176-5. [Content Brief]
[3]. Vahid-Ansari F, et al. Persistent post-stroke depression in mice following unilateral medial prefrontal cortical stroke. Transl Psychiatry. 2016 Aug 2;6(8):e863. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 0.3837 mL | 1.9187 mL | 3.8374 mL | 9.5935 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.0767 mL | 0.3837 mL | 0.7675 mL | 1.9187 mL | |
| DMSO | 10 mM | 0.0384 mL | 0.1919 mL | 0.3837 mL | 0.9594 mL |
| 15 mM | 0.0256 mL | 0.1279 mL | 0.2558 mL | 0.6396 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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