Endothelin 1 (swine, human)
Based on 10 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Endothelin 1 (swine, human) (ET-1) is a synthetic peptide with the sequence of human and swine Endothelin 1, which is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor. Endothelin 1 acts through two types of receptors ETA and ETB.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.90%
- CAS No.: 117399-94-7
- Formula: C109H159N25O32S5
- Molecular Weight:2491.90
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Storage:
Sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen.
Powder -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Endothelin 1 (swine, human)
More- Nat Commun. 2023 Sep 21;14(1):5891. [Abstract]
- Neuron. 2026 Apr 1:S0896-6273(26)00176-5. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2022 Jul 29;8(30):eabn4408. [Abstract]
- J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2025 Sep 20;16(1):127. [Abstract]
- PLoS Biol. 2024 Dec 2;22(12):e3002940. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2026 Aug;250(Pt 2):118027. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Jan 5:962:176236. [Abstract]
- Mol Med Rep. 2022 Mar;25(3):84. [Abstract]
- Eur J Cell Biol. 2024 May 28;103(2):151427. [Abstract]
- BMC Pulm Med. 2021 Jun 5;21(1):189. [Abstract]
Customer Validation & Images
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Apoptosis Analysis
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WB
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WB
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IP
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
Biological Activity
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ETA |
ETB |
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent endogenous vasoconstrictor, mainly secreted by endothelial cells. It acts through two types of receptors: ETA and ETB. Apart from a vasoconstrictive action, ET-1 causes fibrosis of the vascular cells and stimulates production of reactive oxygen species. It is claimed that ET-1 induces proinflammatory mechanisms, increasing superoxide anion production and cytokine secretion[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Note:
Please do not refer to only one article to determine the experimental conditions. It is recommended to determine the optimal experimental conditions (animal strain, age, dosage, frequency and cycle, detection time and indicators, etc.) through preliminary experiments before the formal experiment.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Administration: Endothelin 1 (2 mg/mL in 1 μL saline) • microinjected into the unilateral (right) mPFC of mice using stereotaxic coordinates derived from the brain atlas by Paxinos and Watson (Site 1: anterior-posterior (AP): +2.0 mm, medial-lateral (ML): -0.5 mm, dorsoventral (DV): -2.4 mm; Site 2: AP: +1.5 mm, ML: -0.5 mm, DV: -2.6 mm)[2]
Mice: C57BL/6 mice • 10-11 weeks • 25-28 g
Administration: Endothelin 1 (2 μg/μL in 1 μL sterile water) • microinjected at two sites within the left mPFC at the following coordinates (in mm) relative to Bregma48. Injection 1, anterior-posterior (AP), 2.0; medial-lateral (ML), +0.5; dorsoventral (DV), -2.4; Injection 2, AP 1.5; ML +0.5; DV -2.6[3].
Rats: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats
Administration: Endothelin 1 (400 pmol in 1 μL) • microinjected at the following coordinates: anterior/posterior +3.0, medial/lateral -1.3, and dorsal/ventral -3.5 (all coordinates relative to bregma)[4]
(2) After the injection, the syringe needle was left in place for 10 minutes to prevent backflow, then withdrawn slowly, and the scalp was sutured[2].
(3) An infusion pump was used to load 1 μL of pre-dissolved Endothelin 1, which was set at a rate of 0.20 μL/min[3].
(4) At the end of the infusion, the needle was left in place for 3 min before gradual withdrawal and closure of the incision that was treated with 0.1 ml of 2% transdermal bupivacaine as a topical anesthetic[3].
(5) Antibiotics were applied to the sutured area to prevent postoperative infection, and the mice were placed on a thermostatic heating pad to maintain body ature until full recovery[2][3].
Behavioral changes: Reduced center exploration (open field test, OFT); Decreased time/distance in the open arms (elevated plus-maze, EPM); Increased immobility (forced swimming test, FST; tail suspension test, TST); Reduced sucrose preference (sucrose preference test, SPT); Prolonged latency (novelty-suppressed feeding, NSF); No significant impairment in locomotion/motor coordination (OFT total distance, Rotarod, Cylinder test)
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 117399-94-7
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 2491.90
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Formula C109H159N25O32S5
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Color Off-white to pale purple
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Synonyms
ET-1 (swine, human)
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Sequence
Cys-Ser-Cys-Ser-Ser-Leu-Met-Asp-Lys-Glu-Cys-Val-Tyr-Phe-Cys-His-Leu-Asp-Ile-Ile-Trp (Disulfide bridge: Cys1-Cys15, Cys3-Cys11)
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Sequence Shortening
CSCSSLMDKECVYFCHLDIIW (Disulfide bridge: Cys1-Cys15, Cys3-Cys11)
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen
Powder -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen)
Publications (10)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nat Commun
Endothelial Sp1/Sp3 are essential to the effect of captopril on blood pressure in male mice. [Abstract]2023 Sep 21;14(1):5891. PMID: 37735515
Endothelin 1 (swine, human) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2023 Sep 21;14(1):5891. [Abstract]
Endothelin 1 (ET-1, 100 n mol/L, 6–36 h) markedly decreased Sp1 and Sp3 expression in HUVECs.
Endothelin 1 (swine, human) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2023 Sep 21;14(1):5891. [Abstract]
Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showing the binding of Sp1 or Sp3 to the AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 promoter in HUVECs with different treatments. n = 3. The results showed that Endothelin 1 (ET-1,100 nmol/L) reduced the Sp1/Sp3 association with AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 promoters.
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Neuron
Noninvasive tactile stimulation engaging a thalamic-amygdala circuit ameliorates mood dysfunction in mouse models of depression-like behavior. [Abstract]2026 Apr 1:S0896-6273(26)00176-5. PMID: 41928509 -
Sci Adv
Itch-specific neurons in the ventrolateral orbital cortex selectively modulate the itch processing. [Abstract]2022 Jul 29;8(30):eabn4408. PMID: 35905177
Endothelin 1 (swine, human) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Sci Adv. 2022 Jul 29;8(30):eabn4408. [Abstract]
Pharmacogenetic suppression of the VLO significantly decreased the number of scratching bouts induced by intradermal injection of Endothelin-1 (cheek; nape) (20.00 μM; unilateral intradermal injection) following CNO administration (4 mg/kg, ip). n = 7 to 8 rats in each group.
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J Anim Sci Biotechnol
HIF1A regulates follicular atresia through O-GlcNAcylation-mediated VEZF1/ET-1/FOXO1/BAX signaling in porcine granulosa cells. [Abstract]2025 Sep 20;16(1):127. PMID: 40973947 -
PLoS Biol
Melanocortin 1 receptor mediates melanin production by interacting with the BBSome in primary cilia. [Abstract]2024 Dec 2;22(12):e3002940. PMID: 39621784 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Bosentan confers cardioprotection against cisplatin toxicity: Involvement of β-arrestin-linked ETA receptor signaling. [Abstract]2026 Aug;250(Pt 2):118027. PMID: 42069228 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Salidroside attenuates myocardial remodeling in DOCA-salt-induced mice by inhibiting the endothelin 1 and PI3K/AKT/NFκB signaling pathways. [Abstract]2024 Jan 5:962:176236. PMID: 38048979
Endothelin 1 (swine, human) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Jan 5:962:176236. [Abstract]
Endothelin-1 (ET-1, 100 nmol/L; 24 h) significantly decreased the proportion of apoptotic porcine GCs under both normoxic (P < 0.05) (Fig. 6c) and hypoxic conditions (P < 0.01).
Endothelin 1 (swine, human) purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Jan 5:962:176236. [Abstract]
Nuclear‒cytoplasmic fractionation was performed to analyze FOXO1 expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus after porcine GCs were treated with Endothelin-1 (ET-1, 100 nmol/L) for 24 h. n = 3 biological replicates per group. The results showed that ET-1 significantly reduced nuclear FOXO1 expression under both normoxic (P < 0.01) and hypoxic (P < 0.001) conditions.
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Mol Med Rep
NOX4 stimulates ANF secretion via activation of the Sirt1/Nrf2/ATF3/4 axis in hypoxic beating rat atria. [Abstract]2022 Mar;25(3):84. PMID: 35029280 -
Eur J Cell Biol
The mechanical mechanism of angiotensin II induced activation of hepatic stellate cells promoting portal hypertension. [Abstract]2024 May 28;103(2):151427. PMID: 38820882 -
BMC Pulm Med
Opposing responses of the rat pulmonary artery and vein to phenylephrine and other agents in vitro. [Abstract]2021 Jun 5;21(1):189. PMID: 34090386
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (20.07 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (1.00 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (1.00 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (291 KB)
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SDS (481 KB)
- English - EN (481 KB)
- Français - FR (481 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (481 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (481 KB)
- Español - ES (481 KB)
- Swedish - SV (481 KB)
- Italian - IT (481 KB)
- Korean - KR (481 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (481 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Kowalczyk A, et al. The role of endothelin-1 and endothelin receptor antagonists in inflammatory response andsepsis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2015 Feb;63(1):41-52. [Content Brief]
[2]. Fan HW, et al. Noninvasive tactile stimulation engaging a thalamic-amygdala circuit ameliorates mood dysfunction in mouse models of depression-like behavior. Neuron. 2026 Apr 1:S0896-6273(26)00176-5. [Content Brief]
[3]. Vahid-Ansari F, et al. Persistent post-stroke depression in mice following unilateral medial prefrontal cortical stroke. Transl Psychiatry. 2016 Aug 2;6(8):e863. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light, under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 0.4013 mL | 2.0065 mL | 4.0130 mL | 10.0325 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.0803 mL | 0.4013 mL | 0.8026 mL | 2.0065 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0401 mL | 0.2007 mL | 0.4013 mL | 1.0033 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.0268 mL | 0.1338 mL | 0.2675 mL | 0.6688 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0201 mL | 0.1003 mL | 0.2007 mL | 0.5016 mL |
Endothelin 1 (swine, human) Related Classifications
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