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B-lymphocyte antigen CD19

Definition:

Functions as coreceptor for the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) on B-lymphocytes. Decreases the threshold for activation of downstream signaling pathways and for triggering B-cell responses to antigens. Activates signaling pathways that lead to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Is not required for early steps during B cell differentiation in the blood marrow. Required for normal differentiation of B-1 cells (By similarity). Required for normal B cell differentiation and proliferation in response to antigen challenges. Required for normal levels of serum immunoglobulins, and for production of high-affinity antibodies in response to antigen challenge.

References:

[1]. Yue Wang, et al. The physiologic role of CD19 cytoplasmic tyrosines. Immunity. 2002 Oct;17(4):501-14. [Content Brief]

[2]. M A de Rie, et al. Regulatory role of CD19 molecules in B-cell activation and differentiation. Cell Immunol. 1989 Feb;118(2):368-81. [Content Brief]

[3]. Menno C van Zelm, et al. An antibody-deficiency syndrome due to mutations in the CD19 gene. N Engl J Med. 2006 May 4;354(18):1901-12. [Content Brief]

[4]. R H Carter, et al. CD19: lowering the threshold for antigen receptor stimulation of B lymphocytes. Science. 1992 Apr 3;256(5053):105-7. [Content Brief]

[5]. S Sato, et al. Regulation of B lymphocyte development and activation by the CD19/CD21/CD81/Leu 13 complex requires the cytoplasmic domain of CD19. J Immunol. 1997 Oct 1;159(7):3278-87. [Content Brief]

[6]. A M Buhl, et al. Qualitative regulation of B cell antigen receptor signaling by CD19: selective requirement for PI3-kinase activation, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate production and Ca2+ mobilization. J Exp Med. 1997 Dec 1;186(11):1897-910. [Content Brief]

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