Betaine
Based on 5 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Betaine (Trimethylglycine) is a natural compound found in many foods and also an active methyl-donor which can maintain normal DNA methylation patterns[1,2]. Betaine is found ubiquitously in plants, animals, microorganisms, and rich dietary sources including seafood, spinach, and wheat bran. Betaine also acts as an osmolyte, to maintain the avian’s cellular water and ion balance to improve the avian’s capacity against heat stress via preventing dehydration and osmotic inactivation. It helps in maintaining the protective osmolytic activity, especially in heat-stressed birds. Betaine may promote various intestinal microbes against osmotic variations and thus improve microbial fermentation activity.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.97%
- CAS No.: 107-43-7
- Formula: C5H11NO2
- Molecular Weight:117.15
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocol
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Betaine
More
Customer Validation & Images
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WB
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IHC
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Flow Cytometry
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IF
All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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Microbial Metabolite |
Human Endogenous Metabolite |
Betaine (Trimethylglycine) inhibites proliferation of HeLa cells significantly[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 107-43-7
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 117.15
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Formula C5H11NO2
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O
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Synonyms
Trimethylglycine; carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylmethanaminium
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (5)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Betaine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Funct Foods. 2025 Apr.
Betaine (orally at a dose of 400 mg/kg, daily, two months). Western blot representative images display protein expression levels of TGF-β1, Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, and α-SMA.
Betaine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Funct Foods. 2025 Apr.
Betaine (orally at a dose of 400 mg/kg, daily, two months). Immunohistochemistry was performed on each group for assessing the expression of Caspase-3.
Betaine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Funct Foods. 2025 Apr.
Results from cell viability assessments under Betaine (1 mM, one week) in CCSMCs (n = 6).
Betaine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Funct Foods. 2025 Apr.
Betaine (1 mM, one week). Flow cytometry images and apoptosis rates across CCSMC groups are also depicted.
Betaine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Funct Foods. 2025 Apr.
Betaine (orally at a dose of 400 mg/kg, daily, two months). Examples of immunofluorescence and relative fluorescence intensities of Bcl-2 (n = 3).
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Clin Chim Acta
SAH and SAM/SAH ratio associate with acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: A case-control study. [Abstract]2024 Jan 15:553:117726. PMID: 38110027 -
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci
Simultaneous determination of choline, L-carnitine, betaine, trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide, and creatinine in plasma, liver, and feces of hyperlipidemic rats by UHPLC-MS/MS. [Abstract]2024 Jun 25:1243:124210. PMID: 38936270 -
Cardiol Res
Inhibition of the STIM1/Orai1 Signaling Pathway by Glycine Betaine Mitigates Myocardial Hypertrophy in Spontaneous Hypertension Rats. [Abstract]2023 Dec;14(6):453-463. PMID: 38187515
Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 100 mg/mL (853.61 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Protocol
Cytotoxic effects of Betaine are evaluated by MTT assays. Briefly, 5×103 HeLa or MCF-10A cells/well are seeded in a 96-well plate and cultured overnight. Then, different concentrations of Betaine (from 0 to 100 mg/mL) are added to each well, and the MTT assay is performed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after incubation. Cu/Zn-SOD activities are detected using the superoxide dismutase Assay Kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Male C57BL/6 mice weighing 25±0.5 g are used in this study. Animals are randomly assigned to four groups (n=6 to 8 per group) and pair-fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli alcohol (AF) or isocaloric maltose dextrin control liquid diet (PF) for 5 weeks with a stepwise feeding procedure. The ethanol content starts at 30% of total calories and gradually increases up to 36% in the last week. Betaine is administered as a supplement in the liquid diets (both PF and AF) at a concentration of 0.5% (w/v), simultaneously with the alcohol. All animals have access to diet and water ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, the mice are killed after being deprived of food for 4 h, and the plasma, liver and epididymal fat pad samples are harvested for assays[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (275 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Guo Y, et al. Betaine Effects on Morphology, Proliferation, and p53-induced Apoptosis of HeLa Cervical Carcinoma Cells in Vitro. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(8):3195-201. [Content Brief]
[2]. Dou X, et al. Rectification of impaired adipose tissue methylation status and lipolytic response contributes to hepatoprotective effect of betaine in a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease. Br J Pharmacol. 2014 Sep;171(17):4073-86. [Content Brief]
[3]. Saeed M, et al. Reconsidering betaine as a natural anti-heat stress agent in poultry industry: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2017 Oct;49(7):1329-1338. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| H2O | 1 mM | 8.5361 mL | 42.6803 mL | 85.3606 mL | 213.4016 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.7072 mL | 8.5361 mL | 17.0721 mL | 42.6803 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.8536 mL | 4.2680 mL | 8.5361 mL | 21.3402 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.5691 mL | 2.8454 mL | 5.6907 mL | 14.2268 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.4268 mL | 2.1340 mL | 4.2680 mL | 10.6701 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.3414 mL | 1.7072 mL | 3.4144 mL | 8.5361 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2845 mL | 1.4227 mL | 2.8454 mL | 7.1134 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.2134 mL | 1.0670 mL | 2.1340 mL | 5.3350 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1707 mL | 0.8536 mL | 1.7072 mL | 4.2680 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1423 mL | 0.7113 mL | 1.4227 mL | 3.5567 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.1067 mL | 0.5335 mL | 1.0670 mL | 2.6675 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0854 mL | 0.4268 mL | 0.8536 mL | 2.1340 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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