Betaine chloride
Based on 6 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Betaine chloride is a natural compound found in many foods and also an active methyl-donor which can maintain normal DNA methylation patterns.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.0%
- CAS No.: 590-46-5
- Formula: C5H12ClNO2
- Molecular Weight:153.61
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocol
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Betaine chloride
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Customer Validation & Images
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WB
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IHC
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Flow Cytometry
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IF
All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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Microbial Metabolite |
Human Endogenous Metabolite |
It is found that proliferation of HeLa cells is inhibited significantly upon exposure to increasing Betaine hydrochloride levels with the MTT test (p<0.05). The percentage of S phase cells in the low dose groups (<5 mg/mL) are distinctly higher than in high dose groups, and the rates of Sub-G1 phase are the opposite (p<0.05). A high concentration of Betaine hydrochloride (>5.0 mg/mL) significantly promotes the apoptosis of HeLa cells (p<0.01). SOD activities of the low dose groups are slightly higher than the control group (p<0.05), and there are obvious synchronicity and correlation among the expression of promoting apoptosis genes Bax, P53, Caspase 3 and apoptosis suppression gene Bcl-2. In response to an apoptosis-inducing stimulus, p53 and cyclin D1 can be activated with blockage of the cell cycle at G1/S or S/G2 checkpoints[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 590-46-5
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 153.61
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Formula C5H12ClNO2
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O.[Cl-]
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (6)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Sci Rep
2026 Apr 9;16(1):16713. PMID: 41957466 -
Clin Chim Acta
SAH and SAM/SAH ratio associate with acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: A case-control study. [Abstract]2024 Jan 15:553:117726. PMID: 38110027 -
Betaine chloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Funct Foods. 2025 Apr.
Betaine (orally at a dose of 400 mg/kg, daily, two months). Western blot representative images display protein expression levels of TGF-β1, Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3, and α-SMA.
Betaine chloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Funct Foods. 2025 Apr.
Betaine (orally at a dose of 400 mg/kg, daily, two months). Immunohistochemistry was performed on each group for assessing the expression of Caspase-3.
Betaine chloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Funct Foods. 2025 Apr.
Results from cell viability assessments under Betaine (1 mM, one week) in CCSMCs (n = 6).
Betaine chloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Funct Foods. 2025 Apr.
Betaine (1 mM, one week). Flow cytometry images and apoptosis rates across CCSMC groups are also depicted.
Betaine chloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Funct Foods. 2025 Apr.
Betaine (orally at a dose of 400 mg/kg, daily, two months). Examples of immunofluorescence and relative fluorescence intensities of Bcl-2 (n = 3).
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J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci
Simultaneous determination of choline, L-carnitine, betaine, trimethylamine, trimethylamine N-oxide, and creatinine in plasma, liver, and feces of hyperlipidemic rats by UHPLC-MS/MS. [Abstract]2024 Aug 1:1243:124210. PMID: 38936270 -
Cardiol Res
Inhibition of the STIM1/Orai1 Signaling Pathway by Glycine Betaine Mitigates Myocardial Hypertrophy in Spontaneous Hypertension Rats. [Abstract]2023 Dec;14(6):453-463. PMID: 38187515
Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 100 mg/mL (651.00 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : 5 mg/mL (32.55 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Protocol
Cytotoxic effects of Betaine hydrochloride are evaluated by MTT assays. Briefly, 5×103 HeLa or MCF-10A cells/well are seeded in a 96-well plate and cultured overnight. Then, different concentrations of Betaine hydrochloride (from 0 to 100 mg/mL) are added to each well, and the MTT assay is performed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after incubation. Cu/Zn-SOD activities are detected using the superoxide dismutase Assay Kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Male C57BL/6 mice weighing 25±0.5 g are used in this study. Animals are randomly assigned to four groups (n=6 to 8 per group) and pair-fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli alcohol (AF) or isocaloric maltose dextrin control liquid diet (PF) for 5 weeks with a stepwise feeding procedure. The ethanol content starts at 30% of total calories and gradually increases up to 36% in the last week. Betaine hydrochloride is administered as a supplement in the liquid diets (both PF and AF) at a concentration of 0.5% (w/v), simultaneously with the alcohol. All animals have access to diet and water ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, the mice are killed after being deprived of food for 4 h, and the plasma, liver and epididymal fat pad samples are harvested for assays[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (276 KB)
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SDS (416 KB)
- English - EN (416 KB)
- Français - FR (416 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (416 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (416 KB)
- Español - ES (416 KB)
- Swedish - SV (416 KB)
- Italian - IT (416 KB)
- Korean - KR (416 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (416 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Guo Y, et al. Betaine Effects on Morphology, Proliferation, and p53-induced Apoptosis of HeLa Cervical Carcinoma Cells in Vitro. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(8):3195-201. [Content Brief]
[2]. Dou X, et al. Rectification of impaired adipose tissue methylation status and lipolytic response contributes to hepatoprotective effect of betaine in a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease. Br J Pharmacol. 2014 Sep;171(17):4073-86. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO / H2O | 1 mM | 6.5100 mL | 32.5500 mL | 65.0999 mL | 162.7498 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.3020 mL | 6.5100 mL | 13.0200 mL | 32.5500 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6510 mL | 3.2550 mL | 6.5100 mL | 16.2750 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.4340 mL | 2.1700 mL | 4.3400 mL | 10.8500 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3255 mL | 1.6275 mL | 3.2550 mL | 8.1375 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2604 mL | 1.3020 mL | 2.6040 mL | 6.5100 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2170 mL | 1.0850 mL | 2.1700 mL | 5.4250 mL | |
| H2O | 40 mM | 0.1627 mL | 0.8137 mL | 1.6275 mL | 4.0687 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.1302 mL | 0.6510 mL | 1.3020 mL | 3.2550 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1085 mL | 0.5425 mL | 1.0850 mL | 2.7125 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0814 mL | 0.4069 mL | 0.8137 mL | 2.0344 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0651 mL | 0.3255 mL | 0.6510 mL | 1.6275 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Betaine chloride Related Classifications
HY-N0739 Related Classifications
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