GSK484 hydrochloride
Based on 49 publication(s) in Google Scholar
GSK484 hydrochloride is a selective and reversible peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitor. GSK484 hydrochloride demonstrates high affinity binding to PAD4 with IC50s of 50 nM in the absence of Calcium. In the presence of 2 mM Calcium, notably lower potency (250 nM) is observed.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.48%
- CAS No.: 1652591-81-5
- Formula: C27H32ClN5O3
- Molecular Weight:510.03
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Storage:
4°C, stored under nitrogen, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocol
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) GSK484 hydrochloride
More- Cancer Cell. 2025 Sep 8;43(9):1758-1775.e8. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell. 2021 Mar 8;39(3):423-437.e7. [Abstract]
- Immunity. 2023 Dec 12;56(12):2755-2772.e8. [Abstract]
- Immunity. 2020 May 19;52(5):856-871.e8. [Abstract]
- Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 Dec 15.
- Cell Mol Immunol. 2024 May;21(5):510-526. [Abstract]
- Adv Funct Mater. 2025 Aug 3.
- Mol Cell. 2025 Oct 2;85(19):3588-3604.e11. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2023 Feb 16;14(1):872. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Differ. 2026 Jan 15. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 Apr;13(20):e18588. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Aug 20:e11873. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jul 21:e00950. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Apr;12(16):e2411524. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jan 23:e2406359. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023 Oct;10(29):e2301835. [Abstract]
- J Immunother Cancer. 2024 Jun 26;12(6):e009082. [Abstract]
- Pharmacol Res. 2021 Aug:170:105712. [Abstract]
- Diabetologia. 2025 Apr;68(4):866-889. [Abstract]
- Apoptosis. 2023 Oct;28(9-10):1484-1495. [Abstract]
- Mucosal Immunol. 2025 Apr 19:S1933-0219(25)00044-3. [Abstract]
- J Tissue Eng. 2025 Aug 19:16:20417314251348038. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2021 Sep 21;36(12):109750. [Abstract]
- OncoImmunology. 2022 Mar 16;11(1):2052418. [Abstract]
- JCI Insight. 2026 Feb 3:e199307. [Abstract]
- Front Immunol. 2022 Feb 16:13:781273. [Abstract]
- J Thromb Haemost. 2024 Jan;22(1):188-198. [Abstract]
- Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2025 Jun 11:15:1540634. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 May 24:159:114939. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2022 Sep:110:108965. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 May:94:107486. [Abstract]
- Rheumatology (Oxford). 2025 Aug 13:keaf437. [Abstract]
- Transl Stroke Res. 2024 Dec 28. [Abstract]
- Transl Stroke Res. 2022 Feb;13(1):112-131. [Abstract]
- FEBS J. 2023 Nov;290(22):5395-5410. [Abstract]
- Aging Cell. 2019 Aug 31;11(17):6951-6959. [Abstract]
- Parasit Vectors. 2025 Jul 1;18(1):248. [Abstract]
- Kidney Dis (Basel). 2025 May 9;11(1):450-468. [Abstract]
- Vet Microbiol. 2026 May:316:110968. [Abstract]
- Fitoterapia. 2025 Sep:185:106771. [Abstract]
- Physiol Res. 2026 Mar 11;75(1):29-43. [Abstract]
- STAR Protoc. 2026 Jan 12;7(1):104326. [Abstract]
- Hlife. 2026 Mar 18.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Sep 5.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Oct 4:2024.10.04.616580. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2024 July 01.
- Sci Tradit Chin Med. 2023 Sep 20.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 May 11.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Apr 3.
Customer Validation & Images
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
Biological Activity
IC50: 50 nM (PAD4, in the absence of Calcium), 250 nM (PAD4, in the presence of 2 mM Calcium)[1]
GSK484 demonstrates high affinity binding to the low-calcium form of PAD4 with IC50s of 50 nM and 250 nM in the absence of Calcium (0 mM) and Calcium (2 mM), respectively. GSK484 also inhibits PAD4 citrullination (at 0.2 mM Calcium) of benzoyl-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) substrate in a concentration-dependent manner, as detected using an NH3 release assay[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 1652591-81-5
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 510.03
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Formula C27H32ClN5O3
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Color Off-white to light yellow
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SMILES
O=C(N1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)CC1)C2=CC(OC)=C3C(N=C(C(N4CC5CC5)=CC6=C4C=CC=C6)N3C)=C2.[H]Cl
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, stored under nitrogen, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture)
Publications (49)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cancer Cell
DNASE1L3-expressing dendritic cells promote CD8+ T cell function and anti-PD-(L)1 therapy efficacy by degrading neutrophil extracellular traps. [Abstract]2025 Sep 8;43(9):1758-1775.e8. PMID: 40816293
GSK484 hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Cell. 2025 Sep 8;43(9):1758-1775.e8. [Abstract]
Schema for GSK484 treatment protocol and summary tumor growth curves of MC38 in Dnase1l3fl/fl and Dnase1l3cko mice (n = 7).
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Cancer Cell
Cathepsin C promotes breast cancer lung metastasis by modulating neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. [Abstract]2021 Mar 8;39(3):423-437.e7. PMID: 33450198
GSK484 hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Cell. 2021 Mar 8;39(3):423-437.e7. [Abstract]
Mice were treated with GSK484 (20 mg/kg, i.p. daily shots for 20 days from day 7, and then maintenance shots every two days) following orthotopic injection of AT3 cells. Shown are BLI quantification of primary tumor growth at day 19.
GSK484 hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Cell. 2021 Mar 8;39(3):423-437.e7. [Abstract]
Mice were treated with GSK484 (20 mg/kg, i.p. daily shots for 20 days from day 7, and then maintenance shots every two days) following orthotopic injection of AT3 cells. Shown are BLI quantification of lung metastasis at week 5.
GSK484 hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Cell. 2021 Mar 8;39(3):423-437.e7. [Abstract]
Mice were treated with GSK484 (20 mg/kg, i.p. daily shots for 20 days from day 7, and then maintenance shots every two days) following orthotopic injection of AT3 cells. Shown are pulmonary surface nodules at week 5.
GSK484 hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Cell. 2021 Mar 8;39(3):423-437.e7. [Abstract]
Mice were treated with GSK484 (20 mg/kg, i.p. daily shots for 20 days from day 7, and then maintenance shots every two days) following orthotopic injection of AT3 cells. Shown are NET formation in lung metastases.
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Immunity
The tumor-derived cytokine Chi3l1 induces neutrophil extracellular traps that promote T cell exclusion in triple-negative breast cancer. [Abstract]2023 Dec 12;56(12):2755-2772.e8. PMID: 38039967 -
Immunity
CXCR1 and CXCR2 Chemokine Receptor Agonists Produced by Tumors Induce Neutrophil Extracellular Traps that Interfere with Immune Cytotoxicity. [Abstract]2020 May 19;52(5):856-871.e8. PMID: 32289253 -
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Cell Mol Immunol
Neutrophil ALDH2 is a new therapeutic target for the effective treatment of sepsis-induced ARDS. [Abstract]2024 May;21(5):510-526. PMID: 38472357 -
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Mol Cell
2025 Oct 2;85(19):3588-3604.e11. PMID: 41043392 -
Nat Commun
Oxidized mitochondrial DNA induces gasdermin D oligomerization in systemic lupus erythematosus. [Abstract]2023 Feb 16;14(1):872. PMID: 36797275 -
Cell Death Differ
EGFR orchestrates neutrophil activation and NETosis via CEBPβ-dependent PGLYRP1 induction. [Abstract]2026 Jan 15. PMID: 41540251 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Bifidobacterium Breve Yang08 Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis By Enriching Akkermansia Muciniphila and Inhibiting Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation In Mice. [Abstract]2026 Apr;13(20):e18588. PMID: 41655253 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Succinate Dehydrogenase Subunit A (SDHA) Mediated Microglia Extracellular Traps Formation Participating in Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury. [Abstract]2025 Aug 20:e11873. PMID: 40832885 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
The CXCL10-CXCR3 Axis Induces Tumor-Associated Neutrophils to Interfere with CTLs-Mediated Antitumor Activity in EBV-Associated Epithelial Cancers. [Abstract]2025 Jul 21:e00950. PMID: 40686457 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
2025 Apr;12(16):e2411524. PMID: 40013981 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
ACSL1 Aggravates Thromboinflammation by LPC/LPA Metabolic Axis in Hyperlipidemia Associated Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. [Abstract]2025 Jan 23:e2406359. PMID: 39853712 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Neutrophil-Mediated Tumor-Targeting Delivery System of Oncolytic Bacteria Combined with ICB for Melanoma Lung Metastasis Therapy. [Abstract]2023 Oct;10(29):e2301835. PMID: 37565362 -
J Immunother Cancer
Tumor cell-released autophagosomes (TRAPs) induce PD-L1-decorated NETs that suppress T-cell function to promote breast cancer pulmonary metastasis. [Abstract]2024 Jun 26;12(6):e009082. PMID: 38926151 -
Pharmacol Res
Targeting P2RX1 alleviates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by preserving mitochondrial dynamics. [Abstract]2021 Aug:170:105712. PMID: 34091010 -
Diabetologia
Intestinal neutrophil extracellular traps promote gut barrier damage exacerbating endotoxaemia, systemic inflammation and progression of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. [Abstract]2025 Apr;68(4):866-889. PMID: 39875729 -
Apoptosis
Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate TLR9/Merlin axis to resist ferroptosis and promote triple negative breast cancer progression. [Abstract]2023 Oct;28(9-10):1484-1495. PMID: 37368176 -
Mucosal Immunol
2025 Apr 19:S1933-0219(25)00044-3. PMID: 40258416 -
J Tissue Eng
Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in the early stages exacerbate the healing process by regulating macrophage polarization in Achilles tendon-bone injury. [Abstract]2025 Aug 19:16:20417314251348038. PMID: 40843411 -
Cell Rep
Inappropriate use of antibiotics exacerbates inflammation through OMV-induced pyroptosis in MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. [Abstract]2021 Sep 21;36(12):109750. PMID: 34551309 -
OncoImmunology
Neutrophil extracellular traps induce tumor metastasis through dual effects on cancer and endothelial cells. [Abstract]2022 Mar 16;11(1):2052418. PMID: 35309732 -
JCI Insight
The CHI3L1-neutrophil axis drives immune suppression and breast cancer metastatic dissemination. [Abstract]2026 Feb 3:e199307. PMID: 41632530 -
Front Immunol
Reduced Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation During Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in C3 KO Mice: C3 Requirement for NETs Release. [Abstract]2022 Feb 16:13:781273. PMID: 35250972 -
J Thromb Haemost
NETs induce persistent lung tissue damage via thromboinflammation without altering virus resolution in a mouse coronavirus model. [Abstract]2024 Jan;22(1):188-198. PMID: 37748582 -
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
Veillonella parvula outer membrane vesicles increase ICAM-1+ neutrophils exhibiting elevated NET formation via ROS-PAD4 signaling. [Abstract]2025 Jun 11:15:1540634. PMID: 40568695 -
Int Immunopharmacol
The natural compound PEITC ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice by suppressing neutrophil extracellular traps formation. [Abstract]2025 May 24:159:114939. PMID: 40414074 -
Int Immunopharmacol
2022 Sep:110:108965. PMID: 35764017 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Protectin D1 decreases pancreatitis severity in mice by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular trap formation. [Abstract]2021 May:94:107486. PMID: 33639566 -
Rheumatology (Oxford)
Autophagy inhibitors block pathogenic NET release in immune-mediated inflammatory disease without impairing host defence. [Abstract]2025 Aug 13:keaf437. PMID: 40802538 -
Transl Stroke Res
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce Brain Edema Around Intracerebral Hematoma via ERK-Mediated Regulation of MMP9 and AQP4. [Abstract]2024 Dec 28. PMID: 39733198 -
Transl Stroke Res
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps may be a Potential Target for Treating Early Brain Injury in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. [Abstract]2022 Feb;13(1):112-131. PMID: 33852132 -
FEBS J
Neutrophil extracellular traps boost laser-induced mouse choroidal neovascularization through the activation of the choroidal endothelial cell TLR4/HIF-1α pathway. [Abstract]2023 Nov;290(22):5395-5410. PMID: 37552110 -
Aging Cell
Kindlin-3 in platelets and myeloid cells differentially regulates deep vein thrombosis in mice. [Abstract]2019 Aug 31;11(17):6951-6959. PMID: 31477636 -
Parasit Vectors
Pentatrichomonas hominis induces extracellular traps formation of macrophages via the TLR2/NADPH/PAD4 pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jul 1;18(1):248. PMID: 40598534 -
Kidney Dis (Basel)
Clinical and Experimental Insights into the Role of NETosis in IgA Nephropathy Pathogenesis. [Abstract]2025 May 9;11(1):450-468. PMID: 40606676 -
Vet Microbiol
The PERK-eIF2α branch activates the NLRP3 inflammasome through the NF-κB signaling pathway to suppress NDV replication. [Abstract]2026 May:316:110968. PMID: 41793984 -
Fitoterapia
Er Miao San and its main components phellodendrine and atractylenolide-I exert anti-rheumatoid arthritis effects by inhibiting PAD4 and thereby reducing the formation of NETs. [Abstract]2025 Sep:185:106771. PMID: 40738459 -
Physiol Res
Targeting the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Ameliorates Heart Failure in Aged Mice by Inhibiting the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. [Abstract]2026 Mar 11;75(1):29-43. PMID: 41811699 -
STAR Protoc
Protocol for identification of protein citrullination by immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry. [Abstract]2026 Jan 12;7(1):104326. PMID: 41528850 -
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bioRxiv
APOE Protects Against Severe Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Restraining Production of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. [Abstract]2024 Oct 4:2024.10.04.616580. PMID: 39605723 -
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Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 100 mg/mL (196.07 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (196.07 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.08 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (4.08 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: Saline
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (196.07 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Protocol
PAD4 is serially diluted in the presence of 10 nM GSK215 in assay buffer (100 mM HEPES, pH 8, 50 mM NaCl, 5% glycerol, 1 mM CHAPS, 1 mM DTT) at varying concentrations of calcium (0, 0.2, 2 and 10 mM). Following incubation for 50 min, apparent Kds for each calcium concentration are determined using a single site saturation curve. For IC50 determination, test compounds (e.g., GSK484) are serially diluted in DMSO (1% final assay concentration) and tested at the same range of calcium concentrations in the presence of PAD4 (at the calculated Kd for each calcium condition) and 10 nM GSK215 in the same assay buffer and volume. Reactions are incubated for 50 min after which IC50 values are calculated using a four-parameter logistic equation[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
HEK293 cells stably expressing N-terminal FLAG-tagged PAD1, PAD2, PAD3 or PAD4 are engineered by retroviral transduction. Cells are grown in 15 cm diameter plates to subconfluency in DMEM supplemented with 10% Foetal Bovine Serum, harvested by centrifugation and washed once in PBS/2 mM EGTA. Cells are lysed in 50 mM Tris-Cl, pH 7.4, 1.5 mM MgCl2, 5% glycerol, 150 mM NaCl, 25 mM NaF, 1 mM Na3VO4, 0.4% NP40, 1 mM DTT with protease inhibitors. Lysates are pre-incubated for 20 min at 4°C with DMSO alone (2%), 100 µM of GSK199, GSK484, GSK106 or 200 µM Cl-amidine. Citrullination reactions are performed for 30 min at 37°C in the presence of 2 mM calcium. Extracts are loaded on to gels, proteins separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes. Citrullinated proteins are then chemically modified and detected using anti-modified citrulline antibody. FLAG-PAD constructs are detected using anti-FLAG antibody[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Mice[2]
The study includes two transgenic mouse models, the MMTV-PyMT mouse model for mammary carcinoma (FVB/n background) and the RIP1-Tag2 mouse model for pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (C57BL/6 background). Mice are treated daily by intra-peritoneal injections of the PAD4 inhibitor GSK484 (4 mg/kg). GSK484 is dissolved in 99.9% ethanol at a concentration of 25 mg/mL to generate a stock solution and further diluted 1:50 in 0.9% NaCl shortly before injection of 200 μL/mouse[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (280 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Lewis HD, et al. Inhibition of PAD4 activity is sufficient to disrupt mouse and human NET formation. Nat Chem Biol. 2015 Mar;11(3):189-91. [Content Brief]
[2]. Cedervall J, et al. Pharmacological targeting of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 prevents cancer-associated kidney injury in mice. Oncoimmunology. 2017 Apr 20;6(8):e1320009. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 1.9607 mL | 9.8033 mL | 19.6067 mL | 49.0167 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3921 mL | 1.9607 mL | 3.9213 mL | 9.8033 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1961 mL | 0.9803 mL | 1.9607 mL | 4.9017 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1307 mL | 0.6536 mL | 1.3071 mL | 3.2678 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0980 mL | 0.4902 mL | 0.9803 mL | 2.4508 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0784 mL | 0.3921 mL | 0.7843 mL | 1.9607 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0654 mL | 0.3268 mL | 0.6536 mL | 1.6339 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0490 mL | 0.2451 mL | 0.4902 mL | 1.2254 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0392 mL | 0.1961 mL | 0.3921 mL | 0.9803 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0327 mL | 0.1634 mL | 0.3268 mL | 0.8169 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0245 mL | 0.1225 mL | 0.2451 mL | 0.6127 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0196 mL | 0.0980 mL | 0.1961 mL | 0.4902 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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