Histone H2AX

Definition:

Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell cycle progression in response to low doses of ionizing radiation and for efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) specifically when modified by C-terminal phosphorylation.

References:

[1]. Grant S Stewart, et al. MDC1 is a mediator of the mammalian DNA damage checkpoint. Nature. 2003 Feb 27;421(6926):961-6. [Content Brief]

[2]. Junya Kobayashi, et al. NBS1 localizes to gamma-H2AX foci through interaction with the FHA/BRCT domain. Curr Biol. 2002 Oct 29;12(21):1846-51. [Content Brief]

[3]. T T Paull, et al. A critical role for histone H2AX in recruitment of repair factors to nuclear foci after DNA damage. Curr Biol. 2000;10(15):886-95. [Content Brief]

[4]. Tsuyoshi Ikura, et al. DNA damage-dependent acetylation and ubiquitination of H2AX enhances chromatin dynamics. Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Oct;27(20):7028-40. [Content Brief]

[5]. Claudia Lukas, et al. Mdc1 couples DNA double-strand break recognition by Nbs1 with its H2AX-dependent chromatin retention. EMBO J. 2004 Jul 7;23(13):2674-83. [Content Brief]

[6]. Masae Ikura, et al. Acetylation of Histone H2AX at Lys 5 by the TIP60 Histone Acetyltransferase Complex Is Essential for the Dynamic Binding of NBS1 to Damaged Chromatin. Mol Cell Biol. 2015 Dec;35(24):4147-57. [Content Brief]

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