ATRX - ATRX chromatin remodeler Gene
Also Known as JMS; XH2; XNP; MRX52; RAD54; RAD54L; ZNF-HX
Species: Homo sapiens
About ATRX
This gene has 25 transcripts (splice variants), 255 orthologues, 30 paralogues and is associated with 166 phenotypes. Ubiquitous expression in brain (RPKM 12.1), endometrium (RPKM 9.2) and 25 other tissues.
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene contains an ATPase/helicase domain, and thus it belongs to the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodeling proteins. This protein is found to undergo cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation, which regulates its nuclear matrix and chromatin association, and suggests its involvement in the gene regulation at interphase and chromosomal segregation in Mitosis. Mutations in this gene are associated with X-linked syndromes exhibiting cognitive disabilities as well as alpha-thalassemia (ATRX) syndrome. These mutations have been shown to cause diverse changes in the pattern of DNA methylation, which may provide a link between chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, and gene expression in developmental processes. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]
ATRX Products (2)
| mRNA | Protein | Name |
|---|---|---|
| NM_000489.6 | NP_000480.3 | transcriptional regulator ATRX isoform 1 |
| NM_138270.5 | NP_612114.2 | transcriptional regulator ATRX isoform 2 |
| Molecular Function GO Annotation | Evidence | References | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| enables DNA translocase activity |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
12953102 | GOA |
| enables chromatin binding |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
27029610 | GOA |
| enables chromo shadow domain binding |
IPI
IPI: Inferred from physical interaction
|
15882967 | GOA |
| enables histone binding |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
20211137 | GOA |
| enables methylated histone binding |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
21421568 | GOA |
| enables protein binding |
IPI
IPI: Inferred from physical interaction
|
10699177 | GOA |
| Biological Process GO Annotation | Evidence | References | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| involved in chromatin organization |
IMP
IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype
|
22391447 | GOA |
| involved in chromatin remodeling |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
20651253 | GOA |
| involved in chromatin remodeling |
IMP
IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype
|
10742099 | GOA |
| involved in negative regulation of maintenance of mitotic sister chromatid cohesion, telomeric |
IMP
IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype
|
26373281 | GOA |
| involved in nucleosome assembly |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
20651253 | GOA |
| involved in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II |
IMP
IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype
|
22391447 | GOA |
| involved in subtelomeric heterochromatin formation |
IMP
IMP: Inferred from mutant phenotype
|
26055325 | GOA |
| Cellular Component GO Annotation | Evidence | References | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| located in chromosome, subtelomeric region |
IDA
IDA: Inferred from direct assay
|
26055325 | GOA |
ATRX Protein Structure
SNF2_N: SNF2 family N-terminal domain (1563 - 1888)
Helicase_C: Helicase conserved C-terminal domain (2079 - 2155)
- 0
- 400
- 800
- 1200
- 1600
- 2000
- 2492 a.a.
| Protein Preferred Names | Protein Names | |
|---|---|---|
|
transcriptional regulator ATRX |
|
ATRX Protein-protein interaction Information
|
Type
|
Protein Name | Protein ID | Interactor | Interactor Species | Interactor ID | Detection Method | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Intra
|
ATRX | P46100 | RAD50 | Homo sapiens | Q92878 | 24651726 | |
|
Intra
|
ATRX | P46100 | RAD50 | Homo sapiens | Q92878 | 24651726 | |
|
Intra
|
ATRX | P46100 | EZH2 | Homo sapiens | Q15910 | 25417162 | |
|
Intra
|
ATRX | P46100 | EZH2 | Homo sapiens | Q15910 | 25417162 | |
|
Intra
|
ATRX | P46100 | DAXX | Homo sapiens | Q9UER7 | 24651726 | |
|
Intra
|
ATRX | P46100 | DAXX | Homo sapiens | Q9UER7 | 22102817 | |
|
Intra
|
ATRX | P46100 | DAXX | Homo sapiens | Q9UER7 | 12953102 | |
|
Intra
|
ATRX | P46100 | CBX5 | Homo sapiens | P45973 | 10699177 |
Related Diseases
| Diseases | Alias | |
|---|---|---|
| Alpha-Thalassemia Myelodysplasia Syndrome |
|
|
| Intellectual Disability-Hypotonic Facies Syndrome, X-Linked, 1 |
|
|
| Alpha-Thalassemia/Mental Retardation Syndrome, X-Linked |
|
|
| Alpha Thalassemia-X-Linked Intellectual Disability Syndrome |
|
|
| High-Grade Astrocytoma |
|
|
| Malignant Astrocytoma |
|
|
| Anaplastic Astrocytoma |
|
|
| Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor |
|
|
| Osteogenic Sarcoma |
|
|
| Cryptorchidism, Unilateral Or Bilateral |
|
|
| Bone Osteosarcoma |
|
|
| Microcephaly |
|
|
| Thalassemia |
|
|
| Alpha-Thalassemia |
|
|
| Gastric Neuroendocrine Neoplasm |
|
|
| Intellectual Developmental Disorder, X-Linked, Syndromic, Turner Type |
|
|
| Diffuse Astrocytoma |
|
|
| Mixed Oligodendroglioma-Astrocytoma |
|
|
| Adult Brainstem Astrocytoma |
|
|
| Nervous System Disease |
|
|
| Congenital Nervous System Abnormality |
|
|
| Idh-Wildtype Glioblastoma |
|
|
| Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma |
|
|
| Adult Astrocytic Tumour |
|
|
| Childhood Osteosarcoma |
|
|
| Astrocytoma, Idh-Mutant, Grade 4 |
|
|
| Choroid Plexus Cancer |
|
|
| Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma |
|
|
| Diffuse Glioma, H3 G34 Mutant |
|
|
| Brain Stem Astrocytic Neoplasm |
|
|
| Myelodysplastic Syndrome |
|
|
| Gonadal Dysgenesis |
|
|
| Low Grade Glioma |
|
|
| Spinal Cord Astrocytoma |
|
|
| Adult Brain Stem Glioma |
|
|
| Leiomyosarcoma |
|
|
| Paraganglioma |
|
|
| Brain Glioma |
|
|
| Childhood Oligodendroglioma |
|
|
| Central Nervous System Benign Neoplasm |
|
|
| Mixed Glioma |
|
|
| Idh-Mutant Anaplastic Astrocytoma |
|
|
| Spinal Cord Disease |
|
|
| Alpha Thalassemia-Intellectual Disability Syndrome Type 1 |
|
|
| Spinal Cord Oligodendroglioma |
|
|
| Rett Syndrome |
|
|
| Spinal Cord Glioma |
|
|
| Pancreatic Endocrine Carcinoma |
|
|
| Gemistocytic Astrocytoma |
|
|
| Hemoglobin H Disease |
|
|
| Histone Mutated Tumor |
|
|
| Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome |
|
|
| Idh-Wildtype Anaplastic Astrocytoma |
|
|
| Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27m-Mutant |
|
|
| Adult Oligodendroglioma |
|
|
| Atypical Choroid Plexus Papilloma |
|
|
| Gliomatosis Cerebri |
|
|
| Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma |
|
|
| Spinal Cancer |
|
|
| Astroblastoma |
|
|
| Cerebral Ventricle Cancer |
|
|
| Brain Stem Cancer |
|
|
| High Grade Ependymoma |
|
|
| Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor |
|
|
| Cerebrum Cancer |
|
|
| Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma |
|
|
| Pheochromocytoma |
|
|
| Supratentorial Cancer |
|
|
| Supratentorial Ependymoma |
|
|
| Syndromic X-Linked Intellectual Disability Nascimento Type |
|
|
| Multiple Enchondromatosis, Maffucci Type |
|
|
| Pilocytic Astrocytoma |
|
|
| Coffin-Lowry Syndrome |
|
|
| Benign Ependymoma |
|
|
| Islet Cell Tumor |
|
|
| Floating-Harbor Syndrome |
|
|
| Subependymal Glioma |
|
|
| Non-Syndromic X-Linked Intellectual Disability 93 |
|
|
| Rela Fusion-Positive Ependymoma |
|
|
| Helsmoortel-Van Der Aa Syndrome |
|
|
| Immunodeficiency-Centromeric Instability-Facial Anomalies Syndrome |
|
|
| Enchondromatosis, Multiple, Ollier Type |
|
|
| Giant Cell Glioblastoma |
|
|
| Specific Developmental Disorder |
|
|
| Weaver Syndrome |
|
|
| Temporal Lobe Neoplasm |
|
|
| Neuroblastoma |
|
|
| Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Type I |
|
|
| Myxofibrosarcoma |
|
|
| Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma |
|
|
| Primary Hyperoxaluria |
|
|
| Hemolytic Anemia |
|
|
| Infratentorial Cancer |
|
|
| Gliosarcoma |
|
|
| Li-Fraumeni Syndrome |
|
|
| Parkinson Disease 2, Autosomal Recessive Juvenile |
|
|
| Sotos Syndrome |
|
|
| Cornelia De Lange Syndrome |
|
|
| Syndromic Intellectual Disability |
|
|
| Deficiency Anemia |
|
|
| Hereditary Breast Ovarian Cancer Syndrome |
|
|
| Aplastic Anemia |
|
|
| Meningioma, Familial |
|
|
| Fanconi Anemia, Complementation Group A |
|
|
| Non-Syndromic X-Linked Intellectual Disability |
|
|
| Peripheral Nervous System Disease |
|
|
Orthologs Information
| Species | Symbol | Source | ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| Macaca mulatta | ATRX | VGNC | VGNC:70195 |
| Bos taurus | ATRX | VGNC | VGNC:26336 |
| Rattus norvegicus | ATRX | RGD | RGD:619795 |
| Felis catus | ATRX | VGNC | VGNC:68798 |
| Mus musculus | ATRX | MGD | MGI:103067 |
| Canis familiaris | ATRX | VGNC | VGNC:38297 |
| Others | ATRX | NCBI |