550-21-0
Chemical Structure
Isotocin
Synonym(s): (Ser4,Ile8)-Oxytocin
- CAS No.: 550-21-0
- Formula:C41H63N11O12S2
- Molecular Weight:966.14
InChIKey: XMINXPSYULINQV-XPLLYYSMSA-N
SMILES: O=C([C@H]1NC([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@](NC([C@@H](NC([C@H](CSSC1)N)=O)CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)=O)([H])[C@@H](C)CC)=O)CO)=O)CC(N)=O)=O)N3[C@@H](CCC3)C(N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(NCC(N)=O)=O)=O
Biological Activity: Isotocin is the homologue of mammalian oxytocin in teleost fish, belonging to the category of neurotransmitters/neuromodulators and peripheral hormones. Isotocin exerts biological effects by binding to its homologous isotocin receptor (with EC50 = 1.58e-10 mol/L in gilthead seabream) and specific G-protein-coupled receptor subtypes. Isotocin promotes paternal behavior in cichlids, regulates the expression of Foxi3a and P63, thereby controlling the differentiation of ionocyte progenitor cells and the proliferation of epidermal stem cells, and modulates whole-body ion content in zebrafish embryos. Isotocin regulates social and reproductive behaviors, synchronizes the reproductive cycles of teleost fish, and its neuronal phenotypes can be used to classify the types of reproductive systems in cichlids[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].
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Isotocin | Isotocin is the homologue of mammalian oxytocin in teleost fish, belonging to the category of neurotransmitters/neuromodulators and peripheral hormones. Isotocin exerts biological effects by binding to its homologous isotocin receptor (with EC50 = 1.58e-10 mol/L in gilthead seabream) and specific G-protein-coupled receptor subtypes. Isotocin promotes paternal behavior in cichlids, regulates the expression of Foxi3a and P63, thereby controlling the differentiation of ionocyte progenitor cells and the proliferation of epidermal stem cells, and modulates whole-body ion content in zebrafish embryos. Isotocin regulates social and reproductive behaviors, synchronizes the reproductive cycles of teleost fish, and its neuronal phenotypes can be used to classify the types of reproductive systems in cichlids. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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- [1]. O'Connell LA, et al. Isotocin regulates paternal care in a monogamous cichlid fish. Hormones and behavior. 2012 May;61(5):725-33. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Chou MY, et al. Isotocin controls ion regulation through regulating ionocyte progenitor differentiation and proliferation. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS. 2011 Aug;68(16):2797-809. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Kanda S, et al. Neuroanatomical evidence that kisspeptin directly regulates isotocin and vasotocin neurons. PloS one. 2013;8(4):e62776. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Reddon AR, et al. Effects of isotocin on social responses in a cooperatively breeding fish. Animal Behaviour. 2012;84:753-760.
- [5]. Hellmann JK, et al. Group response to social perturbation: impacts of isotocin and the social landscape. Animal Behaviour. 2015;105:55-62.
- [6]. Reddon AR, et al. Isotocin neuronal phenotypes differ among social systems in cichlid fishes. Royal Society open science. 2017 May;4(5):170350. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Altmieme Z, et al. A reproductive role for the nonapeptides vasotocin and isotocin in male zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology. 2019 Dec;238:110333. [Content Brief]
- [8]. Sokolowska E, et al. Nonapeptides Arginine Vasotocin and Isotocin in Fishes: Advantage of Bioactive Molecules Measurement. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2020;7:610.
- [9]. Martos-Sitcha JA, et al. Vasotocin and isotocin regulate aquaporin 1 function in the sea bream. The Journal of experimental biology. 2015 Mar;218(Pt 5):684-93. [Content Brief]
- [10]. Venkatesh B, et al. Transgenic rats reveal functional conservation of regulatory controls between the Fugu isotocin and rat oxytocin genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1997 Nov 11;94(23):12462-6. [Content Brief]
Keywords
