UK-5099
Based on 56 publication(s) in Google Scholar
UK-5099 (PF-1005023) is a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). UK-5099 (PF-1005023) inhibits pyruvate-dependent O2 consumption with an IC50 of 50 nM.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.95%
- CAS No.: 56396-35-1
- Formula: C18H12N2O2
- Molecular Weight:288.30
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) UK-5099
More- Cell Metab. 2022 Nov 1;34(11):1843-1859.e11. [Abstract]
- Nat Immunol. 2023 Mar;24(3):423-438. [Abstract]
- Immunity. 2026 Jan 28:S1074-7613(25)00566-7. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell. 2026 Feb 25:S1097-2765(26)00097-3. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell. 2024 Jun 21:S1097-2765(24)00477-5. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 May 15;16(1):4502. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2024 Aug 3;15(1):6587. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2023 Jul 14;14(1):4129. [Abstract]
- Theranostics. 2020 May 16;10(14):6483-6499. [Abstract]
- Small. 2026 Mar;22(18):e13435. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2025 May 17:84:103675. [Abstract]
- Redox Biol. 2024 May:71:103112. [Abstract]
- Brain. 2024 Aug 28:awae270. [Abstract]
- Engineering. 2024 Sep 6.
- ACS Cent Sci. 2024 Jan 31;10(2):402-416. [Abstract]
- Acta Biomater. 2025 Aug:202:463-475. [Abstract]
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2025 Dec 9;122(49):e2515641122. [Abstract]
- ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024 Oct 2;16(39):51798-51806. [Abstract]
- Environ Pollut. 2025 Apr 3:373:126200. [Abstract]
- PLoS Biol. 2025 Nov 24;23(11):e3003490. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2024 Nov 26;43(12):115015. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2023 Sep 26;42(9):113147. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2023 Aug 8;42(8):112970. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2023 Jun 1;42(6):112583. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2021 Sep 7;36(10):109659. [Abstract]
- Mol Metab. 2024 Aug 23:102018. [Abstract]
- Mol Metab. 2022 May:59:101466. [Abstract]
- Int J Nanomedicine. 2025 Dec 5:20:14551-14569. [Abstract]
- J Cell Biol. 2025 Dec 1;224(12):e202501122. [Abstract]
- Fundam Res. 2023 Mar 6;4(4):820-828. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Jun 12;72(23):13039-13053. [Abstract]
- Geroscience. 2024 Aug;46(4):3581-3597. [Abstract]
- Cancer Metab. 2025 Mar 31;13(1):16. [Abstract]
- J Pathol. 2025 Oct 23. [Abstract]
- Glia. 2024 Feb;72(2):433-451. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2022 Oct 13;25(11):105353. [Abstract]
- Oncol Res. 2022 May 4;29(1):33-46. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2021 Sep 25;24(10):103170. [Abstract]
- Virol Sin. 2025 Nov 21:S1995-820X(25)00161-0. [Abstract]
- J Biol Chem. 2022 Mar 4:101775. [Abstract]
- Neurophotonics. 2025 Jun;12(Suppl 2):S22807. [Abstract]
- J Virol. 2022 Feb 23;96(4):e0191921. [Abstract]
- Eur J Immunol. 2025 Dec;55(12):e70087. [Abstract]
- Eur J Immunol. 2022 Jun;52(6):978-993. [Abstract]
- Exp Cell Res. 2025 Dec 19;455(2):114870. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Res. 2025 Jun 3:1-18. [Abstract]
- Vet Microbiol. 2023 Apr:279:109674. [Abstract]
- J Bone Miner Metab. 2023 Sep;41(5):606-620. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jun 12:2026.06.11.731694. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jun 11.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Apr 20.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Jun 24.
- bioRxiv. 2024 August 17.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Sep 15.
- Research Square Preprint. 2022.
- Research Square Print. 2022 May.
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Flow Cytometry
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Flow Cytometry
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WB
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WB
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
Biological Activity
IC50: 50 nM (MPC)[1]
The trypanosomal pyruvate carrier is found to be rather insensitive to inhibition by alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (Ki=17 mM) but can be completely blocked by UK-5099 (Ki=49 microM)[2]. UK-5099 also inhibits the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) [3]. UK5099 significantly inhibits the glucose-stimulated rise in oxygen consumption in a dose-dependent manner and at 150 μM reduced oxygen consumption below basal levels. UK5099 reduces ATP levels and increases ADP and AMP levels in 832/13 cells[4]. The UK5099 treated cells show significantly higher proportion of side population fraction and express higher levels of stemness markers Oct3/4 and Nanog. UK5099 application may be an ideal model for Warburg effect studies[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 56396-35-1
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 288.30
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Formula C18H12N2O2
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Color Light yellow to yellow
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SMILES
O=C(O)/C(C#N)=C/C1=CN(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=C1C=CC=C3
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Synonyms
PF-1005023
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (56)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell Metab
2022 Nov 1;34(11):1843-1859.e11. PMID: 36103895 -
Nat Immunol
Influenza-trained mucosal-resident alveolar macrophages confer long-term antitumor immunity in the lungs. [Abstract]2023 Mar;24(3):423-438. PMID: 36807642 -
Immunity
A type I interferon-mitochondrial axis regulates efferocytosis and interferon-stimulated gene induction in macrophages. [Abstract]2026 Jan 28:S1074-7613(25)00566-7. PMID: 41610845 -
Mol Cell
Functional nutrient-genetic profiling reveals biotin and FBXW7 are essential to bypass glutamine addiction. [Abstract]2026 Feb 25:S1097-2765(26)00097-3. PMID: 41747732 -
Mol Cell
pLxIS-containing domains are biochemically flexible regulators of interferons and metabolism. [Abstract]2024 Jun 21:S1097-2765(24)00477-5. PMID: 38925114 -
Nat Commun
TIGIT deficiency promotes autoreactive CD4+ T-cell responses through a metabolic‒epigenetic mechanism in autoimmune myositis. [Abstract]2025 May 15;16(1):4502. PMID: 40374622
UK-5099 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 May 15;16(1):4502. [Abstract]
Naive Tigit−/− or Tigit+/+ CD4+ T cells were cultured under Th1- or Th17- polarizing condition for 5 d. UK5099 (20 μM), MSDC-0602 (10 μM), Etomoxir (ETO, 1 μM), or bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1, 2, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES, 3 μM) was included for the last 48 h of culture. IFNγ, T-bet, IL-17A, and RORγt expression in CD4+ T cells were measured by flow cytometry.
UK-5099 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 May 15;16(1):4502. [Abstract]
Naive Tigit−/− or Tigit+/+ CD4+ T cells were cultured under Th1- or Th17- polarizing condition for 5 d. UK5099 (20 μM), MSDC-0602 (10 μM), Etomoxir (ETO,1 μM), or bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1, 2,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES, 3 μM) was included for the last 48 h of culture. IFNγ, T-bet, IL-17A, and RORγt expression in CD4+ T cells were measured by flow cytometry.
UK-5099 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 May 15;16(1):4502. [Abstract]
CD4+ T cells from HC or PM patients were stimulated with αCD3/CD28 in the presence of UK5099 (20 μM), recombinant human CD155-Fc (10 μg/ml), or control IgG1 for 3 d.
UK-5099 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 May 15;16(1):4502. [Abstract]
Immunoblot analysis of acetylated H3K9 and H3K27 in mouse CD4+ T cells and representative bands.Cells were stimulated with αCD3/CD28 for 3 days in the presence of UK5099 (20 μM), ETO, or BPTES.
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Nat Commun
2024 Aug 3;15(1):6587. PMID: 39097623
UK-5099 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2024 Aug 3;15(1):6587. [Abstract]
NIC cells were treated with 10μM UK5099, or DMSO as a control. Proliferation was assessed by Incucyte® to measure cell confluency in real time.
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Nat Commun
2023 Jul 14;14(1):4129. PMID: 37452018 -
Theranostics
STIM1 is a metabolic checkpoint regulating the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2020 May 16;10(14):6483-6499. PMID: 32483465 -
Small
Dynamically Reprograms Mitochondrial Respiration to Augment Cuproptosis in Cancer Therapy. [Abstract]2026 Mar;22(18):e13435. PMID: 41653427 -
Redox Biol
Hypobaric hypoxia-driven energy metabolism disturbance facilitates vascular endothelial dysfunction. [Abstract]2025 May 17:84:103675. PMID: 40393151 -
Redox Biol
Enteric coronavirus PDCoV evokes a non-Warburg effect by hijacking pyruvic acid as a metabolic hub. [Abstract]2024 May:71:103112. PMID: 38461791 -
Brain
2024 Aug 28:awae270. PMID: 39197036 -
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ACS Cent Sci
High-Performance Genetically Encoded Green Fluorescent Biosensors for Intracellular l-Lactate. [Abstract]2024 Jan 31;10(2):402-416. PMID: 38435524 -
Acta Biomater
A tumor microenvironment-responsive nanocomposite for enhanced copper retention and hypoxia reversal to promote cuproptosis in tumor treatment. [Abstract]2025 Aug:202:463-475. PMID: 40618974 -
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Ace2 safeguards embryonic hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell production by restraining Nlrp3-mediated pyroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 9;122(49):e2515641122. PMID: 41348733 -
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
Bioresponsive Nanoparticles Boost Starvation Therapy and Prevent Premetastatic Niche Formation for Pulmonary Metastasis Treatment. [Abstract]2024 Oct 2;16(39):51798-51806. PMID: 39301793 -
Environ Pollut
Effects of polystyrene microparticles exposures on spermatogenic cell differentiation and reproductive endpoints in male mice. [Abstract]2025 Apr 3:373:126200. PMID: 40185193 -
PLoS Biol
The cell cycle regulator PLK1 promotes murine melanoma progression by regulating the transcription factor BACH1. [Abstract]2025 Nov 24;23(11):e3003490. PMID: 41284701 -
Cell Rep
2024 Nov 26;43(12):115015. PMID: 39602308 -
Cell Rep
Cancer cells reprogram to metastatic state through the acquisition of platelet mitochondria. [Abstract]2023 Sep 26;42(9):113147. PMID: 37756158 -
Cell Rep
Aberrant metabolite trafficking and fuel sensitivity in human pluripotent stem cell-derived islets. [Abstract]2023 Aug 8;42(8):112970. PMID: 37556323 -
Cell Rep
2023 Jun 1;42(6):112583. PMID: 37267106 -
Cell Rep
Diurnal regulation of oxidative phosphorylation restricts hepatocyte proliferation and inflammation. [Abstract]2021 Sep 7;36(10):109659. PMID: 34496251 -
Mol Metab
2024 Aug 23:102018. PMID: 39182844 -
Mol Metab
Reprogramming hormone-sensitive prostate cancer to a lethal neuroendocrine cancer lineage by mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). [Abstract]2022 May:59:101466. PMID: 35219875 -
Int J Nanomedicine
Tumor Microenvironment Reprogramming via Copper-Enriched Black Phosphorus Nanoplatform for Cuproptosis-Sensitized Low-Dose Radioimmunotherapy. [Abstract]2025 Dec 5:20:14551-14569. PMID: 41383282 -
J Cell Biol
Irg1l regulates neuromast size via metabolic reprogramming to promote supporting cell proliferation. [Abstract]2025 Dec 1;224(12):e202501122. PMID: 41147954 -
Fundam Res
Astrocytic pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-lactic acid axis involvement in glia-neuron crosstalk contributes to morphine-induced hyperalgesia in mice. [Abstract]2023 Mar 6;4(4):820-828. PMID: 39161415 -
J Agric Food Chem
Elevated PINK1/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy and Boosted Mitochondrial Function Mediate Protection of HepG2 Cells from Excess Palmitic Acid by Hesperetin. [Abstract]2024 Jun 12;72(23):13039-13053. PMID: 38809522 -
Geroscience
Cell-free ascites from ovarian cancer patients induces Warburg metabolism and cell proliferation through TGFβ-ERK signaling. [Abstract]2024 Aug;46(4):3581-3597. PMID: 38196068 -
Cancer Metab
Unveiling the powerhouse: ASCL1-driven small cell lung cancer is characterized by higher numbers of mitochondria and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation. [Abstract]2025 Mar 31;13(1):16. PMID: 40165271 -
J Pathol
Lactate-mediated activation of GPR81 regulates BCR/Abl protein expression in chronic myeloid leukemia cells selected under low oxygen tension. [Abstract]2025 Oct 23. PMID: 41128634 -
Glia
Drosophila tweety facilitates autophagy to regulate mitochondrial homeostasis and bioenergetics in Glia. [Abstract]2024 Feb;72(2):433-451. PMID: 37870193 -
iScience
Lactate facilitates classical swine fever virus replication by enhancing cholesterol biosynthesis. [Abstract]2022 Oct 13;25(11):105353. PMID: 36339254 -
Oncol Res
Lactate Maintains BCR/Abl Expression and Signaling in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Under Nutrient Restriction. [Abstract]2022 May 4;29(1):33-46. PMID: 35131002 -
iScience
2021 Sep 25;24(10):103170. PMID: 34646996 -
Virol Sin
Thapsigargin suppresses porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus replication by disrupting host energy metabolism. [Abstract]2025 Nov 21:S1995-820X(25)00161-0. PMID: 41276220 -
J Biol Chem
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier blockade results in decreased osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via regulating mitochondrial energy production. [Abstract]2022 Mar 4:101775. PMID: 35257748 -
Neurophotonics
Two-point calibration protocol for the Förster Resonance Energy Transfer indicator Pyronic in neurons. [Abstract]2025 Jun;12(Suppl 2):S22807. PMID: 41141230 -
J Virol
African Swine Fever Virus Regulates Host Energy and Amino Acid Metabolism To Promote Viral Replication. [Abstract]2022 Feb 23;96(4):e0191921. PMID: 34908441 -
Eur J Immunol
Hyperinflammation by Human Macrophages Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike IgG Is Dependent on Glucose and Fatty Acid Metabolism. [Abstract]2025 Dec;55(12):e70087. PMID: 41416928 -
Eur J Immunol
2022 Jun;52(6):978-993. PMID: 35340022 -
Exp Cell Res
p38 MAPK-mediated suppression of Nrf2-MPC2 axis drives metabolic reprogramming which confers imatinib resistance in blast crisis phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. [Abstract]2025 Dec 19;455(2):114870. PMID: 41423144 -
Free Radic Res
Dioscin induces ferroptosis to suppress the metastasis of gastric cancer through the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis. [Abstract]2025 Jun 3:1-18. PMID: 40460255 -
Vet Microbiol
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection manipulates central carbon metabolism. [Abstract]2023 Apr:279:109674. PMID: 36739813 -
J Bone Miner Metab
Extracellular ATP-induced calcium oscillations regulating the differentiation of osteoblasts through aerobic oxidation metabolism pathways. [Abstract]2023 Sep;41(5):606-620. PMID: 37418073 -
bioRxiv
Citrate Compartmentalization Controls Calcium-Dependent Cytokine Production in Effector T Cells. [Abstract]2026 Jun 12:2026.06.11.731694. PMID: 42327233 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (173.43 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.67 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
The 832/13 cell line is used for experiments. Cell viability is measured using CellTiter Blue. The assay is based on cellular reduction of resazurin to resorufin. Appearance of resorufin is monitored by fluorescence emission at 585 nm using a Spectramax M5 microplate reader with excitation at 555 nm. For UK5099-treated cells, cells are allowed to recover for 1 h before measuring cell viability. Data are expressed as -fold relative to no treatment or siCtrl[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
C57BLK mice are fasted for 16 h prior to glucose challenge. UK5099 (32 μmol/kg of body weight) or DMSO in PBS is injected into the intraperitoneal cavity 30 min before injecting glucose (1.5 mg of glucose/g of body weight). Blood glucose levels are measured at 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 min after glucose injection[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (285 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Halestrap AP. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier. Kinetics and specificity for substrates and inhibitors. Biochem J. 1975 April; 148(1): 85-96. [Content Brief]
[2]. Wiemer EA, et al. The inhibition of pyruvate transport across the plasma membrane of the bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei and its metabolic implications. Biochem J. 1995 Dec 1;312 ( Pt 2):479-84. [Content Brief]
[3]. Hinoi E, et al. A molecular mechanism of pyruvate protection against cytotoxicity of reactive oxygen species in osteoblasts. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Sep;70(3):925-35. Epub 2006 Jun 9. [Content Brief]
[4]. Patterson JN, et al. Mitochondrial metabolism of pyruvate is essential for regulating glucose-stimulated secretion. J Biol Chem. 2014 May 9;289(19):13335-46. [Content Brief]
[5]. Zhong Y, et al. Application of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier blocker UK5099 creates metabolic reprogram and greater stem-like properties in LnCap prostate cancer cells in vitro. Oncotarget. 2015 Nov 10;6(35):37758-69. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.4686 mL | 17.3430 mL | 34.6861 mL | 86.7152 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6937 mL | 3.4686 mL | 6.9372 mL | 17.3430 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3469 mL | 1.7343 mL | 3.4686 mL | 8.6715 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2312 mL | 1.1562 mL | 2.3124 mL | 5.7810 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1734 mL | 0.8672 mL | 1.7343 mL | 4.3358 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1387 mL | 0.6937 mL | 1.3874 mL | 3.4686 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1156 mL | 0.5781 mL | 1.1562 mL | 2.8905 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0867 mL | 0.4336 mL | 0.8672 mL | 2.1679 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0694 mL | 0.3469 mL | 0.6937 mL | 1.7343 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0578 mL | 0.2891 mL | 0.5781 mL | 1.4453 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0434 mL | 0.2168 mL | 0.4336 mL | 1.0839 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0347 mL | 0.1734 mL | 0.3469 mL | 0.8672 mL |