RUNX1

RUNX1 (Runt-related transcription factor 1) is a pivotal hematopoietic transcription factor that orchestrates lineage specification, stem cell maintenance, and differentiation^[1][2]. Mechanistically, RUNX1 regulates multiple signaling pathways, including NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, and TGF-β, modulating immune responses, inflammation, and hematopoietic proliferation^[2][3][4]. In early hematopoiesis, isoforms such as RUNX1b and RUNX1-205 exhibit distinct temporal functions, with RUNX1-205 blocking hemogenic endothelial emergence while promoting late-stage hematopoietic differentiation^[5][6]. RUNX1 mutations or haploinsufficiency contribute to leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, familial platelet disorders, and influence sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, demonstrating its disease relevance^[1][3][7][8]. Compared with RUNX2 and RUNX3, RUNX1 exhibits unique tissue-specific expression and isoform-dependent regulation, particularly in hematopoietic and renal epithelial cells, underscoring functional distinctions within the RUNX family^[1][9][4]. Pharmacologically, small molecule inhibitors targeting RUNX1-CBFβ interaction or TGF-β pathways have been shown to modulate RUNX1 activity, restore hematopoietic defects, and reduce inflammation and fibrosis in experimental models, suggesting translational potential^[10][7][4]. RUNX1 also regulates platelet function and aspirin-responsive gene expression, highlighting its relevance in cardiovascular disease and cancer prevention^[11]. Collectively, RUNX1 serves as a central transcriptional hub connecting developmental, inflammatory, and pathological processes, making it a critical focus for both mechanistic studies and therapeutic exploration.