Hippocastanaceae

Escin, a natural compound of triterpenoid saponins that can be isolated from horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) seeds, can be used as a vasoprotective anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous and anti-nociceptive agent.

Methyldopa (L-(-)-α-Methyldopa), a potent antihyoertensive agent, is an alpha-adrenergic agonist (selective for α2-adrenergic receptors). Methyldopa is a proagent and is metabolized (α-Methylepinephrine) in the central nervous system.

Sodium aescinate is a triterpene saponin derived from Aesculus hippocastanum seeds, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Sodium aescinate inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth by targeting CARMA3/NF-κB pathway.

Escin IA is an oral LOXL2 inhibitor and EMT inhibitor, with selectivity for LOXL2-expressing cells. Escin IA suppresses invasion, migration, and metastasis of breast cancer cells, and acts as the primary anti-TNBC metastasis constituent of Aesculus chinensis Bunge fruit saponin fraction. Escin IA can be used for the research of triple-negative breast cancer, acute inflammation, and ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions.

Escin IB is a saponin isolated from skin and the endosperm of seeds of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum). Escin IB shows inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase activity.

Aesculinoside C is an acylated polyhydroxy oleanane-type triterpene saponin that is found in the seeds of Aesculus chinensis.

Aesculioside B is a natural triterpene.

Escin IVf is a natural triterpene.

Isoescin IA is a triterpenoid saponin isolated from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis. Isoescin IA has anti-HIV-1 protease activity.

Indole-3-acetic acid N-β-D-xylopyranoside is a natural alkaloid.

N-(2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-adenosine is a natural alkaloid.

Aesculuside B is a natural product that can be found in Aesculus chinensis?Bunge.

Aescigenin is a triterpenoid saponin compound that can be found in Aesculus hippocastanum. Aescigenin is the main component of sodium β-aescin, a compound that has the functions of reducing tissue edema, improving microcirculation, and anti-inflammation. It can be used in research on Bell's palsy.

Isoaesculioside D (compound 3) is an agent for preventing or ameliorating skin aging. Isoaesculioside D exhibits an excellent effect on the suppression of formation, or the amelioration, of wrinkles on the skin or sagging skin.

21-Angeloyl-protoaescigenin (compound 11) is a glycosidic oleanane-type triterpenoid (BAT) that can be isolated from the acid hydrolysis product (AHP) of the crude extract of Aesculus chinensis seeds. Aesculus-derived triterpenoids (BAT) generally exhibit good antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-Alzheimer's activities. Protoescigenin 21-tiglate has antitumor activity, with IC50 values of 38.2 μM and 33 μM against MCF-7 and HeLa cells, respectively.

Deacetylescin Ia (compound 12) is a deacetylated compound with anti-hyperglycemic effects that can be extracted from the debittered Aesculus and deacetylated at the C-22 position. Deacetylescin Ia (100 mg/kg) can inhibit blood glucose elevation in mouse glucose tolerance tests.

Protoescigenin 21-tiglate (compound 10) is a glycosidic oleanane-type triterpenoid (BAT) that can be isolated from the acid hydrolysis product (AHP) of the crude extract of Aesculus chinensis seeds. Aesculus-derived triterpenoids (BAT) generally exhibit good antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-Alzheimer's activities. However, the antitumor activity of Protoescigenin 21-tiglate is relatively weak, with IC50 values of >80 μM and 80 μM against MCF-7 and HeLa cells, respectively.

Escin IIa, isolated from horse chestnut, the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum L., has positive effects on acute inflammation in animals. Escin IIa has gastroprotections on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats.

Escin IIb, isolated from horse chestnut, the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum L., has positive effects on acute inflammation in animals. Escin IIb showed potent protective effects against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions.

Isoescin Ie is a derivative of Aescine in Aesculi Semen extract.