118399-22-7
Chemical Structure
Nodularin
- CAS 番号: 118399-22-7
- Formula:C41H60N8O10
- Molecular Weight:824.96
IUPAC Name: (5R,6S,9S,12S,13S,16R,Z)-2-ethylidene-9-(3-guanidinopropyl)-12-((1E,3E,5S,6S)-6-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-7-phenylhepta-1,3-dien-1-yl)-1,6,13-trimethyl-3,7,10,14,19-pentaoxo-1,4,8,11,15-pentaazacyclononadecane-5,16-dicarboxylic acid
InChIKey: IXBQSRWSVIBXNC-HSKGSTCASA-N
SMILES: CC(/C=C/[C@@H]([C@@H](C(N[C@H](CCC(N(/C1=C\C)C)=O)C(O)=O)=O)C)NC([C@@H](NC([C@H]([C@@H](NC1=O)C(O)=O)C)=O)CCCNC(N)=N)=O)=C\[C@H](C)[C@@H](OC)CC2=CC=CC=C2
Biological Activity: Nodularin is a hepatotoxin, tumor promoter, and protein phosphatase inhibitor. Nodularin induces apoptosis (apoptosis) in normal cells (including caspase activation, upregulation of Bcl‑XS, and upregulation of BAX/P53), triggers hyperphosphorylation of the MAPK/ERK, mTOR/S6K and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, and induces oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum membrane instability, peroxisome proliferation and increased lysosomal enzyme activity. Nodularin promotes DEN (HY-N7434)-initiated hepatocyte proliferation and adenoma formation, and inhibits proliferation, phagocytosis and chemotaxis of normal lymphocytes, oocyte maturation and vitellogenesis, as well as angiogenesis. Nodularin exhibits hepatotoxicity, reproductive and endocrine toxicity, and embryonic developmental toxicity in various animal models. Nodularin can be used in studies related to liver cancer, hepatotoxicity and reproductive endocrine toxicity[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].
| 製品番号 | 製品名 | 純度 | 製品説明 | Pricing | |||||||||||||||||||
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Nodularin | 99.85% | Nodularin is a hepatotoxin, tumor promoter, and protein phosphatase inhibitor. Nodularin induces apoptosis (apoptosis) in normal cells (including caspase activation, upregulation of Bcl‑XS, and upregulation of BAX/P53), triggers hyperphosphorylation of the MAPK/ERK, mTOR/S6K and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, and induces oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum membrane instability, peroxisome proliferation and increased lysosomal enzyme activity. Nodularin promotes DEN (HY-N7434)-initiated hepatocyte proliferation and adenoma formation, and inhibits proliferation, phagocytosis and chemotaxis of normal lymphocytes, oocyte maturation and vitellogenesis, as well as angiogenesis. Nodularin exhibits hepatotoxicity, reproductive and endocrine toxicity, and embryonic developmental toxicity in various animal models. Nodularin can be used in studies related to liver cancer, hepatotoxicity and reproductive endocrine toxicity. | ||||||||||||||||||||
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- [1]. Song KY, et al. Effect of nodularin on the expression of glutathione S-transferase placental form and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in N-nitrosodiethylamine initiated hepatocarcinogenesis in the male Fischer 344 rat. Carcinogenesis. 1999 Aug;20(8):1541-8. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Lankoff A, et al. Influence of microcystine-YR and nodularin on the activity of some glucosidases in mouse liver. Toxicology. 2000 May 05;146(2-3):177-85. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Biswas C, et al. Toxicological effects of nodularin on the reproductive endocrine system of female zebrafish (Danio rerio). Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2024 Aug;273:107000. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Hjørnevik LV, et al. Nodularin exposure induces SOD1 phosphorylation and disrupts SOD1 co-localization with actin filaments. Toxins. 2012 Dec 14;4(12):1482-99. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Chen G, et al. Nodularin induced oxidative stress contributes to developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 2020 May;194:110444. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Lankoff A, et al. Nodularin-induced genotoxicity following oxidative DNA damage and aneuploidy in HepG2 cells. Toxicology letters. 2006 Jul 14;164(3):239-48. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Ufelmann H, et al. Nodularin-triggered apoptosis and hyperphosphorylation of signaling proteins in cultured rat hepatocytes. Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA. 2015 Feb;29(1):16-26. [Content Brief]
- [8]. Adamski M, et al. Effect of Microcystin-LR, Nodularin, Anatoxin-a, β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine and Domoic Acid on Antioxidant Properties of Glutathione. Life (Basel, Switzerland). 2022 Jan 31;12(2):227. [Content Brief]
- [9]. Rymuszka A, et al. Cytotoxic and immunological responses of fish leukocytes to nodularin exposure in vitro. Journal of applied toxicology : JAT. 2021 Oct;41(10):1660-1672. [Content Brief]
- [10]. Lim IK, et al. Selective left-lobe atrophy by nodularin treatment accompanied by reduced protein phosphatase 1/2A and increased peroxisome proliferation in rat liver. International journal of cancer. 2001 Jan 01;91(1):32-40. [Content Brief]
Keywords
