ATX-II TFA
Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar
ATX-II TFA is a selective sodium channel modulator toxin. ATX-II TFA enhances late sodium current, prevents full sodium channel inactivation, and generates persistent current fractions. ATX-II TFA has pro-arrhythmic effect. ATX-II TFA slows intrinsic heart rate, prolongs QT interval and sinus node recovery time, and causes sinus pauses and arrests. ATX-II TFA can be used for the research of atrial fibrillation, long QT syndrome, and long QT3 syndrome.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.65%
- Formula: C213H323N63O61S6.xC2HF3O2
- Molecular Weight:4934.62 (free acid)
-
Storage:
Sealed storage, away from moisture and light.
Powder -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
-
Biological Activity
-
Chemical Information
-
Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
-
Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) ATX-II TFA
More
Biological Activity
ATX-II (5 nM; 1.5 min post-application) TFA enhances tetrodotoxin sensitive resurgent and persistent sodium currents in large diameter mouse DRG neurons at both 22°C and 30°C, and shifts the voltage dependence of activation and steady-state fast inactivation of TTXS sodium channels to more hyperpolarized potentials[3].
ATX-II (5 nM) TFA enhances resurgent and persistent sodium currents in Nav1.7-expressing HEK293 cells when the β4-subunit C-terminus peptide is present in the pipette solution, shifts Nav1.7 activation to more depolarized potentials, and prolongs the slow time constant of Nav1.7 current decay[3].
ATX-II (5 nM) TFA enhances resurgent and persistent sodium currents in Nav1.6-expressing N1E115 cells when the β4-subunit C-terminus peptide is present in the pipette solution, shifts Nav1.6 activation to more hyperpolarized potentials, reduces the fractional amplitude of the fast component of current decay, and prolongs the slow time constant of Nav1.6 current decay[3].
ATX-II (8.8-50 nM; 30 min) TFA concentration-dependently increases diastolic tension and arrhythmia score in isolated rat right atrial tissue with IC50 values of 8.8 nM and 22.4 nM, respectively[4].
ATX-II (50 nM) TFA significantly increases diastolic intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in isolated rat atrial myocytes[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
-
Appearance Solid
-
Molecular Weight 4934.62 (free acid)
-
Formula C213H323N63O61S6.xC2HF3O2
-
Color White to off-white
-
Sequence
Gly-Val-Pro-Cys-Leu-Cys-Asp-Ser-Asp-Gly-Pro-Ser-Val-Arg-Gly-Asn-Thr-Leu-Ser-Gly-Ile-Ile-Trp-Leu-Ala-Gly-Cys-Pro-Ser-Gly-Trp-His-Asn-Cys-Lys-Lys-His-Gly-Pro-Thr-Ile-Gly-Trp-Cys-Cys-Lys-Gln (Disulfide bonds: Cys4-Cys44, Cys6-Cys34, Cys27-Cys45)
-
Sequence Shortening
GVPCLCDSDGPSVRGNTLSGIIWLAGCPSGWHNCKKHGPTIGWCCKQ (Disulfide bonds: Cys4-Cys44, Cys6-Cys34, Cys27-Cys45)
-
Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
-
Storage
Sealed storage, away from moisture and light
Powder -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (1)
-
Journal Impact Factor
-
Most Recent
-
Adv Healthc Mater
2025 Sep 15:e02975. PMID: 40954980
Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 100 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL; Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
-
-
-
-
Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Purity & Documentation
-
Data Sheet (301 KB)
-
SDS (252 KB)
- English - EN (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
-
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Lu YY, et al. ATX-II-induced pulmonary vein arrhythmogenesis related to atrial fibrillation and long QT syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest. 2012;42(8):823-831. [Content Brief]
[2]. Wu J, et al. Sinus node dysfunction in ATX-II-induced in-vitro murine model of long QT3 syndrome and rescue effect of ranolazine. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2008;98(2-3):198-207. [Content Brief]
[3]. Klinger AB, et al. Sea-anemone toxin ATX-II elicits A-fiber-dependent pain and enhances resurgent and persistent sodium currents in large sensory neurons. Mol Pain. 2012;8:69. Published 2012 Sep 15. [Content Brief]
[4]. Liang F, et al. Inhibitions of late INa and CaMKII act synergistically to prevent ATX-II-induced atrial fibrillation in isolated rat right atria. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2016 May;94:122-130. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Powered by Bioz