BMP-3B/GDF10

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3 (BMP-3) is a ligand protein with pleiotropic, belongs to TGFβ family. BMP-3 is a major component of osteogenin, which has osteogenic activity[1]. BMP-3 is widely found in different animals, while the sequence in human is lowly similar to Rat (81.94%), and mouse (80.86%). BMP-3 particularly serves as a reliable biomarker for screening colorectal cancer (CRC) because BMP-3 is hypermethylated and its protein expression is significantly reduced in cancer cell lines[2]. BMP-3 also plays a suppressor role in carcinogenesis, suppresses colon tumorigenesis via ActRIIB/SMAD2-dependent and TAK1/JNK signaling pathways[2]. BMP-3 could exert two-way regulatory effects on activin signaling in distinct cell types. BMP-3 stimulates proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells which could be blocked by TGF-β/activin receptor kinase inhibitors[3]. BMP/TGFβ signaling to involve in vascular and valvular homeostasis, which is a critical process of embryonic development[4]. And the signaling can be terminated by inhibitory SMADs including SMAD6 and SMAD7, which are activated and induced by BMP signaling and switch off BMP signaling via multiple mechanisms[5].