BMP-3B/GDF10
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3 (BMP-3) is a ligand protein with pleiotropic, belongs to TGFβ family. BMP-3 is a major component of osteogenin, which has osteogenic activity[1]. BMP-3 is widely found in different animals, while the sequence in human is lowly similar to Rat (81.94%), and mouse (80.86%). BMP-3 particularly serves as a reliable biomarker for screening colorectal cancer (CRC) because BMP-3 is hypermethylated and its protein expression is significantly reduced in cancer cell lines[2]. BMP-3 also plays a suppressor role in carcinogenesis, suppresses colon tumorigenesis via ActRIIB/SMAD2-dependent and TAK1/JNK signaling pathways[2]. BMP-3 could exert two-way regulatory effects on activin signaling in distinct cell types. BMP-3 stimulates proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells which could be blocked by TGF-β/activin receptor kinase inhibitors[3]. BMP/TGFβ signaling to involve in vascular and valvular homeostasis, which is a critical process of embryonic development[4]. And the signaling can be terminated by inhibitory SMADs including SMAD6 and SMAD7, which are activated and induced by BMP signaling and switch off BMP signaling via multiple mechanisms[5].
- [1]. Bahamonde ME, et al. BMP-3: to be or not to be a BMP. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83-A Suppl 1(Pt 1):S56-62. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Wen J, et al. BMP-3 suppresses colon tumorigenesis via ActRIIB/SMAD2-dependent and TAK1/JNK signaling pathways. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Oct 28;38(1):428. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Stewart A, et al. BMP-3 promotes mesenchymal stem cell proliferation through the TGF-beta/activin signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol. 2010 Jun;223(3):658-66. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Yang P, et al. The role of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in vascular calcification. Bone. 2020 Dec;141:115542. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Miyazawa K, et al. Regulation of TGF-β Family Signaling by Inhibitory Smads. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2017 Mar 1;9(3):a022095. [Content Brief]