Synthesis and biological evaluation of diarylthiazole derivatives as antimitotic and antivascular agents with potent antitumor activity

By switching position of the N and S atom in the thiazole ring which were similar to the previously reported agent 5-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-amine, a series of 4,5-diarylthiazole derivatives were synthesized using Friedel-Crafts reaction based on chemical modification of Combrestatatin A-4 (CA-4). Their antiproliferative activities were evaluated and identified as new microtubule destabilizing agents. Structure-activity relationship study indicated that compound 8a with 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group at the C-4 position and 4-ethoxyphenyl group at the C-5 position of 2-amino substituted thiazole was of the most potent inhibitory activity in this series. 8a was found to exhibit the IC50 values of 8.4-26.4nM in five human Cancer cell lines, with comparable inhibition effects to CA-4. Moreover, 8a showed potency as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, with colchicine site binding ability and comparable extent of inhibition against the growth of P-glycoprotein over-expressing multidrug resistant cell lines. Mechanism studies revealed that 8a could block the progression of cell cycle in the G2/M phase and result in cellular Apoptosis in Cancer cells. As a new tubulin destabilizing agent, 8a was also found high antivascular activity as it concentration-dependently reduced the cell migration and disrupted capillary like tube formation of HUVEC cells. Furthermore, 8a significantly suppressed the tumor growth in HCT116 and SK-OV-3 xenograft models with tumor growth inhibitory rate of 55.12% and 72.7%, respectively. Our studies highlighted that 8a was a promising microtubule targeting antitumor agent.