Levulinic Acid Biorefineries: New Challenges for Efficient Utilization of Biomass

  • ChemSusChem. 2016 Mar 21;9(6):562-82. doi: 10.1002/cssc.201501405.
Filoklis D Pileidis  1 ,  Maria-Magdalena Titirici  2
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E58 HA, UK.
  • 2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E58 HA, UK. [email protected].
PMID: 26847212 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201501405
Abstract

Levulinic acid is a sustainable platform molecule that can be upgraded to valuable chemicals and fuel additives. This article focuses on the catalytic upgrading of levulinic acid into various chemicals such as levulinate esters, δ-aminolevulinic acid, succinic acid, diphenolic acid, γ-valerolactone, and γ-valerolactone derivatives such valeric esters, 5-nonanone, α-methylene-γ valerolactone, and Other various molecular-weight alkanes (C9 and C18-C27 olefins).

Keywords
biomass; biorefineries; energy conversion; nanotechnology; platform chemicals.
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