Crocus sativus Linn.

Crocetin dialdehyde is a non-volatile apocarotenoid obtained by the action of the plastidic enzyme CCD2 over the carotenoid zeaxanthin in saffron. Crocetin dialdehyde can be converted into Crocetin (HY-N2072) by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs). Crocetin dialdehyde has no effect on the liver in mice.

Phorone (Diisopropylidene acetone) is a glutathione (GSH) depletor. Phorone specifically and reversibly depletes free GSH through enzymatic binding (Glutathione S-transferase) (K_m = 0.9 mM). Phorone reversibly reduces the binding and nuclear uptake of glucocorticoid receptors in rat liver, and this effect is related to the temporal changes in GSH levels. Phorone can be used for studying liver toxicity.

Crocin-4, a carotenoid constituent of saffron, is a potent and brain-penetrant antioxidant agent. Crocin-4 can inhibit the aggregation and the concomitant deposition of Aβ fibrils in the brain. Crocin-4 can be used for the research of Alzheimer's Disease. Crocin-4 also exhibits antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities.

Crocus sativus polysaccharide is a polysaccharide derived from Crocus sativus.

Crocus sativus extract is an extract isolated fromCrocus sativus.

2,3-Dihydro-3-methylfuran is a melanin-like metabolite produced by the processing of licorice.

Goodyeroside A is a glycoside compound derived from the plant Goodyera that exhibits significant hepatoprotective activity. It can inhibit liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (HY-Y0298) in primary cultured rat hepatocytes.