126595-07-1
Chemical Structure
Propagermanium
- CAS No.: 126595-07-1
- Formula:(C6H10Ge2O7)x
- Molecular Weight:N/A
SMILES: O=[Ge](CCC(O)=O)O[Ge](CCC(O)=O)=O.[n]
Biological Activity: Propagermanium is an orally active and selective CCR2 inhibitor. Propagermanium enhances IFN-γ, IL-2, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, and unspecified cytokine production, and induces mature cytolytic NK cell subsets. Propagermanium reduces HBe antigen and HBV DNA polymerase levels, promotes HBV clearance and lowers serum ALT. Propagermanium downregulates STAT1, inhibits pro-inflammatory microglia polarization, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and monocyte/macrophage infiltration. Propagermanium can be used for the research of chronic hepatitis B, atherosclerosis, breast cancer, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, insulin resistance, refractory gastric cancer, multiple myeloma, type 2 diabetes[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].
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Propagermanium | Propagermanium is an orally active and selective CCR2 inhibitor. Propagermanium enhances IFN-γ, IL-2, 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase, and unspecified cytokine production, and induces mature cytolytic NK cell subsets. Propagermanium reduces HBe antigen and HBV DNA polymerase levels, promotes HBV clearance and lowers serum ALT. Propagermanium downregulates STAT1, inhibits pro-inflammatory microglia polarization, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and monocyte/macrophage infiltration. Propagermanium can be used for the research of chronic hepatitis B, atherosclerosis, breast cancer, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, insulin resistance, refractory gastric cancer, multiple myeloma, type 2 diabetes. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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- [1]. Hirayama C, et al. Propagermanium: a nonspecific immune modulator for chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol. 2003;38(6):525-532. [Content Brief]
- [2]. He S, et al. Propagermanium, a CCR2 inhibitor, attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibiting inflammatory response induced by microglia. Neurochem Int. 2019;125:99-110. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Yokochi S, et al. An anti-inflammatory drug, propagermanium, may target GPI-anchored proteins associated with an MCP-1 receptor, CCR2. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2001;21(6):389-398. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Inci OK, et al. Combined treatment of Ketogenic diet and propagermanium reduces neuroinflammation in Tay-Sachs disease mouse model. Metab Brain Dis. 2025;40(3):133. Published 2025 Feb 28. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Yamashita T, et al. Propagermanium reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice via inhibition of macrophage infiltration. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002;22(6):969-974. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Eto Y, et al. Long-term treatment with propagermanium suppresses atherosclerosis in WHHL rabbits. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2003;41(2):171-177. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Masuda T, et al. Phase I dose-escalation trial to repurpose propagermanium, an oral CCL2 inhibitor, in patients with breast cancer. Cancer Sci. 2020;111(3):924-931. [Content Brief]
- [8]. Mulder P, et al. The CCR2 Inhibitor Propagermanium Attenuates Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance, Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0169740. Published 2017 Jan 11. [Content Brief]
- [9]. Kikuchi S, et al. Propagermanium Induces NK Cell Maturation and Tends to Prolong Overall Survival of Patients With Refractory Cancer. Anticancer Res. 2019;39(9):4687-4698. [Content Brief]
- [10]. Asano K, et al. Influence of propagermanium (SK-818) on chemically induced renal lesions in rats. J Toxicol Sci. 1994;19 Suppl 2:131-143. [Content Brief]
- [11]. Tsutsumi Y, et al. Effectiveness of propagermanium treatment in multiple myeloma patients. Eur J Haematol. 2004;73(6):397-401. [Content Brief]
- [12]. Azul L, et al. Propagermanium as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Endothelial Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(15):8328. Published 2024 Jul 30. [Content Brief]
- [13]. Yokochi S, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of propagermanium on Corynebacterium parvum and lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice. Scand J Immunol. 1998;48(2):183-191. [Content Brief]
Keywords
