EIDD-1931
Based on 41 publication(s) in Google Scholar
EIDD-1931 (Beta-d-N4-hydroxycytidine; NHC) is a novel nucleoside analog and behaves as a potent anti-virus agent. EIDD-1931 effectively inhibits the replication activity of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV).
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.98%
- CAS No.: 3258-02-4
- Formula: C9H13N3O6
- Molecular Weight:259.22
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years
* The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) EIDD-1931
More- Nat Cell Biol. 2023 Aug;25(8):1223-1234. [Abstract]
- Nucleic Acids Res. 2021 Jan 8;49(D1):D1113-D1121. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Med. 2026 Mar 9:102646. [Abstract]
- Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2024 Oct 15;121(42):e2409166121. [Abstract]
- ACS Sens. 2022 May 27;7(5):1564-1571. [Abstract]
- J Med Chem. 2025 Jul 24;68(14):14514-14536. [Abstract]
- Stem Cell Reports. 2023 Jun 13;18(6):1308-1324. [Abstract]
- PLoS Pathog. 2026 May 29;22(5):e1014225. [Abstract]
- Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025 Oct 16;18(10):1560. [Abstract]
- J Med Virol. 2025 Jul;97(7):e70488. [Abstract]
- Microorganisms. 2021 Mar 31;9(4):734. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2024 Aug 17;27(9):110729. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2023 Oct 4;26(11):108147. [Abstract]
- Drug Metab Dispos. 2026 Mar 25.
- Antiviral Res. 2024 Sep 19:106008. [Abstract]
- Antiviral Res. 2024 Jan:221:105769. [Abstract]
- Antiviral Res. 2023 Jun:214:105619. [Abstract]
- ACS Infect Dis. 2025 Oct 30. [Abstract]
- J Antimicrob Chemother. 2025 Oct 3;80(10):2807-2813. [Abstract]
- J Antimicrob Chemother. 2023 Apr 3;78(4):946-952. [Abstract]
- Viruses. 2022 Nov 1;14(11):2429. [Abstract]
- Viruses. 2022 Jun 23;14(7):1369. [Abstract]
- Pathogens. 2025 Jul 7;14(7):666. [Abstract]
- Virology. 2025 Oct:611:110642. [Abstract]
- COVID. 2022 Nov;2(11):1551-1563. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jun 10.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Jan 13.
- NAR Mol Med. 2025 Dec 3;3(1):ugaf041. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2025 Oct 8.
- NAR Mol Med. 2025 Aug 11;2(3):ugaf029. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2025 May 14.
- Patent. US20250123269A1.
- bioRxiv. 2025 March 10.
- bioRxiv. 2025 February 28.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Sep 26:2024.09.26.615217. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2024 Jan 23.
- Preprints. 2024 Jan 3.
- Utah State University. 2023 Dec.
- Preprints. 2022, 2022050381.
- bioRxiv. January 03, 2022.
- Res Sq. 2020 Oct 8:rs.3.rs-86289. [Abstract]
All Topoisomerase Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BHK-21 | CC50 |
5.75 μM
Compound: 1; NHC
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Cytotoxicity against hamster BHK-21 cells incubated for 4 days by MTS assay
Cytotoxicity against hamster BHK-21 cells incubated for 4 days by MTS assay
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[PMID: 36764470] |
| HEK-293T | CC50 |
>50000 nM
Compound: NHC
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Cytotoxicity against HEK293T cells transfected with ACE2 and TMPRSS2 assessed as reduction in cell viability
Cytotoxicity against HEK293T cells transfected with ACE2 and TMPRSS2 assessed as reduction in cell viability
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[PMID: 36229406] |
| MDCK | CC50 |
>100 μM
Compound: 1; NHC
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Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured for 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured for 48 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 36764470] |
| MRC5 | CC50 |
95.48 μM
Compound: NHC
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Cytotoxicity against human MRC-5 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability
Cytotoxicity against human MRC-5 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability
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[PMID: 37591319] |
| Vero | CC50 |
>100 μM
Compound: NHC
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Cytotoxicity in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 5 days by resazurin dye based assay
Cytotoxicity in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 5 days by resazurin dye based assay
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[PMID: 33894564] |
| Vero | CC50 |
16.5 μM
Compound: 1; NHC
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Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 36764470] |
| Vero C1008 | CC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 25; NHC, EIDD-1931
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Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells infected with SARS CoV-2 clinical isolate 2019-nCoV/USA-WA1/2020 incubated for 48 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay
Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells infected with SARS CoV-2 clinical isolate 2019-nCoV/USA-WA1/2020 incubated for 48 hrs by CellTiter-Glo assay
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[PMID: 33186044] |
| Vero C1008 | CC50 |
>50000 nM
Compound: NHC
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Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells transfected with TMPRSS2 assessed as reduction in cell viability
Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero E6 cells transfected with TMPRSS2 assessed as reduction in cell viability
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[PMID: 36229406] |
Beta-d-N4-hydroxycytidine is an anti-VEEV (venezuelan equine encephalitis virus) agent with EC50, EC90, and EC99 are 0.426, 1.036, and 2.5 μM, respectively[1].Beta-d-N4-hydroxycytidine inhibits CHIKV replicon activity and the 50% effective concentration (EC50) s 0.8 μM in the Huh-7-CHIKV replicon cell line. Similar results is presented with the replicon in BHK-21 cells (EC50=1.8 μM)[2]. NHC has no cytotoxicity for NHC in the Huh-7 cell culture system until up to 100 μM using MTT assays. The 50% cytotoxic concentration (CCsub>50) values for NHC are determined to be 30.6 μM, 7.7 μM, and 2.5 μM in peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM), Vero, and CEM cells, respectively[2].NHC behaves as a pyrimidine analog, NHC-mediated inhibition of the CHIKV replicon can be abrogated by the addition of exogenous nucleosides, such as pyrimidines C and U, but dA, dC, dG, dU, or T has no impact on the replicon. Pyrimidines A and G contributes to replicon inhibition both in the presence and in the absence of NHC[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 3258-02-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 259.22
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Formula C9H13N3O6
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
O=C(N/1)N([C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)C=CC1=N/O
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Synonyms
β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine; NHC
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years * The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
Publications (41)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nat Cell Biol
A placental model of SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals ACE2-dependent susceptibility and differentiation impairment in syncytiotrophoblasts. [Abstract]2023 Aug;25(8):1223-1234. PMID: 37443288 -
Nucleic Acids Res
COVID19 Drug Repository: text-mining the literature in search of putative COVID19 therapeutics. [Abstract]2021 Jan 8;49(D1):D1113-D1121. PMID: 33166390 -
Cell Rep Med
Human liver-derived organoids recapitulate Oropouche virus infection and manifestation, enabling antiviral drug discovery. [Abstract]2026 Mar 9:102646. PMID: 41806841 -
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
Identification of a cell-active chikungunya virus nsP2 protease inhibitor using a covalent fragment-based screening approach. [Abstract]2024 Oct 15;121(42):e2409166121. PMID: 39388272 -
ACS Sens
2022 May 27;7(5):1564-1571. PMID: 35427117 -
J Med Chem
2025 Jul 24;68(14):14514-14536. PMID: 40634283 -
Stem Cell Reports
Parallel use of human stem cell lung and heart models provide insights for SARS-CoV-2 treatment. [Abstract]2023 Jun 13;18(6):1308-1324. PMID: 37315523 -
PLoS Pathog
2026 May 29;22(5):e1014225. PMID: 42213735 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
New Assay Systems to Characterize the Broad-Spectrum Antiherpesviral and Non-Herpesviral Activity of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK) 8 Inhibitors. [Abstract]2025 Oct 16;18(10):1560. PMID: 41155676 -
J Med Virol
In Vitro Synergistic Antiviral Effects of β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine and Teriflunomide in Combination against a Broad Range of RNA Viruses. [Abstract]2025 Jul;97(7):e70488. PMID: 40600448 -
Microorganisms
Repurposing Drugs for Mayaro Virus: Identification of EIDD-1931, Favipiravir and Suramin as Mayaro Virus Inhibitors. [Abstract]2021 Mar 31;9(4):734. PMID: 33807492 -
iScience
Drug susceptibility and the potential for drug-resistant SARS-CoV-2 emergence in immunocompromised animals. [Abstract]2024 Aug 17;27(9):110729. PMID: 39280602 -
iScience
2023 Oct 4;26(11):108147. PMID: 37876803 -
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Antiviral Res
Orally bioavailable RORγ/DHODH dual host-targeting small molecules with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. [Abstract]2024 Sep 19:106008. PMID: 39306285 -
Antiviral Res
Validation of nuclear receptor RORγ isoform 1 as a novel host-directed antiviral target based on the modulation of cholesterol levels. [Abstract]2024 Jan:221:105769. PMID: 38056603 -
Antiviral Res
Development of a novel minigenome and recombinant VSV expressing Seoul hantavirus glycoprotein-based assays to identify anti-hantavirus therapeutics. [Abstract]2023 Jun:214:105619. PMID: 37142192 -
ACS Infect Dis
Targeting the Rift Valley Fever Virus Polymerase: Resistance Mechanisms and Structural Insights. [Abstract]2025 Oct 30. PMID: 41166549 -
J Antimicrob Chemother
Placental transfer of medications to treat COVID-19, molnupiravir, favipiravir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, in the ex vivo human cotyledon model. [Abstract]2025 Oct 3;80(10):2807-2813. PMID: 40888812 -
J Antimicrob Chemother
Efficacy comparison of 3CL protease inhibitors ensitrelvir and nirmatrelvir against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]2023 Apr 3;78(4):946-952. PMID: 36760083 -
Viruses
An Optimized Bioassay for Screening Combined Anticoronaviral Compounds for Efficacy against Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus with Pharmacokinetic Analyses of GS-441524, Remdesivir, and Molnupiravir in Cats. [Abstract]2022 Nov 1;14(11):2429. PMID: 36366527 -
Viruses
A Newly Engineered A549 Cell Line Expressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2 Is Highly Permissive to SARS-CoV-2, Including the Delta and Omicron Variants. [Abstract]2022 Jun 23;14(7):1369. PMID: 35891350 -
Pathogens
Pharmacokinetics of Molnupiravir in Cats with Naturally Occurring Feline Infectious Peritonitis. [Abstract]2025 Jul 7;14(7):666. PMID: 40732713 -
Virology
The combinatorial activities of oseltamivir and molnupiravir against influenza virus infections in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]2025 Oct:611:110642. PMID: 40730007 -
COVID
2022 Nov;2(11):1551-1563. PMID: 37274537 -
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NAR Mol Med
2025 Dec 3;3(1):ugaf041. PMID: 41509513 -
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NAR Mol Med
Mechanism and spectrum of inhibition of viral polymerases by 2'-deoxy-2'-β-fluoro-4'-azidocytidine or azvudine. [Abstract]2025 Aug 11;2(3):ugaf029. PMID: 40900943 -
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bioRxiv
The coronavirus nsp14 exoribonuclease interface with the cofactor nsp10 is essential for efficient virus replication and enzymatic activity. [Abstract]2024 Sep 26:2024.09.26.615217. PMID: 39386528 -
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Res Sq
2020 Oct 8:rs.3.rs-86289. PMID: 33052329
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (385.77 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : ≥ 25 mg/mL (96.44 mM)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.02 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (8.02 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (604 KB)
- English - EN (604 KB)
- Français - FR (604 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (604 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (604 KB)
- Español - ES (604 KB)
- Swedish - SV (604 KB)
- Italian - IT (604 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (604 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Urakova N, et al. β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine Is a Potent Anti-alphavirus Compound That Induces a High Level of Mutations in the Viral Genome. J Virol. 2018 Jan 17;92(3). pii: e01965-17. [Content Brief]
[2]. Brenda I Hernandez-Santiago, et al. Metabolism of the anti-hepatitis C virus nucleoside beta-D-N4-hydroxycytidine in different liver cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Dec;48(12):4636-42 [Content Brief]
[3]. Maryam Ehteshami, et al. Characterization of β-d- N4-Hydroxycytidine as a Novel Inhibitor of Chikungunya Virus. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 3.8577 mL | 19.2886 mL | 38.5773 mL | 96.4432 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7715 mL | 3.8577 mL | 7.7155 mL | 19.2886 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3858 mL | 1.9289 mL | 3.8577 mL | 9.6443 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2572 mL | 1.2859 mL | 2.5718 mL | 6.4295 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1929 mL | 0.9644 mL | 1.9289 mL | 4.8222 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1543 mL | 0.7715 mL | 1.5431 mL | 3.8577 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1286 mL | 0.6430 mL | 1.2859 mL | 3.2148 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0964 mL | 0.4822 mL | 0.9644 mL | 2.4111 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0772 mL | 0.3858 mL | 0.7715 mL | 1.9289 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0643 mL | 0.3215 mL | 0.6430 mL | 1.6074 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0482 mL | 0.2411 mL | 0.4822 mL | 1.2055 mL | |
| DMSO | 100 mM | 0.0386 mL | 0.1929 mL | 0.3858 mL | 0.9644 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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