Phosphatase Modulator

Rotundic acid is an orally effective triterpenoid with a K_d value of 51.3 µM for PTP1B. Rotundic acid downregulates the AKT/mTOR pro-survival pathway and modulates the MAPK pathway. Rotundic acid induces cell cycle S-phase arrest, DNA damage and apoptosis; it inhibits migration, invasion, angiogenesis and proliferation of cancer cells. Rotundic acid improves leptin sensitivity, regulates gut microbiota and reduces cellular senescence. Rotundic acid can be used in research related to hepatocellular carcinoma, obesity, aging, acute lung injury and type 2 diabetes.

Losulazine is an orally active antihypertensive agent. Losulazine modulates acid phosphatase, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Losulazine can be used for the research of hypertension.

Sipuleucel-T is a cancer vaccine. Sipuleucel-T recognizes prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), present PAP antigens, and stimulates the immune response against prostate cancer cells.

MKP5 modulator-1 (Page 14) is a MKP5 modulator with an IC₅₀ of 2.46 μM. MKP5 modulator-1 can be used for the research of fibrotic diseases.