Interleukin-22 ameliorates alcohol-associated liver fibrosis via Nrf2-ARE signaling: mechanistic insights and clinical correlations

  • Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2025 May 29;49(7):102617. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2025.102617.
Xiaojuan Xu  1 ,  Heping Zhao  2 ,  Jie Zhang  2 ,  Hongyou Yan  3 ,  Xing Liu  3 ,  Junyan Huo  3 ,  Lijuan Huo  4
Affiliations
  • 1. Gastroenterology Department, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
  • 2. Gastroenterology Department, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
  • 3. Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
  • 4. Gastroenterology Department, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China. Electronic address: [email protected].
PMID: 40449584 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2025.102617
Abstract

Background & aims: Alcohol-associated liver fibrosis (ALF) is a key, potentially reversible stage leading to alcohol-associated liver cirrhosis, but effective treatments are lacking. This study explored whether interleukin (IL)-22, a hepatocyte survival factor, plays an anti-fibrotic role in ALF by modulating the Nrf2-ARE antioxidant pathway.

Methods: IL-22 and Nrf2-ARE inhibitor, ML385, were administered to rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) exposed to acetaldehyde. Cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and Nrf2-ARE activation were investigated. An ALF mouse model was used to evaluate the effects of IL-22 and ML385 on liver function, fibrosis, and Nrf2-ARE pathway activation. The expression of IL-22 and Nrf2-ARE pathway in ALF/cirrhosis patients was also examined, along with correlations to liver function and liver fibrosis degree.

Results: In vitro, IL-22 upregulated the Nrf2-ARE pathway, and inhibited acetaldehyde-induced HSC proliferation and activation. In ALF mice, IL-22 promoted Nrf2-ARE pathway activation, reduced oxidative stress levels and serum transaminases, and ameliorated fibrosis. The ALF patients showed increased expression of IL-22, IL-22R1, and Nrf2-ARE pathway, positively correlating with the Child-Pugh score and fibrosis severity, suggesting a compensatory response.

Conclusions: IL-22 alleviates ALF by activating the Nrf2 antioxidant stress pathway, and may offer a promising therapeutic option for ALF/cirrhosis patients.

Keywords
Alcohol-associated liver disease; Alcohol-associated liver fibrosis; Hepatic stellate cells; Interleukin-22; Nrf2-ARE pathway; Oxidative stress.
Products