lysosomal viscosity

meso-Benzothiazole-BODIPY 505/515 is a boron dipyrromethenes (BODIPY) -based fluorescent probeviscosity-responsive and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties. meso-Benzothiazole-BODIPY 505/515 can monitor cellular viscosity changes and autophagy. meso-Benzothiazole-BODIPY 505/515 can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s diseases, lysosomal storage diseases and neural degeneration diseases .

LysoAIE2 is a Fluorescent probe for lysosomal viscosity detection and live-cell imaging. Its detection mechanism relies on the aggregation-induced emission effect: it exhibits only weak fluorescence in non-viscous media; in viscous environments, restricted intramolecular motion inhibits non-radiative energy dissipation pathways, thereby significantly enhancing fluorescence intensity. It achieves specific targeting of lysosomes through the proton acceptor property of its indole ring structure, while its hydroxyl group endows it with excellent water solubility. This probe is basically unaffected by microenvironmental polarity and pH within the range of pH 4.0 to pH 8.0, which avoids interference from these factors in viscosity measurement. LysoAIE2 has an emission wavelength of 570 nm. It can be used to monitor lysosomal viscosity changes during processes such as Dexamethasone (HY-14648)-induced lysosomal migration and starvation-induced mitophagy in live cells; at concentrations up to 40 μM, cell viability remains above 80%, demonstrating excellent biocompatibility .

Lys-VBOD is a Fluorescent probe for lysosomal viscosity monitoring and live cell imaging. Its detection mechanism depends on viscosity: increased viscosity restricts the twisting of the double bond between the indole and BODIPY fluorophore, as well as the rotation of the single bond between quinoline and BODIPY, which reduces non-radiative decay and leads to enhanced fluorescence intensity in high viscosity environments; it also features a morpholine group that provides lysosome-targeting properties, allowing it to localize to lysosomes for viscosity detection. The probe has excitation/emission wavelengths of Ex/Em = 602/637 nm, and its fluorescence intensity shows a good linear relationship with log-transformed viscosity values. Lys-VBOD is stable across a wide pH range of 5.35 to 10.74, is not affected by macromolecules and proteins like BSA, has a fluorescence lifetime that increases with viscosity, and can visualize real-time lysosomal viscosity changes in live cells under Dexamethasone (HY-14648) stimulation[1].

Mito‑VR2 is a mitochondria-targeted molecular rotor-type viscosity fluorescent probe with high responsiveness to microenvironmental viscosity, which is suitable for synchronous imaging of mitochondrial viscosity during autophagy in living cells. Mito-VR2 achieves specific targeting of mitochondria through its hydrophobic cationic structure, and its fluorescence intensity responds only to microenvironmental viscosity. Mito-VR2 emits almost no fluorescence in low-viscosity media, but its fluorescence emission is significantly enhanced in high-viscosity environments .