CH-223191
Based on 114 publication(s) in Google Scholar
CH-223191 is a potent and specific antagonist of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). CH-223191 inhibits TCDD-mediated nuclear translocation and DNA binding of AhR, and inhibits TCDD-induced luciferase activity with an IC50 of 0.03 μM.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.82%
- CAS No.: 301326-22-7
- Formula: C19H19N5O
- Molecular Weight:333.39
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years
* The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) CH-223191
More- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024 Dec 18;9(1):352. [Abstract]
- Cell Metab. 2024 Mar 5;36(3):466-483.e7. [Abstract]
- Gut. 2023 Nov 24;72(12):2272-2285. [Abstract]
- Nat Metab. 2023 Feb;5(2):331-348. [Abstract]
- Nat Microbiol. 2023 May;8(5):919-933. [Abstract]
- ACS Nano. 2025 Nov 4;19(43):37758-37782. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Mar 19;16(1):2651. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2024 Feb 13;15(1):1333. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharm Sin B. 2024 Apr;14(4):1677-1692. [Abstract]
- J Adv Res. 2025 Nov 5:S2090-1232(25)00874-4. [Abstract]
- J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2023 Mar 1;42(1):52. [Abstract]
- Microbiome. 2023 Nov 7;11(1):245. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2024 Nov 11;22(1):697. [Abstract]
- Environ Sci Technol. 2025 Sep 2;59(34):18306-18319. [Abstract]
- J Hazard Mater. 2025 Sep 5:495:139145. [Abstract]
- J Hazard Mater. 2025 Jan 3:486:137110. [Abstract]
- J Hazard Mater. 2024 May 8:473:134560. [Abstract]
- Environ Sci Technol. 2024 Mar 19;58(11):4914-4925. [Abstract]
- J Hazard Mater. 2023 Sep 5:457:131749. [Abstract]
- J Hazard Mater. 2023 Jun 15:452:131262. [Abstract]
- Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Jun 21;56(12):8438-8448. [Abstract]
- J Hazard Mater. 2020 Mar 5;385:121521. [Abstract]
- Gut Microbes. 2026 Dec 31;18(1):2630561. [Abstract]
- Gut Microbes. 2026 Dec 31;18(1):2612620. [Abstract]
- Gut Microbes. 2025 Dec;17(1):2508949. [Abstract]
- Gut Microbes. 2024 Jan-Dec;16(1):2377576. [Abstract]
- EBioMedicine. 2025 May 12:116:105743. [Abstract]
- EBioMedicine. 2021 Feb:64:103227. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Med. 2026 Apr 21;7(4):102721. [Abstract]
- J Immunother Cancer. 2025 May 30;13(5):e011398. [Abstract]
- Pharmacol Res. 2024 May 21:205:107229. [Abstract]
- Mater Today Bio. 2021 Dec 4:13:100170. [Abstract]
- Environ Int. 2026 Feb:208:110128. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2019 Jan 15;10(2):38. [Abstract]
- Genome Biol. 2024 Mar 4;25(1):64. [Abstract]
- NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2025 Dec 30. [Abstract]
- NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes. 2024 Sep 3;10(1):79. [Abstract]
- J Pharm Anal. 2026 Mar 19.
- Cell Commun Signal. 2024 Jan 10;22(1):28. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2026 Jun:155:158089. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Feb 2:139:156445. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2024 Jun:128:155425. [Abstract]
- EMBO Mol Med. 2023 Jun 7;15(6):e17014. [Abstract]
- BMC Med. 2022 Oct 19;20(1):365. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2021 Nov:92:153751. [Abstract]
- Chemosphere. 2019 Feb:216:372-378. [Abstract]
- Food Res Int. 2026 Feb 17.
- Sci Total Environ. 2025 Dec 1:1009:181061. [Abstract]
- Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jan 1:906:167636. [Abstract]
- Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 1;832:155027. [Abstract]
- Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 1;719:135097. [Abstract]
- Br J Pharmacol. 2025 Aug 10. [Abstract]
- Clin Sci. 2023 Nov 29;137(22):1753-1769. [Abstract]
- Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Aug;88:471-481. [Abstract]
- J Transl Med. 2023 Feb 2;21(1):71. [Abstract]
- Environ Pollut. 2026 Jun 1:398:128010. [Abstract]
- Environ Pollut. 2025 Jun 16:126684. [Abstract]
- Environ Pollut. 2024 Mar 15:345:123467. [Abstract]
- Cell Chem Biol. 2026 Jan 15;33(1):91-101.e12. [Abstract]
- Journal of Future Foods. 2025 Nov 7.
- Cell Death Discov. 2026 Jan 9;12(1):16. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Dec 10;44(12):116673. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Aug 12;44(8):116132. [Abstract]
- Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Jun 28;13(7):786. [Abstract]
- J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2026 Mar 17;17(1):50. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Life Sci. 2025 Nov 6;82(1):388. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Aug 28;72(34):18930-18941. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2026 Mar 1:312:119956. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2020 Feb;189:109937. [Abstract]
- Psoriasis (Auckl). 2026 Mar 27:16:585731. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Jun 6:239:117032. [Abstract]
- Inflamm Res. 2025 Jun 30;74(1):98. [Abstract]
- Chem Biol Interact. 2025 Mar 31:111495. [Abstract]
- Commun Biol. 2026 Jan 23;9(1):281. [Abstract]
- Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2025 Jan 3;74(2):67. [Abstract]
- Transplantation. 2022 Nov 1;106(11):2172-2181. [Abstract]
- J Nutr Biochem. 2023 Nov:121:109436. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 25;21(5):1579. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2026 Jan 24:173:116253. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Apr 24:153:114489. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2023 Feb 5:940:175480. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2021 Dec 5:912:174581. [Abstract]
- Toxicology. 2023 Mar 15:487:153466. [Abstract]
- Toxicology. 2021 Oct:462:152965. [Abstract]
- Toxicology. 2016 Apr 29:355-356:31-8. [Abstract]
- Front Microbiol. 2022 Jul 18:13:934786 [Abstract]
- Cancers (Basel). 2020 Oct 10;12(10):2915. [Abstract]
- Cancers. 2020 Aug 25;12(9):2411. [Abstract]
- Mediators Inflamm. 2026 Feb 3:2026:1141244. [Abstract]
- J Cell Mol Med. 2024 Dec;28(23):e70278. [Abstract]
- Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2024 Mar:106:104393. [Abstract]
- FEBS J. 2023 Feb;290(3):837-854. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2026 Apr 29;29(6):115936. [Abstract]
- J Inflamm Res. 2024 Aug 13:17:5293-5309. [Abstract]
- Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2026 Jun:173:111268. [Abstract]
- Dis Colon Rectum. 2025 Jan 1;68(1):77-90. [Abstract]
- Heliyon. 2023 May 26;9(6):e16649. [Abstract]
- Environ Toxicol. 2017 Oct;32(10):2316-2322. [Abstract]
- Mol Immunol. 2020 Sep;125:178-186. [Abstract]
- Oral Dis. 2025 Jan;31(1):264-277. [Abstract]
- Toxicol Lett. 2024 May 15:396:81-93. [Abstract]
- Toxicol In Vitro. 2025 Jan 27:106014. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2025 Nov 18:2025.11.18.689077. [Abstract]
- Phytomed Plus. 2025 Nov 29.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Aug 01.
- SSRN. 2025 Jul 25.
- Res Sq. 2024 Aug 09.
- SSRN. 2024 Jun 13.
- SSRN. 2024 Jan 9.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Nov 21.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Oct 11.
- Res Sq. 2023 Oct 18:rs.3.rs-3328953. [Abstract]
- Research Square Preprint. 2022 Feb.
- Universitat Politècnica de València. 2021 Sep.
Customer Validation & Images
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WB
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RT-PCR
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RT-PCR
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IF
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
Biological Activity
CH-223191 (0.1-10 μM; pre-treated 1 hour) inhibits TCDD-caused cytochrome P450 1A1 mRNA expression in a in dose-dependent manner[1]. CH-223191 (0.1-10 μM; pre-treated 1 hour) causes a concentration-dependent inhibition of TCDD-induced cytochrome P450 enzyme activity[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:HepG2 cells
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Concentration:0.1-10 μM
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Incubation Time:1 hour
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Result:Caused inhibition of TCDD-induced cytochrome P450 mRNA expression.
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Cell Line:HepG2 cells
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Concentration:0.1-10 μM
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Incubation Time:1 hour
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Result:Decreased TCDD-caused cytochrome P450 1A1 protein Treatment.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Male ICR mice (6 weeks old)[1]
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Dosage:10 mg/kg
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Administration:10 mg/kg; once a day; 25 days
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Result:Prevented TCDD-elicited cytochrome P450 induction, liver toxicity, and wasting syndrome in mice.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 301326-22-7
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 333.39
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Formula C19H19N5O
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Color Yellow to orange
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SMILES
O=C(C1=CC=NN1C)NC2=CC=C(/N=N/C3=CC=CC=C3C)C=C2C
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years * The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
Publications (114)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Signal Transduct Target Ther
Macrophages promote pre-metastatic niche formation of breast cancer through aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity. [Abstract]2024 Dec 18;9(1):352. PMID: 39690159 -
Cell Metab
Psychological stress-induced microbial metabolite indole-3-acetate disrupts intestinal cell lineage commitment. [Abstract]2024 Mar 5;36(3):466-483.e7. PMID: 38266651 -
Gut
Lactobacillus gallinarum-derived metabolites boost anti-PD1 efficacy in colorectal cancer by inhibiting regulatory T cells through modulating IDO1/Kyn/AHR axis. [Abstract]2023 Nov 24;72(12):2272-2285. PMID: 37770127 -
Nat Metab
2023 Feb;5(2):331-348. PMID: 36782071
CH-223191 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Metab. 2023 Feb;5(2):331-348. [Abstract]
CH223191 suppresses GSK3β and Akt phosphorylation in chow-fed mice.
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Nat Microbiol
Microbiota-derived tryptophan catabolites mediate the chemopreventive effects of statins on colorectal cancer. [Abstract]2023 May;8(5):919-933. PMID: 37069401 -
ACS Nano
Oral Multi-Enzymatic Manganese-Carbon Dots Alleviate Sepsis-Associated Lung Injury via the Gut-Lung Axis. [Abstract]2025 Nov 4;19(43):37758-37782. PMID: 41128412 -
Nat Commun
Microbiota-indole-3-propionic acid-heart axis mediates the protection of leflunomide against αPD1-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. [Abstract]2025 Mar 19;16(1):2651. PMID: 40108157 -
Nat Commun
Dubosiella newyorkensis modulates immune tolerance in colitis via the L-lysine-activated AhR-IDO1-Kyn pathway. [Abstract]2024 Feb 13;15(1):1333. PMID: 38351003 -
Acta Pharm Sin B
Eubacterium coprostanoligenes alleviates chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis by enhancing intestinal mucus barrier. [Abstract]2024 Apr;14(4):1677-1692. PMID: 38572095 -
J Adv Res
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibits antigen presentation to promote progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Nov 5:S2090-1232(25)00874-4. PMID: 41203070 -
J Exp Clin Cancer Res
L-kynurenine induces NK cell loss in gastric cancer microenvironment via promoting ferroptosis. [Abstract]2023 Mar 1;42(1):52. PMID: 36855135 -
Microbiome
Microbiota-indole 3-propionic acid-brain axis mediates abnormal synaptic pruning of hippocampal microglia and susceptibility to ASD in IUGR offspring. [Abstract]2023 Nov 7;11(1):245. PMID: 37932832 -
J Nanobiotechnology
Probiotic-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate AFB1-induced intestinal injury by modulating the gut microbiota and AHR activation. [Abstract]2024 Nov 11;22(1):697. PMID: 39529091 -
Environ Sci Technol
Cellular Response to Halobenzoquinone Disinfection Byproducts Mediated by Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis. [Abstract]2025 Sep 2;59(34):18306-18319. PMID: 40768563 -
J Hazard Mater
Long-term low-dose exposure to 9-chlorophenanthrene induces liver lipid accumulation via disrupting circadian rhythm. [Abstract]2025 Sep 5:495:139145. PMID: 40628211 -
J Hazard Mater
Extractable organic matter from PM2.5 inhibits cardiomyocyte differentiation via AHR-mediated m6A RNA methylation. [Abstract]2025 Jan 3:486:137110. PMID: 39778483 -
J Hazard Mater
Benzo[a]pyrene evokes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and pulmonary fibrosis through AhR-mediated Nrf2-p62 signaling. [Abstract]2024 May 8:473:134560. PMID: 38759404 -
Environ Sci Technol
Mixed Metal Components in PM2.5 Contribute to Chemokine Receptor CCR5-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Neuropathological Changes in the Mouse Olfactory Bulb. [Abstract]2024 Mar 19;58(11):4914-4925. PMID: 38436231 -
J Hazard Mater
AHR-mediated m6A RNA methylation contributes to PM2.5-induced cardiac malformations in zebrafish larvae. [Abstract]2023 Sep 5:457:131749. PMID: 37270964 -
J Hazard Mater
Role of macrophage AHR/TLR4/STAT3 signaling axis in the colitis induced by non-canonical AHR ligand aflatoxin B1. [Abstract]2023 Jun 15:452:131262. PMID: 36989784 -
Environ Sci Technol
Perfluorooctane Sulfonamide (PFOSA) Induces Cardiotoxicity via Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation in Zebrafish. [Abstract]2022 Jun 21;56(12):8438-8448. PMID: 35652794 -
J Hazard Mater
AHR-mediated oxidative stress contributes to the cardiac developmental toxicity of trichloroethylene in zebrafish embryos. [Abstract]2020 Mar 5;385:121521. PMID: 31699484 -
Gut Microbes
HLA-B27-associated gut microbiota and amino acid perturbations promote ankylosing spondylitis through M1 macrophage activation. [Abstract]2026 Dec 31;18(1):2630561. PMID: 41698880 -
Gut Microbes
Engineered probiotic-derived indole-3-propionic acid inhibits ubiquitination via AHR signaling to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. [Abstract]2026 Dec 31;18(1):2612620. PMID: 41508814 -
Gut Microbes
2025 Dec;17(1):2508949. PMID: 40409349 -
Gut Microbes
Gut microbiota metabolite indole-3-acetic acid maintains intestinal epithelial homeostasis through mucin sulfation. [Abstract]2024 Jan-Dec;16(1):2377576. PMID: 39068517 -
EBioMedicine
A probiotic approach identifies a Treg-centred immunoregulation via modulation of gut microbiota metabolites in people with multiple sclerosis and healthy individuals. [Abstract]2025 May 12:116:105743. PMID: 40359627 -
EBioMedicine
Urolithin A ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by targeting aryl hydrocarbon receptor. [Abstract]2021 Feb:64:103227. PMID: 33530002 -
Cell Rep Med
Gut-microbiota-derived 3-indoleacrylic acid alleviates neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis by inhibiting epithelial necroptosis. [Abstract]2026 Apr 21;7(4):102721. PMID: 41923629 -
J Immunother Cancer
Neovascular pruning by IDO1 inhibitors can potentiate immunogenic cytotoxicity of ischemia-targeted agents to synergistically enhance anti-PD-1 responsiveness. [Abstract]2025 May 30;13(5):e011398. PMID: 40447318 -
Pharmacol Res
Multi-omics approaches for the understanding of therapeutic mechanism for Huang-Qi-Long-Dan Granule against ischemic stroke. [Abstract]2024 May 21:205:107229. PMID: 38782148 -
Mater Today Bio
Immunologically modified enzyme-responsive micelles regulate the tumor microenvironment for cancer immunotherapy. [Abstract]2021 Dec 4:13:100170. PMID: 34938989 -
Environ Int
Combined effects of ozone and heat on intestinal barrier integrity and epithelial renewal: mediating roles of gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism. [Abstract]2026 Feb:208:110128. PMID: 41687337 -
Cell Death Dis
Tetrandrine enhances the ubiquitination and degradation of Syk through an AhR-c-src-c-Cbl pathway and consequently inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction in arthritis. [Abstract]2019 Jan 15;10(2):38. PMID: 30674869 -
Genome Biol
Early-life ruminal microbiome-derived indole-3-carboxaldehyde and prostaglandin D2 are effective promoters of rumen development. [Abstract]2024 Mar 4;25(1):64. PMID: 38438919 -
NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes
Microbiota-derived indole-3-acetic acid alleviates rumen epithelial barrier dysfunction during the peripartum period through AhR signaling. [Abstract]2025 Dec 30. PMID: 41469521 -
NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes
Natural killer cell effector function is critical for host defense against alcohol-associated bacterial pneumonia. [Abstract]2024 Sep 3;10(1):79. PMID: 39227647 -
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Cell Commun Signal
Bisphenol a downregulates GLUT4 expression by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor to exacerbate polycystic ovary syndrome. [Abstract]2024 Jan 10;22(1):28. PMID: 38200540 -
Phytomedicine
A microbiota-tryptophol-AhR axis mediates the gut-kidney protective effects of Hushen Tongfengtai Granules in hyperuricemic nephropathy. [Abstract]2026 Jun:155:158089. PMID: 41886955 -
Phytomedicine
3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde modulates tryptophan metabolism to activate AhR signaling and alleviate ethanol-induced liver injury. [Abstract]2025 Feb 2:139:156445. PMID: 39922148 -
Phytomedicine
Wogonin improves colitis by activating the AhR pathway to regulate the plasticity of ILC3/ILC1. [Abstract]2024 Jun:128:155425. PMID: 38518634 -
EMBO Mol Med
PM2.5 promotes lung cancer progression through activation of the AhR-TMPRSS2-IL18 pathway. [Abstract]2023 Jun 7;15(6):e17014. PMID: 36975376 -
BMC Med
NUPR1 contributes to radiation resistance by maintaining ROS homeostasis via AhR/CYP signal axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2022 Oct 19;20(1):365. PMID: 36258210 -
Phytomedicine
3'-Oxo-tabernaelegantine A (OTNA) selectively relaxes pulmonary arteries by inhibiting AhR. [Abstract]2021 Nov:92:153751. PMID: 34563984 -
Chemosphere
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates the cardiac developmental toxicity of EOM from PM2.5 in P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. [Abstract]2019 Feb:216:372-378. PMID: 30384306
CH-223191 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Chemosphere. 2019 Feb:216:372-378. [Abstract]
AhR mediates EOM-inhibited cardiac differentiation by downregulating β-catenin expression in P19 cells. mRNA expression changes of β-catenin by Q-PCR. The concentrations of CH (CH223191, AhR antagonist) and CHIR (CHIR99021, Wnt activator) are 0.25 and 0.5 μM respectively.
CH-223191 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Chemosphere. 2019 Feb:216:372-378. [Abstract]
AhR mediates EOM-inhibited cardiac differentiation by downregulating β-catenin expression in P19 cells. Percentage of cTnT positive cells at differentiation day 14. The concentrations of CH (CH223191, AhR antagonist) and CHIR (CHIR99021, Wnt activator) are 0.25 and 0.5 μM respectively.
CH-223191 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Chemosphere. 2019 Feb:216:372-378. [Abstract]
AhR mediates EOM-inhibited cardiac differentiation by downregulating β-catenin expression in P19 cells. Percentage of cTnT positive cells at differentiation day 14. The concentrations of CH (CH223191, AhR antagonist) and CHIR (CHIR99021, Wnt activator) are 0.25 and 0.5 μM respectively.
CH-223191 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Chemosphere. 2019 Feb:216:372-378. [Abstract]
Proliferation of P19 cells exposed to EOM in the presence or absence of CH. Represent images of EdU staining (red) and the quantification results.
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Sci Total Environ
Benzo(a)pyrene induces cardiac hypertrophy via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated DNA damage. [Abstract]2025 Dec 1:1009:181061. PMID: 41330102 -
Sci Total Environ
2024 Jan 1:906:167636. PMID: 37806592 -
Sci Total Environ
Low dose of arsenic exacerbates toxicity to mice and IPEC-J2 cells exposed with deoxynivalenol: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and autophagy might be novel therapeutic targets. [Abstract]2022 Aug 1;832:155027. PMID: 35381244 -
Sci Total Environ
AHR-mediated ROS production contributes to the cardiac developmental toxicity of PM2.5 in zebrafish embryos. [Abstract]2020 Jun 1;719:135097. PMID: 31837856 -
Br J Pharmacol
Bilirubin prevents hyperlipidaemic acute pancreatitis by inhibiting aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated acinar cell pyroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Aug 10. PMID: 40784742 -
Clin Sci
PE (0:0/14:0)an endogenous metabolite of the gut microbiota, exerts protective effects against sepsis-induced intestinal injury by modulating the AhR/CYP1A1 pathway. [Abstract]2023 Nov 29;137(22):1753-1769. PMID: 37921121 -
Brain Behav Immun
Kynurenine regulates NLRP2 inflammasome in astrocytes and its implications in depression. [Abstract]2020 Aug;88:471-481. PMID: 32283293 -
J Transl Med
The soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor TPPU improves comorbidity of chronic pain and depression via the AHR and TSPO signaling. [Abstract]2023 Feb 2;21(1):71. PMID: 36732752 -
Environ Pollut
Dibutyl phthalate exposure-induced AhR activation drives ferroptosis and HMGB1/TLR4-mediated inflammatory liver injury via NRF2-HO-1 signaling. [Abstract]2026 Jun 1:398:128010. PMID: 41887355 -
Environ Pollut
Neburon induced cardiotoxicity in embryonic and adult male zebrafish via over-activation of the Ahr-Notch1 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jun 16:126684. PMID: 40532808 -
Environ Pollut
AHR/cyp1b1 signaling-mediated extrinsic apoptosis contributes to 6PPDQ-induced cardiac dysfunction in zebrafish embryos. [Abstract]2024 Mar 15:345:123467. PMID: 38311157 -
Cell Chem Biol
Identification of aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a functional target that enhances astrocytic ApoE secretion. [Abstract]2026 Jan 15;33(1):91-101.e12. PMID: 41483807 -
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Cell Death Discov
ALDH3A1-dependent Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway supports AHR as a promising therapeutic target for ferroptosis and promotes imperatorin-mediated lung protection. [Abstract]2026 Jan 9;12(1):16. PMID: 41513604 -
Cell Rep
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-induced activation of AIM2 inflammasome is mediated by MOMP and MPT: A vital therapeutic pathway for inflammation. [Abstract]2025 Dec 10;44(12):116673. PMID: 41385364 -
Cell Rep
Bifidobacterium animalis suppresses non-small cell lung cancer progression and modulates tumor immunity through indole-3-acetic acid. [Abstract]2025 Aug 12;44(8):116132. PMID: 40802513 -
Antioxidants (Basel)
2024 Jun 28;13(7):786. PMID: 39061855 -
J Anim Sci Biotechnol
Kynurenine promotes porcine intestinal epithelial cell proliferation by activating the AHR-MST1-YAP1 axis. [Abstract]2026 Mar 17;17(1):50. PMID: 41845541 -
Cell Mol Life Sci
2025 Nov 6;82(1):388. PMID: 41196415 -
J Agric Food Chem
Indole-3-aldehyde Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Gut Barrier Disruption by Increasing Intestinal Stem Cell Expansion. [Abstract]2024 Aug 28;72(34):18930-18941. PMID: 39146439 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
Mechanism of diesel exhaust-induced thyroid inflammatory injury via the AHR-NLRP3 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2026 Mar 1:312:119956. PMID: 41747417 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
ROS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation mediate PCB 118- induced pyroptosis in endothelial cells. [Abstract]2020 Feb;189:109937. PMID: 31785945 -
Psoriasis (Auckl)
Indole-3-Lactic Acid Attenuates IMQ-Induced Psoriasiform Dermatitis in Mice via AhR-Dependent Suppression of IL-17A. [Abstract]2026 Mar 27:16:585731. PMID: 41918778 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Molecular Dissection of the AHR-AREG driven EGFR-ERK1/2-CyclinD1 axis in acquired lenvatinib resistance of Hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Jun 6:239:117032. PMID: 40482839 -
Inflamm Res
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) alleviates the LPS-induced inflammatory responses in IPEC-J2 cells by activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. [Abstract]2025 Jun 30;74(1):98. PMID: 40583101 -
Chem Biol Interact
Fusobacterium nucleatum-derived 3-indolepropionic acid promotes colorectal cancer progression via aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation in macrophages. [Abstract]2025 Mar 31:111495. PMID: 40174685 -
Commun Biol
Gut metabolite indole-3-acetic acid aggravates neuropsychiatric lupus via the AHR/STAT3 pathway in microglia. [Abstract]2026 Jan 23;9(1):281. PMID: 41577835 -
Cancer Immunol Immunother
TDO2 + cancer-associated fibroblasts mediate cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma immune escape via impeding infiltration of CD8 + T cells. [Abstract]2025 Jan 3;74(2):67. PMID: 39751882 -
Transplantation
Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ameliorates Acute Rejection of Rat Liver Transplantation by Regulating Treg Proliferation and PD-1 Expression. [Abstract]2022 Nov 1;106(11):2172-2181. PMID: 35706097 -
J Nutr Biochem
Genistein upregulates AHR to protect against environmental toxin-induced NASH by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reconstructing antioxidant defense mechanisms. [Abstract]2023 Nov:121:109436. PMID: 37666477 -
Int J Mol Sci
Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Activity of Indole-3-Acetic Acid Involves Induction of HO-1 and Neutralization of Free Radicals in RAW264.7 Cells. [Abstract]2020 Feb 25;21(5):1579. PMID: 32106625 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Exogenous dendritic cell-derived exosomes promote Treg differentiation via IDO1-Kyn-AhR axis and improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction. [Abstract]2026 Jan 24:173:116253. PMID: 41581242 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Doxorubicin promotes NK cell dysfunction and induces acute liver injury through kynurenine-AhR axis. [Abstract]2025 Apr 24:153:114489. PMID: 40112597 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Glutamine alleviates intestinal injury in a murine burn sepsis model by maintaining intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte homeostasis. [Abstract]2023 Feb 5:940:175480. PMID: 36566008 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Sinomenine ameliorates septic acute lung injury in mice by modulating gut homeostasis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor/Nrf2 pathway. [Abstract]2021 Dec 5:912:174581. PMID: 34743979 -
Toxicology
PM2.5 induces mitochondrial dysfunction via AHR-mediated cyp1a1 overexpression during zebrafish heart development. [Abstract]2023 Mar 15:487:153466. PMID: 36841371 -
Toxicology
AHR/ROS-mediated mitochondria apoptosis contributes to benzo[a]pyrene-induced heart defects and the protective effects of resveratrol. [Abstract]2021 Oct:462:152965. PMID: 34597721 -
Toxicology
Crosstalk between AhR and wnt/β-catenin signal pathways in the cardiac developmental toxicity of PM2.5 in zebrafish embryos. [Abstract]2016 Apr 29:355-356:31-8. PMID: 27216425
CH-223191 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Toxicology. 2016 Apr 29:355-356:31-8. [Abstract]
Western analysis of β-catenin protein level in zebrafish embryos exposed to EOM in the presence or absence of CH/CHIR (n = 3). Different letters indicate significant differences. Moreover, both CH and CHIR attenuate the EOM-induced changes in the protein level of b-catenin and in EROD activity.
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Front Microbiol
Intestinal Flora-Derived Kynurenic Acid Protects Against Intestinal Damage Caused by Candida albicans Infection via Activation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. [Abstract]2022 Jul 18:13:934786 PMID: 35923391 -
Cancers (Basel)
Indoxylsulfate, a Metabolite of the Microbiome, Has Cytostatic Effects in Breast Cancer via Activation of AHR and PXR Receptors and Induction of Oxidative Stress. [Abstract]2020 Oct 10;12(10):2915. PMID: 33050543 -
Cancers
Indolepropionic Acid, a Metabolite of the Microbiome, Has Cytostatic Properties in Breast Cancer by Activating AHR and PXR Receptors and Inducing Oxidative Stress. [Abstract]2020 Aug 25;12(9):2411. PMID: 32854297 -
Mediators Inflamm
Evaluation of Indigo Naturalis Prepared Using a Novel Method: Anti-Inflammatory Activities Against Colonic Cancer Cell Lines. [Abstract]2026 Feb 3:2026:1141244. PMID: 41640572 -
J Cell Mol Med
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Alleviates Hepatic Fibrosis by Inducing Hepatic Stellate Cell Ferroptosis. [Abstract]2024 Dec;28(23):e70278. PMID: 39654034 -
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol
2024 Mar:106:104393. PMID: 38367920 -
FEBS J
Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes proliferation in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma via AHR/CYP1A1 signalling. [Abstract]2023 Feb;290(3):837-854. PMID: 36070107 -
iScience
Distinct 2-phenylimidazo[1,2- a]pyridine derivatives that inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation identified as AHR ligands. [Abstract]2026 Apr 29;29(6):115936. PMID: 42181287 -
J Inflamm Res
Pretreatment with Indole-3-Propionic Acid Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Inflammation Through the AhR/NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway. [Abstract]2024 Aug 13:17:5293-5309. PMID: 39157586 -
Fish Shellfish Immunol
The AhR/ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation pathway contributes to 6PPDQ-induced intestine-specific injury in zebrafish during embryonic development. [Abstract]2026 Jun:173:111268. PMID: 41819393 -
Dis Colon Rectum
Tryptophan Metabolites Improve Intestinal Mucosal Barrier via the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Interleukin-22 Pathway in Murine Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Pouchitis. [Abstract]2025 Jan 1;68(1):77-90. PMID: 39440869 -
Heliyon
Preliminary study on the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the neurotoxicity of three typical bisphenol compounds (BPA, BPS and TBBPA) at environmentally relevant concentrations to adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). [Abstract]2023 May 26;9(6):e16649. PMID: 37292267 -
Environ Toxicol
Protective effects of folic acid on PM2.5-induced cardiac developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos by targeting AhR and Wnt/β-catenin signal pathways. [Abstract]2017 Oct;32(10):2316-2322. PMID: 28722335 -
Mol Immunol
PM2.5 compromises antiviral immunity in influenza infection by inhibiting activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and expression of interferon-β. [Abstract]2020 Sep;125:178-186. PMID: 32717666 -
Oral Dis
Indoxyl sulfate exacerbates alveolar bone loss in chronic kidney disease through ferroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Jan;31(1):264-277. PMID: 38934473 -
Toxicol Lett
2024 May 15:396:81-93. PMID: 38670245 -
Toxicol In Vitro
TCDD inhibits the proliferation of C17.2 cells through the activation of the c-Cbl/β-catenin signaling pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jan 27:106014. PMID: 39880321 -
bioRxiv
The electrophilic metabolite of kynurenine, kynurenine-CKA, targets C151 in Keap1 to derepress Nrf2. [Abstract]2025 Nov 18:2025.11.18.689077. PMID: 41332654 -
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Res Sq
Regulation of Natural Killer Cell TGF-β and AhR Signaling Pathways Via the Intestinal Microbiota is Critical for Host Defense Against Alcohol-Associated Bacterial Pneumonia. [Abstract]2023 Oct 18:rs.3.rs-3328953. PMID: 37886455 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (299.95 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 0.33 mg/mL (0.99 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.33 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (3.3 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 50% PEG300 50% Saline
Solubility: 2 mg/mL (6.00 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (277 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. The compound is unstable in solutions, freshly prepared is recommended.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.9995 mL | 14.9974 mL | 29.9949 mL | 74.9872 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5999 mL | 2.9995 mL | 5.9990 mL | 14.9974 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2999 mL | 1.4997 mL | 2.9995 mL | 7.4987 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2000 mL | 0.9998 mL | 1.9997 mL | 4.9991 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1500 mL | 0.7499 mL | 1.4997 mL | 3.7494 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1200 mL | 0.5999 mL | 1.1998 mL | 2.9995 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1000 mL | 0.4999 mL | 0.9998 mL | 2.4996 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0750 mL | 0.3749 mL | 0.7499 mL | 1.8747 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0600 mL | 0.2999 mL | 0.5999 mL | 1.4997 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0500 mL | 0.2500 mL | 0.4999 mL | 1.2498 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0375 mL | 0.1875 mL | 0.3749 mL | 0.9373 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0300 mL | 0.1500 mL | 0.2999 mL | 0.7499 mL |
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