Art. -Nr.: HY-N0166

Gramine

(Synonyms: Donaxine)

4 Cited Publications

Kundenbewertung

Based on 4 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Gramine (Donaxine) is an alkaloid, acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC₅₀s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties.

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Reinheit: 99.80%
CAS. Nr.: 87-52-5
Formel: C₁₁H₁₄N₂
Molecular Weight:174.25

Speicherung:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Gramine Chemical Structure

CAS. Nr.: 87-52-5

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biologische Aktivität
- Beschreibung
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
Chemical Information
Publications (4)
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Reinheit & Dokumentation
Verweise
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biologische Aktivität

Beschreibung

Gramine (Donaxine) is an alkaloid, acts as an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC₅₀s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively^[1]. Gramine is also a human and mouse β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonist^[2]. Gramine (Donaxine) has anti-tumor, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties^[1].

IC₅₀ & Target

IC50: 3.2 µM (AdipoR2), 4.2 µM (AdipoR1)^[1]

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
BGC-823	IC₅₀	62.8 μg/mL Compound: Gramine	Cytotoxicity against human BGC823 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human BGC823 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22647218]
HepG2	IC₅₀	>100 μg/mL Compound: Gramine	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22647218]
NCI-H460	IC₅₀	74.5 μg/mL Compound: Gramine	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22647218]
SGC-7901	IC₅₀	77.3 μg/mL Compound: Gramine	Cytotoxicity against human SGC7901 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human SGC7901 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22647218]

In Vitro

Gramine is an active adiponectin receptor (AdipoR) agonist, with IC₅₀s of 3.2 and 4.2 μM for AdipoR2 and AdipoR1, respectively^[1]. Gramine is a potential β2-AR agonist^[2].
Gramine (20 μM to 1.2 nM) dose-dependently inhibits the growth of AdipoR1/adipoR2-positive cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells), with IC₅₀s of 9.6±0.9 and 0.1±0.1 μM, respectively^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS. Nr. 87-52-5
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 174.25
Formel C₁₁H₁₄N₂
Color White to off-white
SMILES

CN(C)CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2
Synonyms

Donaxine
Structure Classification
- Alkaloids
- Indole Alkaloids
Initial Source
Versand

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Speicherung

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (4)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability AssayIFFlow CytometryWB

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Journal Impact Factor

Phytomedicine

Gramine improves sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by binding to NF-κB p105 and inhibiting its ubiquitination. [Abstract]

2024 Mar:125:155325. PMID: 38295663
ACS Omega

Identification of New Modulators and Inhibitors of Palmitoyl-Protein Thioesterase 1 for CLN1 Batten Disease and Cancer. [Abstract]

2024 Feb 28;9(10):11870-11882. PMID: 38496939
Viruses

3-Indoleacetonitrile Is Highly Effective in Treating Influenza A Virus Infection In Vitro and In Vivo. [Abstract]

2021 Jul 23;13(8):1433. PMID: 34452298

Gramine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Viruses. 2021 Jul 23;13(8):1433. [Abstract]

549 cells were treated with 3-indoleacetonitrile, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, 3-carboxyindole, or Gramine (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 500, 1000 μM) using the indicated concentrations for 24 h. Then, the cell viability was measured by CCK-8.

Gramine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Viruses. 2021 Jul 23;13(8):1433. [Abstract]

The A549 cells were infected with the H5N6-GFP virus at an MOI of 0.005, followed by treatment with 3-indoleacetonitrile, indole-3-carboxaldehyde, 3-carboxyindole, and Gramine (50 μM) at indicated concentrations for 24 h. After that, the GFP intensity was acquired using fluorescence microscopy.

Gramine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Viruses. 2021 Jul 23;13(8):1433. [Abstract]

The percentage of GFP-positive cells was calculated through flow cytometry treated with Gramine (50 μM).

Gramine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Viruses. 2021 Jul 23;13(8):1433. [Abstract]

The viral PB2 and NP proteins were analyzed by Western blotting treated with Gramine (50 μM).
Vet Microbiol

The Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin C inhibits PRRSV infection by regulating the OGT-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2026 May:316:110992. PMID: 41865607

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

In Vitro:

DMSO : ≥ 125 mg/mL (717.36 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

5.7389 mL

28.6944 mL

57.3888 mL

5 mM

1.1478 mL

5.7389 mL

11.4778 mL

10 mM

0.5739 mL

2.8694 mL

5.7389 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Molaritätsrechner

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Konzentration Konzentration

Volumen Volumen

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Verdünnungsrechner

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} × Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} = Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} × Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)}

Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} Volumen _{(Stammlösung)}

Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)}

Volumen _{(Ziellösung)} Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.94 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.94 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (11.94 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Select Batch:

Reinheit: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (278 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

Verweise

[1]. Sun Y, et al. Identification of adiponectin receptor agonist utilizing a fluorescence polarization based high throughput assay. PLoS One. 2013 May 14;8(5):e63354. [Content Brief]

[2]. Chikazawa M, et al. Identification of Functional Food Factors as β2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists and Their Potential Roles in Skeletal Muscle. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2018;64(1):68-74. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	5.7389 mL	28.6944 mL	57.3888 mL	143.4720 mL
	5 mM	1.1478 mL	5.7389 mL	11.4778 mL	28.6944 mL
	10 mM	0.5739 mL	2.8694 mL	5.7389 mL	14.3472 mL
	15 mM	0.3826 mL	1.9130 mL	3.8259 mL	9.5648 mL
	20 mM	0.2869 mL	1.4347 mL	2.8694 mL	7.1736 mL
	25 mM	0.2296 mL	1.1478 mL	2.2956 mL	5.7389 mL
	30 mM	0.1913 mL	0.9565 mL	1.9130 mL	4.7824 mL
	40 mM	0.1435 mL	0.7174 mL	1.4347 mL	3.5868 mL
	50 mM	0.1148 mL	0.5739 mL	1.1478 mL	2.8694 mL
	60 mM	0.0956 mL	0.4782 mL	0.9565 mL	2.3912 mL
	80 mM	0.0717 mL	0.3587 mL	0.7174 mL	1.7934 mL
	100 mM	0.0574 mL	0.2869 mL	0.5739 mL	1.4347 mL

Keywords

Gramine

4 Cited Publications

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Gramine

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Gramine

Biologische Aktivität

Chemical Information

Publications (4)

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Verweise

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Gramine Related Classifications

HY-N0166 Related Classifications