Identification of Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE), the aminoterminal tripeptide of insulin-like growth factor 1 which is truncated in brain, as a novel neuroactive peptide

  • Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Dec 15;165(2):766-71. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(89)80032-4.
V R Sara  1 ,  C Carlsson-Skwirut ,  T Bergman ,  H Jörnvall ,  P J Roberts ,  M Crawford ,  L N Håkansson ,  I Civalero ,  A Nordberg
Affiliations
  • 1. Karolinska Institute's Department of Pathology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
PMID: 2574573 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(89)80032-4
Abstract

A truncated form of IGF-1 which lacks the aminoterminal tripeptide Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE) is found in human brain. It was proposed that GPE may result from neural specific processing and also have a function within the CNS. GPE was synthesized and shown to inhibit glutamate binding to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Whilst the carboxyterminal glutamate was necessary for NMDA Receptor binding, the aminoterminal glycine potentiated receptor crossreaction. Furthermore, GPE had a potent stimulatory effect on the potassium induced release of acetylcholine from rat cortical slices. A less potent stimulation of dopamine release from striatum was also observed. The specific competitive NMDA Receptor Antagonist, (+/-)2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoate (AP7), inhibited the action of GPE on dopamine but not on acetylcholine release. These studies have identified GPE as a novel neuroactive peptide with a potent action on acetylcholine release and support the general concept that the proteolytic products of the IGF-1 precursor play a role in the regulation of brain function.

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