New Insights into Decabromodiphenyl Ether-Induced Splenic Injury in Chickens: Involvement of ROS-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway Triggering Autophagy and Apoptosis

  • J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Feb 21;72(7):3741-3754. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09104.
Bendong Shi  1 ,  Bowen Dong  1 ,  Jianhua Shan  1 ,  Zhuoqi Zhang  1 ,  Qiaohan Liu  1 ,  Yangyang Jiang  1 ,  Cheng Fang  1 ,  Jingzeng Cai  1 ,  Ziwei Zhang  1  2
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
  • 2. Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
PMID: 38340082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09104
Abstract

Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a widely used brominated flame retardant that can easily detach from Materials and enter into feed and foodstuffs, posing a serious risk to human and animal health and food safety of animal origin. However, the immunotoxic effects of BDE-209 on the avian spleen and the exact mechanism of the toxicity remain unknown. Therefore, we established an experimental model of BDE-209-exposed chickens and a positive control model of cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in vivo and treated MDCC-MSB-1 cells and chicken splenic primary lymphocytes with BDE-209 in vitro. The results showed that BDE-209 treatment caused morphological and structural abnormalities in the chicken spleens. Mechanistically, indicators related to oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), Autophagy, and Apoptosis were significantly altered by BDE-209 exposure in both the spleen and lymphocytes, but the use of the N-acetylcysteine or the 4-phenylbutyric acid significantly reversed these changes. In addition, BDE-209 exposure decreased the spleen antimicrobial peptide and immunoglobulin gene expression. In conclusion, the present research revealed that BDE-209 exposure enhanced lymphocyte Autophagy and Apoptosis in chicken spleen via the ROS-mediated ERS pathway. This signaling cascade regulatory relationship not only opens up a new avenue for studying BDE-209 immunotoxicity but also provides important insights into preventing BDE-209 hazards to animal health.

Keywords
ERS; apoptosis; autophagy; chicken spleen; decabromodiphenyl ether; oxidative stress.
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