Inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway mitigates liver injury induced by docetaxel-carboplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy via autophagy promotion

The docetaxel-carboplatin (TCb) combination is a widely used neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen, yet its clinical application is frequently accompanied by hepatotoxicity and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study investigates the role of cGAS-STING-mediated Autophagy in TCb-induced DILI. A TCb-induced DILI mouse model is established by intraperitoneal administration of docetaxel (10 mg/kg) and carboplatin (50 mg/kg) once weekly for two weeks, alongside an in vitro AML12 hepatocyte model (docetaxel 20 μM + carboplatin 100 μM). Liver injury, Apoptosis, Autophagy, and cGAS-STING signaling are evaluated using histopathological staining, biochemical assays, RT-qPCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. TCb treatment induces significant liver injury, as evidenced by elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (TBIL), histopathological damage, and increased Collagen deposition. TCb markedly promotes hepatocyte Apoptosis, characterized by increased expression of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and decreased expression of Bcl-2. Concomitantly, TCb suppresses basal Autophagy, as indicated by p62 accumulation, reduced Beclin-1 expression, decreased LC3-II/I ratio, and diminished autophagosome formation. Mechanistically, TCb robustly activates the cGAS-STING pathway, accompanied by enhanced phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of STING with C-176 or siRNA-mediated STING knockdown restores autophagic flux and significantly attenuates TCb-induced Apoptosis. Collectively, these findings suggest that sustained activation of the cGAS-STING pathway contributes to TCb-induced DILI by impairing autophagic homeostasis and promoting hepatocyte Apoptosis. Targeting cGAS-STING-mediated Autophagy represents a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing chemotherapy-associated hepatotoxicity.