C-176
Based on 113 publication(s) in Google Scholar
C-176 is a selective and blood-brain barrier permeable STING inhibitor. C-176 covalently targets transmembrane cysteine residue 91 and thereby blocking activation-induced palmitoylation of STING.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.47%
- CAS No.: 314054-00-7
- Formula: C11H7IN2O4
- Molecular Weight:358.09
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) C-176
More- Adv Mater. 2025 Jan 19:e2412627. [Abstract]
- Bioact Mater. 2025 Feb 13:48:55-70. [Abstract]
- Bioact Mater. 2022 Dec 9:24:37-53. [Abstract]
- Nat Cell Biol. 2025 Aug;27(8):1342-1356. [Abstract]
- Clin Mol Hepatol. 2024 May 10. [Abstract]
- Cancer Res. 2021 Jun 15;81(12):3215-3228. [Abstract]
- Cancer Res. 2021 May 15;81(10):2714-2729. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2023 May 23;14(1):2950. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2023 May 26;14(1):3050. [Abstract]
- Neuron. 2023 Jan 18;111(2):236-255.e7. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2026 Mar 20:1-19. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2021 Jan 6;8(5):2002738. [Abstract]
- J Clin Invest. 2021 Oct 15;131(20):e136329. [Abstract]
- Leukemia. 2023 Dec;37(12):2457-2467. [Abstract]
- Cardiovasc Res. 2024 Jul 31;120(9):1081-1096. [Abstract]
- Biomaterials. 2025 May 19:323:123424. [Abstract]
- J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Aug 22;38(1):370. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2025 Oct 17;11(42):eady7930. [Abstract]
- Environ Sci Technol. 2025 Mar 11;59(9):4530-4539. [Abstract]
- Research (Wash D C). 2026 Apr 15:9:1235. [Abstract]
- J Immunother Cancer. 2026 Jan 8;14(1):e012121. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2025 Jul 9;22(1):176. [Abstract]
- J Neuroinflammation. 2020 May 25;17(1):165. [Abstract]
- Int J Biol Sci. 2022 Jan 1;18(2):585-598. [Abstract]
- Burns Trauma. 2025.
- Cell Death Dis. 2025 Dec 10;16(1):889. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2022 Jul 28;13(7):653. [Abstract]
- Genes Dis. 2024 Sep 15;12(2):101434. [Abstract]
- Nano Res. 2025;18(11): 94908101.
- J Pharm Anal. 2025 Jan;15(1):101054. [Abstract]
- Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2022 Aug;43(8):2055-2066. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Sep 24:148:157330. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2024 Jun:128:155404. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2023 Jan:108:154495. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2026 May 19:253:18-35. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2026 Jun:249:246-259. [Abstract]
- ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2025 Nov 12;17(45):61814-61829. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Aug 20:240:373-383. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2025 Sep:237:251-269. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2022 Nov 20;193(Pt 1):202-212. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2022 Aug 1:188:26-34. [Abstract]
- NPJ Precis Oncol. 2026 Feb 11;10(1):126. [Abstract]
- Brain Behav Immun. 2025 Oct 25.
- JHEP Rep. 2023 Feb 3;5(5):100695. [Abstract]
- Oncogene. 2026 Jun;45(23):2211-2224. [Abstract]
- JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2022 Aug 3;7(8):820-840. [Abstract]
- Aging Cell. 2024 Aug 7:e14303. [Abstract]
- Aging Cell. 2020 Aug;19(8):e13186. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Discov. 2022 May 11;8(1):258. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Nov 18;44(12):116581. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2024 Dec 13;43(12):115060. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2023 Feb 28;42(3):112145. [Abstract]
- Clin Transl Med. 2025 May;15(5):e70323. [Abstract]
- Clin Transl Med. 2025 Apr;15(4):e70289. [Abstract]
- Phytother Res. 2024 Dec;38(12):5690-5712. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Jan 31;72(4):2120-2134. [Abstract]
- Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Sep 24:285:117085. [Abstract]
- Cell Biol Toxicol. 2025 May 7;41(1):82. [Abstract]
- Eur J Med Chem. 2022 Dec 15:244:114814. [Abstract]
- Chin Med. 2022 Jan 5;17(1):7. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2026 Mar 8:249:117879. [Abstract]
- Biochem Pharmacol. 2025 Jul 17:117177. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 Dec 30:360:121126. [Abstract]
- Inflamm Res. 2023 Jan;72(1):117-132. [Abstract]
- Drug Des Devel Ther. 2026 Feb 25:20:578815. [Abstract]
- Commun Biol. 2022 Sep 6;5(1):916. [Abstract]
- Immunology. 2026 Mar 3. [Abstract]
- CNS Neurosci Ther. 2024 Dec;30(12):e70166. [Abstract]
- Inflammation. 2025 Apr;48(2):696-712. [Abstract]
- CNS Neurosci Ther. 2024 Jul;30(7):e14824. [Abstract]
- Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2024 Jun 3;65(6):13. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Apr 15:969:176428. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Mar 10:129:111628. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharmacol. 2024 Feb 15:965:176326. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2024 Jan 25:127:111348. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Oct:123:110795. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Aug:121:110412. [Abstract]
- Neuropharmacology. 2022 Oct 1:217:109206. [Abstract]
- Cancers (Basel). 2022 Oct 22;14(21):5188. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2025 Jun 15;39(11):e70644. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2024 Feb 9;1870(4):167061. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2022 Jun 30;25(8):104690. [Abstract]
- J Neurochem. 2022 Sep;162(5):444-462. [Abstract]
- J Virol. 2025 Jun 12:e0069025. [Abstract]
- Clin Immunol. 2023 May:250:109300. [Abstract]
- Int J Obes. 2023 Apr;47(4):325-334. [Abstract]
- Cytokine. 2024 Aug 31:183:156737. [Abstract]
- Front Med. 2025 Dec 27. [Abstract]
- Exp Cell Res. 2023 May 17;428(2):113630. [Abstract]
- Food Chem Toxicol. 2023 May:175:113732. [Abstract]
- World J Tradit Chin Med. 2025 April 17.
- Hum Cell. 2025 Aug 13;38(5):142. [Abstract]
- Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2024 Jul 26;29(7):274. [Abstract]
- J Clin Lab Anal. 2026 Mar;40(5):e70172. [Abstract]
- Mol Pain. 2025 May 7:17448069251342240. [Abstract]
- J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2025 Jan 25;151(2):48. [Abstract]
- Exp Eye Res. 2024 Dec 28:110228. [Abstract]
- Tissue Cell. 2023 Jun:82:102069. [Abstract]
- Int J Environ Health Res. 2025 Mar 4:1-11. [Abstract]
- J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2023 Oct;43(10):478-486. [Abstract]
- Int J Ophthalmol. 2021 Nov 18;14(11):1660-1665. [Abstract]
- Int J Neurosci. 2024 May 13:1-15. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2026 Apr 5:2026.04.01.715921. [Abstract]
- Res Sq. 2026 Feb 10.
- Res Sq. 2026 Jan 22.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Sep 10.
- Res Sq. 2025 Mar 16.
- Research Square Preprint. 2024 Apr 5.
- SSRN. 2023 Apr 29.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Apr 13.
- Research Square Preprint. 2022 Feb.
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 Jul.
- Research Square Preprint. 2021 May.
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WB
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WB
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IF
Biological Activity
STING[1].
|
Cell Line
|
Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCC1143 | IC50 |
9.5 μM
Compound: 1
|
Cytotoxicity against human HCC1143 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 3 days by cell-titer-Glo reagent based assay
Cytotoxicity against human HCC1143 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 3 days by cell-titer-Glo reagent based assay
|
[PMID: 26116180] |
| HCC1806 | IC50 |
6.2 μM
Compound: 1
|
Cytotoxicity against human HCC1806 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 3 days by cell-titer-Glo reagent based assay
Cytotoxicity against human HCC1806 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 3 days by cell-titer-Glo reagent based assay
|
[PMID: 26116180] |
| HCC38 | IC50 |
8.7 μM
Compound: 1
|
Cytotoxicity against human HCC38 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 3 days by cell-titer-Glo reagent based assay
Cytotoxicity against human HCC38 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 3 days by cell-titer-Glo reagent based assay
|
[PMID: 26116180] |
| RAW264.7 | IC50 |
1.14 μM
Compound: C-176
|
Anti inflammatory activity in LPS-induced mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of NO production preincubated with compound for 2 hrs followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by griess reagent based assay
Anti inflammatory activity in LPS-induced mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of NO production preincubated with compound for 2 hrs followed by LPS stimulation and measured after 24 hrs by griess reagent based assay
|
[PMID: 36228412] |
C-176 strongly reduces STING-mediated, but not RIG-I- or TBK1-mediated, IFNβ reporter activity. Pretreatment with C-176 markedly reduce the CMA-mediated induction of serum levels of type I IFNs and IL-6[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
C-176 results in a significant reduction in serum levels of type I IFNs and in a strong suppression of inflammatory parameters in the heart, with no evident signs of overt toxicity Trex1 / mice[1].
C-176 demonstrates marked amelioration of various signs of systemic inflammation in Trex1 / mice[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:WT type mice.
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Dosage:750/375 nmol C-176 per mouse in 200 μL corn oil (~1.34/0.67 mg/mL).
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Administration:Intraperitoneally, once.
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Result:Significantly reduced Serum levels of type I IFNs and IL-6.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 314054-00-7
-
Appearance Solid
-
Molecular Weight 358.09
-
Formula C11H7IN2O4
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Color Light yellow to yellow
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SMILES
O=C(C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1)NC2=CC=C(I)C=C2
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year
Publications (113)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Adv Mater
Metalloparticle-Engineered Pickering Emulsion Displaying AAV-Vectored Vaccine for Enhancing Antigen Expression and Immunogenicity Against Pathogens. [Abstract]2025 Jan 19:e2412627. PMID: 39828538 -
Bioact Mater
cGAMP-targeting injectable hydrogel system promotes periodontal restoration by alleviating cGAS-STING pathway activation. [Abstract]2025 Feb 13:48:55-70. PMID: 40303968 -
Bioact Mater
2022 Dec 9:24:37-53. PMID: 36582350 -
Nat Cell Biol
Evolutionarily conserved role of telomerase reverse transcriptase in programming the microenvironment via regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway. [Abstract]2025 Aug;27(8):1342-1356. PMID: 40770487 -
Clin Mol Hepatol
2024 May 10. PMID: 38726504 -
Cancer Res
SHP2-Mediated Inhibition of DNA Repair Contributes to cGAS-STING Activation and Chemotherapeutic Sensitivity in Colon Cancer. [Abstract]2021 Jun 15;81(12):3215-3228. PMID: 33820798 -
Cancer Res
MEK Inhibition Remodels the Immune Landscape of Mutant KRAS Tumors to Overcome Resistance to PARP and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. [Abstract]2021 May 15;81(10):2714-2729. PMID: 33589518 -
Nat Commun
Gas therapy potentiates aggregation-induced emission luminogen-based photoimmunotherapy of poorly immunogenic tumors through cGAS-STING pathway activation. [Abstract]2023 May 23;14(1):2950. PMID: 37221157 -
Nat Commun
TRABID inhibition activates cGAS/STING-mediated anti-tumor immunity through mitosis and autophagy dysregulation. [Abstract]2023 May 26;14(1):3050. PMID: 37237031 -
Neuron
Driving axon regeneration by orchestrating neuronal and non-neuronal innate immune responses via the IFNγ-cGAS-STING axis. [Abstract]2023 Jan 18;111(2):236-255.e7. PMID: 36370710 -
Autophagy
RETREG1/FAM134B-mediated ERGICphagy regulates GSDME-dependent dendritic cell pyroptosis during sepsis. [Abstract]2026 Mar 20:1-19. PMID: 41787734 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Mitochondrial Damage-Induced Innate Immune Activation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Promotes Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Plaque Vulnerability. [Abstract]2021 Jan 6;8(5):2002738. PMID: 33717842 -
J Clin Invest
2021 Oct 15;131(20):e136329. PMID: 34651582 -
Leukemia
STING activation in TET2-mutated hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells contributes to the increased self-renewal and neoplastic transformation. [Abstract]2023 Dec;37(12):2457-2467. PMID: 37816954 -
Cardiovasc Res
Ncf1 knockout in SMCs exacerbates angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysm and dissection by activating the STING pathway. [Abstract]2024 Jul 31;120(9):1081-1096. PMID: 38639325 -
Biomaterials
Endothelia-targeting eye drops deliver a STING inhibitor to effectively reduce retinal neovascularization in ischemic retinopathy. [Abstract]2025 May 19:323:123424. PMID: 40408973 -
J Exp Clin Cancer Res
Topoisomerase inhibitors promote cancer cell motility via ROS-mediated activation of JAK2-STAT1-CXCL1 pathway. [Abstract]2019 Aug 22;38(1):370. PMID: 31438997 -
Sci Adv
Targeting RRM2 with dual-modal theranostic smart nanoresponder overcomes osimertinib resistance and triggers immune remodeling in NSCLC. [Abstract]2025 Oct 17;11(42):eady7930. PMID: 41105786 -
Environ Sci Technol
IodoFinder: Machine Learning-Guided Recognition of Iodinated Chemicals in Nontargeted LC-MS/MS Analysis. [Abstract]2025 Mar 11;59(9):4530-4539. PMID: 40015982 -
Research (Wash D C)
Mitochondrial 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase 1-Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Axis Drives Mitochondrial DNA Escape and Accelerates Osteoarthritis Progression. [Abstract]2026 Apr 15:9:1235. PMID: 41993093 -
J Immunother Cancer
Memory B cell subset shapes antitumor immunity and response to PD-1 blockade in mismatch repair-deficient colorectal cancers. [Abstract]2026 Jan 8;14(1):e012121. PMID: 41506788 -
J Neuroinflammation
Pharmacological inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway suppresses microglia pyroptosis in sepsis-associated encephalopathy. [Abstract]2025 Jul 9;22(1):176. PMID: 40634978 -
J Neuroinflammation
Stimulator of IFN genes mediates neuroinflammatory injury by suppressing AMPK signal in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. [Abstract]2020 May 25;17(1):165. PMID: 32450897
C-176 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Neuroinflammation. 2020 May 25;17(1):165. [Abstract]
Western blotting indicated that the level of TBK1 phosphorylation is significantly increased after SAH. Compared with SAH + vehicle group, the phosphorylation of TBK1 is remarkably inhibited by C-176.
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Int J Biol Sci
Rocaglamide promotes the infiltration and antitumor immunity of NK cells by activating cGAS-STING signaling in non-small cell lung cancer. [Abstract]2022 Jan 1;18(2):585-598. PMID: 35002511 -
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Cell Death Dis
De-ubiquitinase USP35 promotes peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer by regulating metabolic reprogramming. [Abstract]2025 Dec 10;16(1):889. PMID: 41372134 -
Cell Death Dis
The interaction between STING and NCOA4 exacerbates lethal sepsis by orchestrating ferroptosis and inflammatory responses in macrophages. [Abstract]2022 Jul 28;13(7):653. PMID: 35902564 -
Genes Dis
Heavy mechanical force decelerates orthodontic tooth movement via Piezo1-induced mitochondrial calcium down-regulation. [Abstract]2024 Sep 15;12(2):101434. PMID: 39759122 -
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J Pharm Anal
Oxymatrine, a novel TLR2 agonist, promotes megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis through the STING/NF-κB pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jan;15(1):101054. PMID: 39906691 -
Acta Pharmacol Sin
STING inhibitor ameliorates LPS-induced ALI by preventing vascular endothelial cells-mediated immune cells chemotaxis and adhesion. [Abstract]2022 Aug;43(8):2055-2066. PMID: 34907359 -
Phytomedicine
Astragaloside IV potentiates cisplatin sensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer via STING signaling pathway activation. [Abstract]2025 Sep 24:148:157330. PMID: 41016300 -
Phytomedicine
Compound Danshen Dripping Pill effectively alleviates cGAS-STING-triggered diseases by disrupting STING-TBK1 interaction. [Abstract]2024 Jun:128:155404. PMID: 38507852 -
Phytomedicine
Zhen Wu decoction represses renal fibrosis by invigorating tubular NRF2 and TFAM to fuel mitochondrial bioenergetics. [Abstract]2023 Jan:108:154495. PMID: 36257219 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Nanoplastic exposure induces mitochondrial dysfunction-driven inflammation and senescence in renal tubular epithelial cells. [Abstract]2026 May 19:253:18-35. PMID: 42162843 -
Free Radic Biol Med
cGAS-STING signaling pathway promotes ischemic kidney injury by regulating HK3-mediated lipid accumulation. [Abstract]2026 Jun:249:246-259. PMID: 41825654 -
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
Photothermal-Boosted Neutrophil-Mediated STING Inhibitor Delivery Platforms for Drug-Resistant Diabetic Wound Infections. [Abstract]2025 Nov 12;17(45):61814-61829. PMID: 41159636 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Exercise training ameliorates high-fat diet-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and ferroptosis via downregulation of STING. [Abstract]2025 Aug 20:240:373-383. PMID: 40846100 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Phospholipase A2 group IIA activates Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 to drive the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. [Abstract]2025 Sep:237:251-269. PMID: 40473047 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Manganese induces tumor cell ferroptosis through type-I IFN dependent inhibition of mitochondrial dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. [Abstract]2022 Nov 20;193(Pt 1):202-212. PMID: 36228830 -
Free Radic Biol Med
New mechanism of nephrotoxicity of triptolide: Oxidative stress promotes cGAS-STING signaling pathway. [Abstract]2022 Aug 1:188:26-34. PMID: 35697291 -
NPJ Precis Oncol
DDX41 facilitates PD-L1-mediated immune escape in OSCC via the phase separation and activation STING pathway. [Abstract]2026 Feb 11;10(1):126. PMID: 41673322 -
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JHEP Rep
TAK1 deficiency promotes liver injury and tumorigenesis via ferroptosis and macrophage cGAS-STING signalling. [Abstract]2023 Feb 3;5(5):100695. PMID: 36968217 -
Oncogene
Targeting VPS4 elicits STING-driven anti-tumor immunity to suppress rhabdomyosarcoma growth. [Abstract]2026 Jun;45(23):2211-2224. PMID: 42032367 -
JACC Basic Transl Sci
Targeting Myocardial Mitochondria-STING-Polyamine Axis Prevents Cardiac Hypertrophy in Chronic Kidney Disease. [Abstract]2022 Aug 3;7(8):820-840. PMID: 36061341 -
Aging Cell
2024 Aug 7:e14303. PMID: 39113346 -
Aging Cell
Aging aggravated liver ischemia and reperfusion injury by promoting STING-mediated NLRP3 activation in macrophages. [Abstract]2020 Aug;19(8):e13186. PMID: 32666684
C-176 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Aging Cell. 2020 Aug;19(8):e13186. [Abstract]
The BMDMs from the young and aged mice are pretreated with C-176 (20 µM) or STING siRNA followed by stimulation with mtDNA (100 ng/ml). The C-176 treatment effectively inhibits STING activation in both young and aged BMDMs post-mtDNA stimulation, as shown by the decreased protein levels of P-STING and P-TBK1.
C-176 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Aging Cell. 2020 Aug;19(8):e13186. [Abstract]
The BMDMs from the young and aged mice are pretreated with C-176 (20 µM) or STING siRNA followed by stimulation with mtDNA (100 ng/ml). STING inhibition by C-176 blocks the over-activation of NLRP3 signaling in the BMDMs from the young and aged mice post-mtDNA stimulation, as shown by decreased levels of NLRP3 and Cleaved caspase-1 expression.
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Cell Death Discov
Mitochondrial damage and activation of the cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS-STING pathway lead to cardiac pyroptosis and hypertrophy in diabetic cardiomyopathy mice. [Abstract]2022 May 11;8(1):258. PMID: 35538059 -
Cell Rep
Herpes simplex virus type 1 disseminates from the cornea to the CNS in mice by thwarting type III interferon immune defenses. [Abstract]2025 Nov 18;44(12):116581. PMID: 41259200 -
Cell Rep
Desuccinylation of TBK1 by SIRT5 regulates inflammatory response of macrophages in sepsis. [Abstract]2024 Dec 13;43(12):115060. PMID: 39673708 -
Cell Rep
4-octyl itaconate as a metabolite derivative inhibits inflammation via alkylation of STING. [Abstract]2023 Feb 28;42(3):112145. PMID: 36862550 -
Clin Transl Med
cGAS/STING signalling in macrophages aggravates obliterative bronchiolitis via an IFN-α-dependent mechanism after orthotopic tracheal transplantation in mice. [Abstract]2025 May;15(5):e70323. PMID: 40292672 -
Clin Transl Med
ATG16L1 restrains macrophage NLRP3 activation and alveolar epithelial cell injury during septic lung injury. [Abstract]2025 Apr;15(4):e70289. PMID: 40211890 -
Phytother Res
Ellagitannin Component Punicalin Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Neuroinflammation via the Inhibition of cGAS-STING Signaling in the Brain of an Aging Mouse Model. [Abstract]2024 Dec;38(12):5690-5712. PMID: 39313488 -
J Agric Food Chem
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Ameliorates Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Mitophagy and Inflammation via the DRP1-mtDNA-STING Pathway in Bovine Hepatocytes. [Abstract]2024 Jan 31;72(4):2120-2134. PMID: 38235560 -
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
Copper induced cytosolic escape of mitochondrial DNA and activation of cGAS-STING-NLRP3 pathway-dependent pyroptosis in C8-D1A cells. [Abstract]2024 Sep 24:285:117085. PMID: 39321529 -
Cell Biol Toxicol
ELF4 improves sepsis-induced myocardial injury by regulating STING signaling-mediated T cells differentiation. [Abstract]2025 May 7;41(1):82. PMID: 40335763 -
Eur J Med Chem
2022 Dec 15:244:114814. PMID: 36228412 -
Chin Med
Traditional Chinese medicine Lingguizhugan decoction ameliorate HFD-induced hepatic-lipid deposition in mice by inhibiting STING-mediated inflammation in macrophages. [Abstract]2022 Jan 5;17(1):7. PMID: 34983596 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Ginkgetin alleviates cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy via inhibition of the macrophage cGAS-STING pathway. [Abstract]2026 Mar 8:249:117879. PMID: 41806931 -
Biochem Pharmacol
Targeting STING alleviates pyroptosis of bladder epithelial cells and ameliorates bladder fibrosis in neurogenic bladder. [Abstract]2025 Jul 17:117177. PMID: 40683470 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Puerarin from Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) alleviates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in MAFLD through suppressing STING-IRF3/NF-κB signaling in macrophages. [Abstract]2025 Dec 30:360:121126. PMID: 41478535 -
Inflamm Res
Activation of the STING pathway induces peripheral sensitization via neuroinflammation in a rat model of bone cancer pain. [Abstract]2023 Jan;72(1):117-132. PMID: 36346430 -
Drug Des Devel Ther
(+)-JQ1 Upregulates SIRT3 to Suppress cGAS/STING Pathway-Mediated Neuronal Inflammation and Ferroptosis After Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. [Abstract]2026 Feb 25:20:578815. PMID: 41778146 -
Commun Biol
NAT10 regulates neutrophil pyroptosis in sepsis via acetylating ULK1 RNA and activating STING pathway. [Abstract]2022 Sep 6;5(1):916. PMID: 36068299 -
Immunology
STING Drives Psoriatic Inflammation by Promoting Neutrophil Recruitment and Facilitating NETosis. [Abstract]2026 Mar 3. PMID: 41775627 -
CNS Neurosci Ther
STING Driving Synaptic Phagocytosis of Hippocampal Microglia/Macrophages Contributes to Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy in Mice. [Abstract]2024 Dec;30(12):e70166. PMID: 39699038 -
Inflammation
Non-Canonical STING-PERK Pathway Modulation of Cellular Senescence and Therapeutic Response in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. [Abstract]2025 Apr;48(2):696-712. PMID: 38913144 -
CNS Neurosci Ther
CD300LF+ microglia impede the neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury by inhibiting STING pathway. [Abstract]2024 Jul;30(7):e14824. PMID: 38965803 -
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
Involvement of cGAS/STING Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Candida albicans Keratitis: Insights From Genetic and Pharmacological Approaches. [Abstract]2024 Jun 3;65(6):13. PMID: 38848078 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Inhibition of spinal BRD4 alleviates pyroptosis and M1 microglia polarization via STING-IRF3 pathway in morphine-tolerant rats. [Abstract]2024 Apr 15:969:176428. PMID: 38432572 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Enhanced NK cell activation via eEF2K-mediated potentiation of the cGAS-STING pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2024 Mar 10:129:111628. PMID: 38320351 -
Eur J Pharmacol
Nitisinone attenuates cartilage degeneration and subchondral osteoclastogenesis in osteoarthritis and concomitantly inhibits the cGAS/STING/NF-κB pathway. [Abstract]2024 Feb 15:965:176326. PMID: 38220141 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Activation of mitochondrial DNA-mediated cGAS-STING pathway contributes to chronic postsurgical pain by inducing type I interferons and A1 reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord. [Abstract]2024 Jan 25:127:111348. PMID: 38086268 -
Int Immunopharmacol
IQGAP1 promotes mitochondrial damage and activation of the mtDNA sensor cGAS-STING pathway to induce endothelial cell pyroptosis leading to atherosclerosis. [Abstract]2023 Oct:123:110795. PMID: 37597406 -
Int Immunopharmacol
The innate immune sensor STING accelerates neointima formation via NF-κB signaling pathway. [Abstract]2023 Aug:121:110412. PMID: 37302365 -
Neuropharmacology
Pharmacological inhibition of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway suppresses microglial M1-polarization in the spinal cord and attenuates neuropathic pain. [Abstract]2022 Oct 1:217:109206. PMID: 35926582 -
Cancers (Basel)
STING Contributes to Cancer-Induced Bone Pain by Promoting M1 Polarization of Microglia in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. [Abstract]2022 Oct 22;14(21):5188. PMID: 36358605 -
FASEB J
SR-717, a Non-Nucleotide STING Agonist, Displayed Anti-Radiation Activity in a IL-6 Dependent Manner. [Abstract]2025 Jun 15;39(11):e70644. PMID: 40448435 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
Deubiquitinase OTUD6a drives cardiac inflammation and hypertrophy by deubiquitination of STING. [Abstract]2024 Feb 9;1870(4):167061. PMID: 38342418 -
iScience
Irradiation combined with PD-L1-/- and autophagy inhibition enhances the antitumor effect of lung cancer via cGAS-STING-mediated T cell activation. [Abstract]2022 Jun 30;25(8):104690. PMID: 35847556 -
J Neurochem
STING mediates neuroinflammatory response by activating NLRP3-related pyroptosis in severe traumatic brain injury. [Abstract]2022 Sep;162(5):444-462. PMID: 35892155 -
J Virol
African swine fever virus infection enhances CD14-dependent phagocytosis of porcine alveolar macrophages to promote bacterial uptake and apoptotic body-mediated viral transmission. [Abstract]2025 Jun 12:e0069025. PMID: 40503879 -
Clin Immunol
STING contributes to trauma-induced heterotopic ossification through NLRP3-dependent macrophage pyroptosis. [Abstract]2023 May:250:109300. PMID: 36963448 -
Int J Obes
2023 Apr;47(4):325-334. PMID: 36782056 -
Cytokine
2024 Aug 31:183:156737. PMID: 39217915 -
Front Med
Yinqiao powder effectively alleviates acute lung injury via regulating cGAS-STING signaling pathway. [Abstract]2025 Dec 27. PMID: 41454071 -
Exp Cell Res
2023 May 17;428(2):113630. PMID: 37196844 -
Food Chem Toxicol
Flavonoids derived from licorice suppress LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice by inhibiting the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. [Abstract]2023 May:175:113732. PMID: 36958387 -
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Hum Cell
2025 Aug 13;38(5):142. PMID: 40801965 -
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
LARP7 Contributes to Glucose-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction, Apoptosis and Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Degradation of STING. [Abstract]2024 Jul 26;29(7):274. PMID: 39082350 -
J Clin Lab Anal
Ginsenoside Rb1 Targets the HRD1-STING Axis to Mitigate Cholesterol-Induced VSMC Senescence. [Abstract]2026 Mar;40(5):e70172. PMID: 41626813 -
Mol Pain
Electroacupuncture intervention relieves pain by stimulating the STING/IFN-I pathway in rat models of cancer-induced bone pain. [Abstract]2025 May 7:17448069251342240. PMID: 40331681 -
J Cancer Res Clin Oncol
2025 Jan 25;151(2):48. PMID: 39856464 -
Exp Eye Res
Oxidative stress mediates retinal damage after corneal alkali burn through the activation of the cGAS/STING pathway. [Abstract]2024 Dec 28:110228. PMID: 39736315 -
Tissue Cell
Emodin alleviates testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury through the inhibition of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. [Abstract]2023 Jun:82:102069. PMID: 36921491 -
Int J Environ Health Res
Maternal exposure to bisphenol A has transgenerational effects on the development of experimental asthma through bromodomain-containing protein 4-zinc finger DHHC-type containing 1-stimulators of interferon genes axis. [Abstract]2025 Mar 4:1-11. PMID: 40036137 -
J Interferon Cytokine Res
DNA-Dependent Interferon Induction and Lung Inflammation in Bordetella pertussis Infection. [Abstract]2023 Oct;43(10):478-486. PMID: 37651198 -
Int J Ophthalmol
2021 Nov 18;14(11):1660-1665. PMID: 34804854 -
Int J Neurosci
2024 May 13:1-15. PMID: 38738512 -
bioRxiv
2026 Apr 5:2026.04.01.715921. PMID: 41959390 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 62.5 mg/mL (174.54 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Ethanol : 2.5 mg/mL (6.98 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: 1.67 mg/mL (4.66 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic and warming
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 1.67 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (16.7 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 0.25 mg/mL (0.70 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (2.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 0.25 mg/mL (0.70 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 0.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (2.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% EtOH 90% Corn Oil
Solubility: 0.25 mg/mL (0.70 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
This protocol yields a suspended solution of 0.25 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL EtOH stock solution (2.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (275 KB)
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SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Haag SM, et al. Targeting STING with covalent small-molecule inhibitors. Nature. 2018 Jul;559(7713):269-273. [Content Brief]
[2]. Zhang LM, et al. STING mediates neuroinflammatory response by activating NLRP3-related pyroptosis in severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem. 2022 Sep;162(5):444-462. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethanol / DMSO | 1 mM | 2.7926 mL | 13.9630 mL | 27.9259 mL | 69.8149 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5585 mL | 2.7926 mL | 5.5852 mL | 13.9630 mL | |
| DMSO | 10 mM | 0.2793 mL | 1.3963 mL | 2.7926 mL | 6.9815 mL |
| 15 mM | 0.1862 mL | 0.9309 mL | 1.8617 mL | 4.6543 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1396 mL | 0.6981 mL | 1.3963 mL | 3.4907 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1117 mL | 0.5585 mL | 1.1170 mL | 2.7926 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0931 mL | 0.4654 mL | 0.9309 mL | 2.3272 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0698 mL | 0.3491 mL | 0.6981 mL | 1.7454 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0559 mL | 0.2793 mL | 0.5585 mL | 1.3963 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0465 mL | 0.2327 mL | 0.4654 mL | 1.1636 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0349 mL | 0.1745 mL | 0.3491 mL | 0.8727 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0279 mL | 0.1396 mL | 0.2793 mL | 0.6981 mL |