Cholera toxin  (Synonyms: Choleragen)

Cholera toxin (Choleragen), an AB(5)-subunit toxin, enters host cells by binding the ganglioside GM1 at the plasma membrane (PM) and travels retrograde through the trans-Golgi Network into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)^[1]. Choleragen activates adenylate cyclase by catalyzing ADP-ribosylation of Gs alpha, the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding protein^[2].

In the ER, a portion of Cholera toxin, the enzymatic A1-chain, is unfolded by protein disulfide isomerase and retro-translocated to the cytosol by hijacking components of the ER associated degradation pathway for misfolded proteins^[1].
? Cholera toxin acts as an ADP-ribosyltransferase to disrupt intracellular signaling in the target cell. Cholera toxin moves by vesicle carriers from the cell surface to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of an intoxicated cell^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

9012-63-9

Solid

White to off-white

[Cholera toxin]

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Store at 4°C, do not freeze

• [1]. Kellner A, et al. A binding motif for Hsp90 in the A chains of ADP-ribosylating toxins that move from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Cell Microbiol. 2019;21(10):e13074.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Tsai SC, et al. Stimulation of choleragen enzymatic activities by GTP and two soluble proteins purified from bovine brain. J Biol Chem. 1988;263(4):1768-1772.  [Content Brief]

  [3]. Wernick NL, et al. Cholera toxin: an intracellular journey into the cytosol by way of the endoplasmic reticulum. Toxins (Basel). 2010;2(3):310-325.  [Content Brief]