CDg16
CDg16 is a selective fluorescent dye targeting SLC18B1 (λabs/λem=458/544 nm) that is actively transported into lysosomal vesicles of activated macrophages independent of the endocytic pathway. CDg16 enables highly specific vesicle localization in live cells. CDg16 exhibits no cytotoxicity and accurately distinguishes activated M1 and M2 subsets from different origins. CDg16 shows low background staining in non-activated cells and normal organs, making it suitable for time-lapse imaging. In preclinical animal models of inflammatory sites, atherosclerotic plaques and liver inflammation, CDg16 allows visualization of activated macrophages. CDg16 can be used to study inflammation-related diseases and atherosclerosis.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Formula: C27H23N5O3
- Molecular Weight:465.50
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
CDg16 (200 nM; 30 min-1 h) is selectively transported into activated macrophages via the solute carrier transporter SLC18B1[1].
CDg16 (1 μM; 1 h) selectively stains activated Raw264.7 macrophages, distinguishing them from non-activated macrophages[1].
CDg16 (200 nM-1 μM; 30 min-36 h) selectively stains activated M1 and M2 macrophages (including Raw264.7, primary peritoneal, microglia, human monocyte-derived, and THP-1 cells) via Slc18b1/SLC18B1-mediated uptake, with first detectable signals at 8 h post-activation and no observed cellular toxicity over 36 h[2].
CDg16 (200 nM-1 μM; 30 min-1 h) is a selective substrate of the Slc18b1/SLC18B1 transporter, with enhanced CDg16 uptake in SLC18B1-overexpressing HeLa cells, colocalization of CDg16 with SLC18B1, and reduced CDg16 uptake in Slc18b1-knockout Raw264.7 activated macrophages[2].
CDg16 selectively accumulates in sub-lysosomal vesicles of activated M1 and M2 macrophages in vitro via the Slc18b1/SLC18B1 transporter, enabling specific identification of these activated macrophage types (λabs/λem=458/544 nm)[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:ApoE knockout mice (western diet-induced atherosclerotic plaque formation)[2]
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Dosage:500 μM, 200 μL per 20 g mouse
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Administration:i.v.; single dose
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Result:Detected high fluorescence signals in severely atherosclerotic areas of the root of aorta arch, thoracic aorta, and right brachiocephalic artery.
Colocalized with CD86 and iNOS markers for activated macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques.
Detected very low fluorescence in other organs except fat pads, which showed lower signal intensity than plaque areas.
Stained 47.7% of CD45+CD86+ M1 macrophages, 41.6% of CD45+CD38+ M1 macrophages, and 2.1% of CD45+CD206+ M2 macrophages in isolated aorta tissue cells.
Chemical Information
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Molecular Weight 465.50
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Formula C27H23N5O3
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SMILES
NC1=CC=C2C(N=C(C=C(NC(CN(CC3=CC=C(C)C=C3)C(C4=CC=NO4)=O)=O)C=C5)C5=C2)=C1
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Purity & Documentation
References
[2]. Park SJ, et al. Imaging inflammation using an activated macrophage probe with Slc18b1 as the activation-selective gating target. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):1111. Published 2019 Mar 7. [Content Brief]
[3]. Liu X, et al. Fluorescent probe strategy for live cell distinction. Chem Soc Rev. 2022;51(5):1573-1591. Published 2022 Mar 7. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
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