proton acceptor

THAM (Tris) is a low-toxicity amino alcohol buffer, a specific CO₂-consuming proton acceptor that buffers carbon dioxide and acid both in vitro and in vivo. THAM binds protons to form bicarbonate, reduces PaCO₂, and induces intracellular alkalization, thereby ameliorating hypercapnia-induced elevation of pulmonary blood vessels and pulmonary arterial pressure. THAM may cause PaCO₂ rebound, hypoglycemia, and respiratory depression. THAM removes amniotic epithelium and preserves the basement membrane, but depletes extracellular matrix and reduces the adhesion rate of limbal epithelial cells. THAM can act as a CO₂ carrier to enhance the productivity and carbon utilization rate of Scenedesmus obliquus. THAM is a key component of buffer solutions used in various biological, cell culture, biochemical, and molecular biology applications .

THAM acetate is a low-toxicity amino alcohol buffer, a CO₂-consuming proton acceptor that buffers carbon dioxide and acid both in vitro and in vivo. THAM acetate binds protons to form bicarbonate, reduces PaCO₂, and induces intracellular alkalization, thereby ameliorating hypercapnia-induced elevation of pulmonary blood vessels and pulmonary arterial pressure. THAM acetate may cause PaCO₂ rebound, hypoglycemia, and respiratory depression. THAM acetate removes amniotic epithelium and preserves the basement membrane, but depletes extracellular matrix and reduces the adhesion rate of limbal epithelial cells. THAM acetate can act as a CO₂ carrier to enhance the productivity and carbon utilization rate of Scenedesmus obliquus. THAM acetate is a key component of buffer solutions used in various biological, cell culture, biochemical, and molecular biology applications .

2,6-Diphenylpyridine is a proton acceptor (log(P) = 5) and a tridentate [C^N^C] dianionic ligand. 2,6-Diphenylpyridine efficiently transfers protons through a direct pathway at the interface of two immiscible electrolyte solutions. 2,6-Diphenylpyridine as a tridentate ligand and can form mononuclear and binuclear complexes with gold(III). 2,6-Diphenylpyridin is applicable to research in electrochemical ion transfer kinetics and organometallic chemistry .

LysoAIE2 is a Fluorescent probe for lysosomal viscosity detection and live-cell imaging. Its detection mechanism relies on the aggregation-induced emission effect: it exhibits only weak fluorescence in non-viscous media; in viscous environments, restricted intramolecular motion inhibits non-radiative energy dissipation pathways, thereby significantly enhancing fluorescence intensity. It achieves specific targeting of lysosomes through the proton acceptor property of its indole ring structure, while its hydroxyl group endows it with excellent water solubility. This probe is basically unaffected by microenvironmental polarity and pH within the range of pH 4.0 to pH 8.0, which avoids interference from these factors in viscosity measurement. LysoAIE2 has an emission wavelength of 570 nm. It can be used to monitor lysosomal viscosity changes during processes such as Dexamethasone (HY-14648)-induced lysosomal migration and starvation-induced mitophagy in live cells; at concentrations up to 40 μM, cell viability remains above 80%, demonstrating excellent biocompatibility .