Transportan

Transportan (10 μM; 30 min/60 h) efficiently penetrates human Bowes melanoma cells at both 0°C and 37°C with comparable high uptake, distributes across the cytoplasm and nucleus, and has an internalization half-time of 3.4 min^[1].
Transportan (IC₅₀ 22 μM; 12 min at 30 °C) inhibits basal GTPase activity in Rin m5F cellular membranes with an IC₅₀ of 22 μM^[1].
Transportan inserts into phospholipid membranes at an oblique 65° angle relative to the surface, spans the bilayer with its mass center 1.7 Å into the first leaflet, and has a 32% α-helical structure in its central region^[1].
Transportan (1-10 μM; 1 min to 4 h) exhibits broad, cell-type-independent penetration, localizing to plasma membrane, cytosolic membranes, nuclear membrane, and nucleoli in Bowes’ melanoma cells and other mammalian cell lines, with temperature-dependent differences in intracellular distribution^[2].
Transportan binds to galanin receptors in Bowes’ melanoma cell membranes with a K_d value of 17.4 nM^[2].
Transportan (0.1 μM-0.1 mM; 12 min) inhibits basal GTPase activity in Bowes’ melanoma cell membranes with an EC₅₀ of 21.1 μM^[2].
Transportan (10 μM; 1 h) significantly increases bystander uptake of AgNPs, AuNPs, IONPs, and 70 kDa dextran in CHO-K1, H1975, and HeLa cells, as well as QD uptake in CHO-K1 and H1975 cells, and BSA uptake in CHO-K1 cells^[3].
Transportan (10 μM; 1-2 h) induces bystander nanoparticle uptake in CHO-K1 and HeLa cells via receptor-dependent macropinocytosis, with nanoparticles trafficking through early and late endosomes^[3].
Transportan (20 μM; 3 h) potently enhances liposome uptake in CHO, H1975, PC3, Neuro2A, Raw 264.7, and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages^[4].
Transportan (20 μM; 3 h) enables uptake of hydrophilic probe-loaded liposomes in CHO and H1975 cells^[4].
Transportan (20 μM; 3 h)-assisted liposome uptake in CHO cells is mediated primarily by macropinocytosis, with minor contributions from other endocytic pathways^[4].
Transportan (10 μM; 60 min at 37 °C) internalizes into human colon cancer Caco-2 cells, localizing to the nuclear membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm, in an endocytosis-independent manner^[5].
Transportan (10 μM; 60 min at 37 °C) induces marked reorganization of actin filaments in confluent human colon cancer Caco-2 cells, producing thicker, more pronounced vertical stress fibres^[5].
Transportan (different concentrations; 48 h) co-administration significantly enhances the transfection efficiency of GFP-expressing lentivirus and AAV vectors in PC3 cells, Raw264.7 macrophage cell line, bone marrow-derived macrophages, and retinal pigment epithelium cells when incubated for 48 h, with limited cytotoxicity.
Transportan (TP) (2 μM; 12-48 h) efficiently delivers SASH1 siRNA to HT29 and HCT116 colorectal cancer cells, resulting in significant downregulation of SASH1 mRNA levels.
Fluorescently labeled transportan (0-30 μM; 1 h) shows concentration dependent and nonsaturable cellular uptake in triticale cv AC Alta mesophyll protoplasts, with increased relative fluorescence uptake observed at 5, 10, 20, and 30 μM after 1 h incubation at room temperature^[7].
Transportan (320 nmol; 30 h total) delivers functional siNP to inhibit PR8 H1N1 influenza virus replication in MDCK and A549 cells^[8].
Transportan (1 μM; 1 h) penetrates the membrane of HeLa human cervical cancer cells but does not enter HEL299 human non-cancer lung fibroblast cells^[9].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.