USP1

Deubiquitinase USP1 regulates DNA damage response by removing ubiquitin from FANCD2, FANCI, and PCNA, thereby controlling Fanconi anemia signaling and translesion DNA synthesis[1][2]. Mechanistically, USP1 functions with UAF1, which activates USP1 and supports FANCD2 and PCNA deubiquitination in DNA repair contexts[2][3]. In homologous recombination models, USP1/UAF1 promotes double-strand break repair and suppresses nonhomologous end joining[3]. DNA and RAD51AP1 further support efficient FANCD2 deubiquitination by the USP1-UAF1 complex[4]. Compared with broader USP family activity, USP1 shows substrate specificity through its conserved N-terminus, which drives FANCD2 deubiquitination but is not required for PCNA or FANCI deubiquitination[5]. In cancer models, selective USP1/UAF1 inhibitors such as ML323, pimozide, and GW7647 enhance cisplatin responses in non-small cell lung cancer, osteosarcoma, and cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cells[2][6]. In HPV-negative HNSCC models, reduced SERPINB3 decreases USP1-mediated FANCD2-FANCI deubiquitination and increases cisplatin-induced apoptosis[7]. Therefore, USP1 inhibitors serve as practical probes for studying DNA repair, Fanconi anemia pathway regulation, and chemotherapy response mechanisms[2][6].