WHIM syndrome

WHIM (an acronym for warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections and myelokathexis, a form of neutropenia) syndrome is a congenital immunodeficiency disease characterized by neutropenia, hypogammaglobulinemia and susceptibility to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Affected individuals have mutations that variably truncate the cytoplasmic tail domain of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Leukocytes expressing truncated CXCR4 display enhanced responses to the receptor ligand CXCL12, including chemotaxis, which likely impair their trafficking and contribute to the immunohematologic clinical manifestations of the syndrome.