4-Hydroxyisoleucine
Based on 1 Customer Validation
4-Hydroxyisoleucine is an orally active amino acid that can be isolated from fenugreek seeds. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine displays insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.0%
- CAS No.: 781658-23-9
- Formula: C6H13NO3
- Molecular Weight:147.17
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity
4-Hydroxyisoleucine (20 μM, 6 h) decreases the level of iRhom2, TACE, TNF-α and MCP-1 in RAW264.7 macrophages and 3 T3-L1 adipocytes with LPS (HY-D1056) induction[2].
4-Hydroxyisoleucine (20 μM, 6 h) increases the product of M1 macrophage IL-6 and decreases the product of M2 macrophage IL-10 in the co-culture system with LPS (HY-D1056) stimulation[2].
4-Hydroxyisoleucine (0-25 μM, 16 h) increases glucose uptake and surface GLUT4myc level in L6-GLUT4myc myotubes in a concentration-dependent manner[3].
4-Hydroxyisoleucine (0-25 μM, 16 h) stimulates GLUT4myc translocation via PI-3-K/AKT-dependent mechanisms in L6-GLUT4myc myotubes[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:RAW264.7 macrophages and 3 T3-L1 adipocytes
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Concentration:0-20 μM
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Incubation Time:6 h
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Result:Didn’t affect the cell viability.
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Cell Line:RAW264.7 macrophages and 3 T3-L1 adipocytes
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Concentration:20 μM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Inhibited the migration of RAW264.7 macrophages in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Cell Line:L6-GLUT4myc
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Concentration:25 μM
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Incubation Time:16 h
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Result:Increased the AKT (Ser-473) phosphorylation.
Didn’t effect mRNA levels of IRS-1, AKT, GSK3b, or GLUT4 in L6-GLUT4myc myotubes.
4-Hydroxyisoleucine (200 mg/kg, p.o., 8 weeks) decreases the expression of proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, PAI-1, IL-1β, NF-κB, TNF-α, and MCP-1) and the proportion of proinflammatory M1 macrophages in C57BL/6 mice[4].
4-Hydroxyisoleucine (50 mg/kg, i.g., daily, 14 days) restores high levels of lipids (cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides) and uric acid in type 1 diabetic rat to that of nondiabetic controls level[5].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Fructose-fed rat[1]
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Dosage:50 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral gavage (p.o.), daily, 8 weeks
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Result:Decreased the levels of glucose and ALT.
Reduced 80% of fructosehe-induced AST release to 151 ± 45 U/mL.
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Animal Model:Type 2 diabetic rat[1]
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Dosage:50 mg/kg
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Administration:i.g., daily, 14 days
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Result:Restored the level of HDL-cholesterol to levels comparable to controls.
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Animal Model:Male C57BL/6 mice[4]
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Dosage:50-200 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral gavage (p.o.), 8 weeks
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Result:Decreases the body weights of mice in a dose-dependent manner.
Decreased blood glucose levels and fasting plasma insulin content in mice.
Decreased the expression of TLR4, inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK, and increased the production of IκB-α.
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Animal Model:Type 1 diabetic rat[5]
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Dosage:50 mg/kg
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Administration:i.g., daily, 14 days
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Result:Improved appearance and heavy ocular vascularization.
Reduced the blood glucose from 500 mg/dl to 330 mg/dl.
Decreased the levels of lipid markers (TG, LDL and HDL) and uric acid.
Didn’t increase the level of inculin compared with untreated diabetic controls.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 781658-23-9
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 147.17
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Formula C6H13NO3
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)C(O)C)C(O)=O
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Synonyms
4-Hydroxy-L-isoleucine
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 100 mg/mL (679.49 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 100 mg/mL (679.49 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (280 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Haeri MR, et al. The effect of fenugreek 4-hydroxyisoleucine on liver function biomarkers and glucose in diabetic and fructose-fed rats. Phytother Res. 2009 Jan;23(1):61-4. [Content Brief]
[2]. Zhou C, et al. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine relieves inflammation through iRhom2-dependent pathway in co-cultured macrophages and adipocytes with LPS stimulation. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020 Dec 9;20(1):373. [Content Brief]
[3]. Jaiswal N, et al. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine stimulates glucose uptake by increasing surface GLUT4 level in skeletal muscle cells via phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-dependent pathway. Eur J Nutr. 2012 Oct;51(7):893-8. [Content Brief]
[4]. Yang J, et al. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine Alleviates Macrophage-Related Chronic Inflammation and Metabolic Syndrome in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Jan 21;11:606514. [Content Brief]
[5]. Haeri MR, et al. Non-insulin dependent anti-diabetic activity of (2S, 3R, 4S) 4-hydroxyisoleucine of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) in streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats. Phytomedicine. 2012 May 15;19(7):571-4. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 1 mM | 6.7949 mL | 33.9743 mL | 67.9486 mL | 169.8716 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.3590 mL | 6.7949 mL | 13.5897 mL | 33.9743 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6795 mL | 3.3974 mL | 6.7949 mL | 16.9872 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.4530 mL | 2.2650 mL | 4.5299 mL | 11.3248 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3397 mL | 1.6987 mL | 3.3974 mL | 8.4936 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2718 mL | 1.3590 mL | 2.7179 mL | 6.7949 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2265 mL | 1.1325 mL | 2.2650 mL | 5.6624 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1699 mL | 0.8494 mL | 1.6987 mL | 4.2468 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1359 mL | 0.6795 mL | 1.3590 mL | 3.3974 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1132 mL | 0.5662 mL | 1.1325 mL | 2.8312 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0849 mL | 0.4247 mL | 0.8494 mL | 2.1234 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0679 mL | 0.3397 mL | 0.6795 mL | 1.6987 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
4-Hydroxyisoleucine Related Classifications
HY-N6858 Related Classifications
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