Dihydrocitrinone
Dihydrocitrinone is a polyketide secondary metabolite and the major urinary metabolite of citrinin, which can be isolated from Aspergillus strains derived from the rhizosphere soil of date palms. Dihydrocitrinone exerts independent toxic effects in renal cell cultures and zebrafish embryo models, enhances the toxic effects of Ochratoxin A through additive or synergistic actions, and increases the level of miR-731 in zebrafish embryos when acting in combination with Ochratoxin A.
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- CAS No.: 65718-85-6
- Formula: C13H14O6
- Molecular Weight:266.25
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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Fungal Metabolite |
Dihydrocitrinone (2.5-50 μM; 24 h) significantly potentiates ochratoxin A-induced cell viability reduction in 2D MDBK cells[2].
Dihydrocitrinone (50 μM; 24 h) significantly potentiates ochratoxin A-induced cell viability reduction in 2D MDCK cells[2].
Dihydrocitrinone (2.5-50 μM; 24 h) significantly potentiates ochratoxin A-induced cell viability reduction in 3D MDCK spheroid cells[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:2D bovine kidney epithelial MDBK cells
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Concentration:2.5, 10, 25, 50 μM (co-incubation with 0.5 μM Ochratoxin A)
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Significantly enhanced Ochratoxin A-induced toxicity, causing greater reductions in cellular ATP levels compared to ochratoxin A alone.
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Cell Line:2D canine kidney epithelial MDCK cells
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Concentration:50 μM (co-incubation with 1 μM Ochratoxin A)
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Significantly enhanced Ochratoxin A-induced toxicity, causing a greater reduction in cellular ATP levels compared to ochratoxin A alone.
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Cell Line:3D canine kidney epithelial MDCK spheroid cells
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Concentration:2.5, 10, 25, 50 μM (co-incubation with 1.5 μM Ochratoxin A)
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Significantly enhanced Ochratoxin A-induced toxicity, causing major reductions in cellular ATP levels compared to ochratoxin A alone.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:AB strain; Tg(wt1b:GFP) transgenic strain (newly fertilized embryos)[2]
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Dosage:0.78 μM, 1.56 μM, 3.125 μM, 6.25 μM, 12.5 μM, 25 μM, 50 μM (individual exposure); 3.125 μM, 12.5 μM, 25 μM (combined with 0.23 μM Ochratoxin A)
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Administration:static immersion; continuous exposure; pre-eight-cell stage to 120 hpf or 48 hpf
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Result:Did not cause mortality in zebrafish embryos at 120 hpf at concentrations up to 50 μM.
Did not significantly alter miR-731 expression or pronephros morphology in 48 hpf transgenic embryos at 3.125 μM.
Significantly increased embryo mortality at 120 hpf when combined with 0.23 μM Ochratoxin A at 12.5 μM and 25 μM.
Significantly increased miR-731 expression (relative expression ~25-fold compared to control) and caused visible malformations to the pronephric duct section of the pronephros in 48 hpf transgenic embryos when combined with 0.23 μM Ochratoxin A at 3.125 μM.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 65718-85-6
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Molecular Weight 266.25
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Formula C13H14O6
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SMILES
OC1=C2C(=C(C)C(O)=C1C(O)=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](C)OC2=O
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Purity & Documentation
References
[1]. Orfali R, et al. Secondary metabolites from the Aspergillus sp. in the rhizosphere soil of Phoenix dactylifera (Palm tree). BMC Chem. 2019 Aug 7;13(1):103. [Content Brief]
[2]. Csenki Z, et al. The individual and combined effects of ochratoxin A with citrinin and their metabolites (ochratoxin B, ochratoxin C, and dihydrocitrinone) on 2D/3D cell cultures, and zebrafish embryo models. Food Chem Toxicol. 2021 Dec;158:112674. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
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