2. Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
  3. Endogenous Metabolite
  4. Dihydrocitrinone

Dihydrocitrinone is a polyketide secondary metabolite and the major urinary metabolite of citrinin, which can be isolated from Aspergillus strains derived from the rhizosphere soil of date palms. Dihydrocitrinone exerts independent toxic effects in renal cell cultures and zebrafish embryo models, enhances the toxic effects of Ochratoxin A through additive or synergistic actions, and increases the level of miR-731 in zebrafish embryos when acting in combination with Ochratoxin A.

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Dihydrocitrinone

Dihydrocitrinone Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 65718-85-6

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Dihydrocitrinone Related Antibodies

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Description

Dihydrocitrinone is a polyketide secondary metabolite and the major urinary metabolite of citrinin, which can be isolated from Aspergillus strains derived from the rhizosphere soil of date palms. Dihydrocitrinone exerts independent toxic effects in renal cell cultures and zebrafish embryo models, enhances the toxic effects of Ochratoxin A through additive or synergistic actions, and increases the level of miR-731 in zebrafish embryos when acting in combination with Ochratoxin A[1][2].

IC50 & Target[1]

Fungal Metabolite

 

In Vitro

Dihydrocitrinone (2.5-50 μM; 24 h) significantly potentiates ochratoxin A-induced cell viability reduction in 2D MDBK cells[2].
Dihydrocitrinone (50 μM; 24 h) significantly potentiates ochratoxin A-induced cell viability reduction in 2D MDCK cells[2].
Dihydrocitrinone (2.5-50 μM; 24 h) significantly potentiates ochratoxin A-induced cell viability reduction in 3D MDCK spheroid cells[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Dihydrocitrinone Related Antibodies

Cell Viability Assay[2]

Cell Line: 2D bovine kidney epithelial MDBK cells
Concentration: 2.5, 10, 25, 50 μM (co-incubation with 0.5 μM Ochratoxin A)
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Significantly enhanced Ochratoxin A-induced toxicity, causing greater reductions in cellular ATP levels compared to ochratoxin A alone.

Cell Viability Assay[2]

Cell Line: 2D canine kidney epithelial MDCK cells
Concentration: 50 μM (co-incubation with 1 μM Ochratoxin A)
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Significantly enhanced Ochratoxin A-induced toxicity, causing a greater reduction in cellular ATP levels compared to ochratoxin A alone.

Cell Viability Assay[2]

Cell Line: 3D canine kidney epithelial MDCK spheroid cells
Concentration: 2.5, 10, 25, 50 μM (co-incubation with 1.5 μM Ochratoxin A)
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Significantly enhanced Ochratoxin A-induced toxicity, causing major reductions in cellular ATP levels compared to ochratoxin A alone.
In Vivo

Dihydrocitrinone (0.78-50 μM; static immersion; continuous exposure; from pre-eight-cell stage to 48 hpf or 120 hpf) exerts no acute lethal or nephrotoxic effects on zebrafish embryos when applied alone at concentrations up to 50 μM, but co-administration with Ochratoxin A significantly potentiates the latter's induced mortality and nephrotoxicity (characterized by upregulated miR-731 expression and pronephric duct malformations)[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: AB strain; Tg(wt1b:GFP) transgenic strain (newly fertilized embryos)[2]
Dosage: 0.78 μM, 1.56 μM, 3.125 μM, 6.25 μM, 12.5 μM, 25 μM, 50 μM (individual exposure); 3.125 μM, 12.5 μM, 25 μM (combined with 0.23 μM Ochratoxin A)
Administration: static immersion; continuous exposure; pre-eight-cell stage to 120 hpf or 48 hpf
Result: Did not cause mortality in zebrafish embryos at 120 hpf at concentrations up to 50 μM.
Did not significantly alter miR-731 expression or pronephros morphology in 48 hpf transgenic embryos at 3.125 μM.
Significantly increased embryo mortality at 120 hpf when combined with 0.23 μM Ochratoxin A at 12.5 μM and 25 μM.
Significantly increased miR-731 expression (relative expression ~25-fold compared to control) and caused visible malformations to the pronephric duct section of the pronephros in 48 hpf transgenic embryos when combined with 0.23 μM Ochratoxin A at 3.125 μM.
Molecular Weight

266.25

Formula

C13H14O6
CAS No.
SMILES

OC1=C2C(=C(C)C(O)=C1C(O)=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](C)OC2=O
Initial Source
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Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Purity & Documentation
References
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Dihydrocitrinone Related Classifications

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Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Dihydrocitrinone65718-85-6Endogenous Metaboliteochratoxin Akidney cell culturesCandida parapsilosisMDCK cellsPhoenix dactyliferaCandida albicansMDBK cellsmiR-731zebrafish embryo modelsAspergillus sp.Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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