Cat. No.: HY-18733

Lipoic acid

(Synonyms: (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid; R-(+)-Thioctic acid)

9 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 9 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid is more effective than racemic Lipoic acid.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.87%
CAS No.: 1200-22-2
Formula: C₈H₁₄O₂S₂
Molecular Weight:206.33

Storage:

4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

Lipoic acid Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 1200-22-2

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
Chemical Information
Publications (9)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is an antioxidant, which is an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid is more effective than racemic Lipoic acid.

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A549	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 4, LA	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 25874330]
Bel-7402	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 7	Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29635169]
Caco-2	IC₅₀	14.28 μM Compound: 7	Antiproliferative activity against human Caco2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human Caco2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29635169]
EA.hy 926	EC₅₀	68 μM Compound: Lipoic acid	Cytoprotective activity against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in human EAhy926 cells pre-incubated for 24 hrs before H2O2 challenge for 12 hrs by MTT assay Cytoprotective activity against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in human EAhy926 cells pre-incubated for 24 hrs before H2O2 challenge for 12 hrs by MTT assay	10.1039/C4MD00022F
ECV-304	EC₅₀	0.068 mM Compound: Lipoic acid	Cytoprotective activity in H2O2-induced human ECV304 cells assessed as proliferation rate incubated for 24 hrs prior to H2O2-challenge measured after 12 hrs by MTT assay Cytoprotective activity in H2O2-induced human ECV304 cells assessed as proliferation rate incubated for 24 hrs prior to H2O2-challenge measured after 12 hrs by MTT assay	10.1039/C3MD20352B
HCT-116	IC₅₀	266 μM Compound: 29; LA	Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells measured after 72 hrs Cytotoxicity against human HCT-116 cells measured after 72 hrs	[PMID: 38142509]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	890 μM Compound: 29; LA	Cytotoxicity against p53 null human HCT-116 cells measured after 72 hrs Cytotoxicity against p53 null human HCT-116 cells measured after 72 hrs	[PMID: 38142509]
HL-60	IC₅₀	16.36 μM Compound: 7	Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29635169]
HT-29	EC₅₀	250 μM Compound: 1	Induction of apoptosis in human HT-29 cells Induction of apoptosis in human HT-29 cells	[PMID: 20403695]
HT-29	IC₅₀	19.6 μM Compound: 2	Neuroprotective effect was measured by its ability to protect mouse hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cell lines from oxidative stress caused by glutamate Neuroprotective effect was measured by its ability to protect mouse hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cell lines from oxidative stress caused by glutamate	[PMID: 12031315]
HT-29	IC₅₀	266 μM Compound: 29; LA	Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells measured after 72 hrs Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells measured after 72 hrs	[PMID: 38142509]
LNCaP	IC₅₀	54.86 μM Compound: Lipoic acid (LA)	Antioxidant activity against formation of ROS was determined in t-BuOOH treated LNCaP cells after 24 hr of incubation with compounds (1-100 uM) Antioxidant activity against formation of ROS was determined in t-BuOOH treated LNCaP cells after 24 hr of incubation with compounds (1-100 uM)	[PMID: 15633998]
MCF7	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 7	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29635169]
MRC5	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 4, LA	Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 25874330]
PBMC	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 7	Antiproliferative activity against human PBMC cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human PBMC cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29635169]
RKO	IC₅₀	266 μM Compound: 29; LA	Cytotoxicity against human RKO cells measured after 72 hrs Cytotoxicity against human RKO cells measured after 72 hrs	[PMID: 38142509]
SGC-7901	IC₅₀	>50 μM Compound: 7	Antiproliferative activity against human SGC7901 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human SGC7901 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29635169]
SW48	IC₅₀	266 μM Compound: 29; LA	Cytotoxicity against human SW48 cells measured after 72 hrs Cytotoxicity against human SW48 cells measured after 72 hrs	[PMID: 38142509]
T-24	IC₅₀	>100 μM Compound: 4, LA	Cytotoxicity against human T24 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Cytotoxicity against human T24 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 25874330]

In Vitro

Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is the form biosynthesized in humans which is essential for aerobic metabolism. Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) is the nutritionally and therapeutically preferred form due to its "vitamin-like" role in metabolism. Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) and S-(-)-α-Lipoic acid) constitute the racemic mixture Lipoic acid. Only the Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) exists in nature and is an essential cofactor of four mitochondrial enzyme complexes. Lipoic acid ((R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid) has been suggested to be nutritionally and therapeutically preferred form as antioxidant^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 1200-22-2
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 206.33
Formula C₈H₁₄O₂S₂
Color Light yellow to yellow
SMILES

O=C(O)CCCC[C@H]1SSCC1
Synonyms

(R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid; R-(+)-Thioctic acid
Structure Classification
- Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
- Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites
- Microorganisms
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light, stored under nitrogen

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen)

Publications (9)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay2D/3D Cell Culture and DifferentiationWBIn Vivo Efficacy StudyMicrobiological Assay

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Journal Impact Factor

Cell

Prolonged sleep deprivation induces a cytokine-storm-like syndrome in mammals. [Abstract]

2023 Dec 7;186(25):5500-5516.e21. PMID: 38016470

Lipoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell. 2023 Dec 7;186(25):5500-5516.e21. [Abstract]

Survival curves of mice under SD (SR means 48 h of recovery after SD) with oral administration of Lipoic acid (100 mg/kg) (n = 6) or vehicle (n = 5) by gavage.
Adv Funct Mater

2023 Jul 9.

Lipoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Funct Mater. 2023 Jul 9.

Cell proliferation activity of photodamaged HDF cells after treatment of tFNAs (250 nM), Lipoic acid (LA) (40 µM；24 h), or TLA (tFNAs/LA: 250 nM/40 µM) (n = 5).

Lipoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Funct Mater. 2023 Jul 9.

Scratch test results on photodamaged HDF cells treated with tFNAs, Lipoic acid (LA) (40 µM; 48 h), and TLA at 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h. Scale bars: 200 µm.
Nat Commun

Spatially-restricted inflammation-induced senescent-like glia in multiple sclerosis and patient-derived organoids. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 26;16(1):8477. PMID: 41006208

Lipoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Sep 26;16(1):8477. [Abstract]

Lipoic acid (α-Lipoic acid) (100 μM; 18 h) significantly reduced the staining area of SA-β-galactosidase in organoids.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

Ischemic Microenvironment-Targeted Bioinspired Lipoprotein Sequentially Penetrates Cerebral Ischemic Lesions to Rescue Ischemic Stroke. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 18;16(37):49628-49639. PMID: 39228071
Int J Mol Sci

The Antioxidant and HDAC-Inhibitor α-Lipoic Acid Is Synergistic with Exemestane in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 2;25(15):8455. PMID: 39126024
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

Long-Term Sleep Deprivation-Induced Myocardial Remodeling and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mice Were Attenuated by Lipoic Acid and N-Acetylcysteine. [Abstract]

2022 Dec 29;16(1):51. PMID: 36678548
Am J Pathol

Chronic Sleep Deprivation Impairs Visual Functions via Oxidative Damage in Mice. [Abstract]

2024 Feb;194(2):307-320. PMID: 38245252
J Neurosci Res

Enhanced mitochondrial inhibition by 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetaldehyde (DOPAL)-oligomerized α-synuclein. [Abstract]

2019 Dec;97(12):1689-1705. PMID: 31420910
Biochem Biophys Res Commun

Dimethyl α-ketoglutarate reduces CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through inhibition of autophagy in hepatic stellate cells. [Abstract]

2016 Dec 2;481(1-2):90-96. PMID: 27823933

Lipoic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016 Dec 2;481(1-2):90-96. [Abstract]

DMKG inhibits autophagy of HSCs via acetyl-coenzyme A and EP300. Western blot analysis of LC3B, Beclin-1, a-SMA, and collagen-I expression from lysates of HSC-T6 incubated with control media, DMKG (4 mM), or Lipoic acid (5 mM) in the presence or absence of C646 (10 mM) for 12 h.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (484.66 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

4.8466 mL

24.2330 mL

48.4660 mL

5 mM

0.9693 mL

4.8466 mL

9.6932 mL

10 mM

0.4847 mL

2.4233 mL

4.8466 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light, stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final) Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final) Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.12 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.12 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (12.12 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 50% PEG300 50% Saline

Solubility: 10 mg/mL (48.47 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline

Solubility: 25 mg/mL (121.17 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (272 KB)
SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Nasole E, et al. Effects of alpha lipoic acid and its R+ enantiomer supplemented to hyperbaric oxygen therapy on interleukin-6, TNF-α and EGF production in chronic leg wound healing. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2014 Apr;29(2):297-302. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	4.8466 mL	24.2330 mL	48.4660 mL	121.1651 mL
	5 mM	0.9693 mL	4.8466 mL	9.6932 mL	24.2330 mL
	10 mM	0.4847 mL	2.4233 mL	4.8466 mL	12.1165 mL
	15 mM	0.3231 mL	1.6155 mL	3.2311 mL	8.0777 mL
	20 mM	0.2423 mL	1.2117 mL	2.4233 mL	6.0583 mL
	25 mM	0.1939 mL	0.9693 mL	1.9386 mL	4.8466 mL
	30 mM	0.1616 mL	0.8078 mL	1.6155 mL	4.0388 mL
	40 mM	0.1212 mL	0.6058 mL	1.2117 mL	3.0291 mL
	50 mM	0.0969 mL	0.4847 mL	0.9693 mL	2.4233 mL
	60 mM	0.0808 mL	0.4039 mL	0.8078 mL	2.0194 mL
	80 mM	0.0606 mL	0.3029 mL	0.6058 mL	1.5146 mL
	100 mM	0.0485 mL	0.2423 mL	0.4847 mL	1.2117 mL

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Lipoic acid

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Lipoic acid

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (9)

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Lipoic acid Related Classifications

Cat. No.: HY-18733