Carboxylesterase (CES) Substrate

CEMT is a carboxylesterase (CES) substrate and a ratiometric two-photon fluorescent reporter probe. CEMT can be hydrolyzed by CES to generate HMT, which is used for mitochondrial pH sensing. After activation by CES, CEMT exhibits ratiometric fluorescence changes in response to pH variations. CEMT targets and covalently binds to mitochondria, and can avoid leakage during acidification, thus enabling in situ imaging (Ex/Em = 410 nm/550 nm).

CycLuc1 methyl ester (Example 1) is a selective CES1 substrate and indirect bioluminescent inducer. CycLuc1 methyl ester undergoes catalytic hydrolysis via CES1-mediated ester bond cleavage to form a carboxyl product. The carboxyl product of CycLuc1 methyl ester undergoes an oxidation reaction with luciferase to generate a detectable bioluminescent signal. CycLuc1 methyl ester enables quantitative detection of CES1 activity.

Tripropionin (Glycerol tripropionate) is a triglyceride that can be hydrolyzed by carboxylic esterase from carrots. Tripropionin can serve as the oil phase for constructing high-performance lipid nanoemulsion droplets, enabling efficient encapsulation of Combretastatin A4 (HY-N2146) to achieve its stable storage and controlled release.

Dibutyl malate is a substrate of carboxylesterase.