SKQ1
Based on 20 publication(s) in Google Scholar
SKQ1 is a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant with the high mitochondrion membrane penetrating ability and potent antioxidant capability.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.99%
- CAS No.: 934826-68-3
- Formula: C36H42BrO2P
- Molecular Weight:617.60
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Storage:
4°C, stored under nitrogen, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocol
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Immunology/Inflammation Compound Library
HY-L007
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Metabolism/Protease Compound Library
HY-L012
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NF-κB Signaling Compound Library
HY-L014
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FDA-Approved Drug Library
HY-L022
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Anti-Cancer Compound Library
HY-L025
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Anti-Aging Compound Library
HY-L034
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Drug Repurposing Compound Library
HY-L035
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Antioxidant Compound Library
HY-L037
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FDA Approved & Pharmacopeial Drug Library
HY-L066
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FDA-Approved Anticancer Drug Library
HY-L122
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Radioprotector Library
HY-L178
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Bioactive Compound Library Max
HY-L181
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Drug Repurposing Compound Library Plus
HY-L035P
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FDA-Approved Drug Library Plus
HY-L022P
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FDA-Approved Drug Library Mini
HY-L022M
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Bioactive Compound Library
HY-L001
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Anti-Fibrosis Compound Library
HY-L185
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Protein Kinase Compound Library
HY-L196
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High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library
HY-L205
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Lactylation Compound Library
HY-L249
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) SKQ1
More- Redox Biol. 2018 Oct;19:339-353. [Abstract]
- Research (Wash D C). 2025 Jul 22:8:0784. [Abstract]
- Cancer Lett. 2022 Mar 31:529:19-36. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2023 Apr 7;14(4):252. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2021 Sep 8;12(9):839. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Aug 21:S0891-5849(24)00609-9. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Biol Med. 2021 Apr:166:313-323. [Abstract]
- Virulence. 2024 Dec;15(1):2415952. [Abstract]
- Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2022 Mar 2;63(3):4. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2026 Feb 28;40(4):e71586. [Abstract]
- J Cell Physiol. 2023 Aug;238(8):1867-1875. [Abstract]
- Biomedicines. 2024 Sep 4;12(9):2020. [Abstract]
- Bone. 2024 May 22:185:117132. [Abstract]
- Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2023 Oct 3;12(10):1. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2026 Mar 13.
- medRxiv. 2025 Oct 13.
- bioRxiv. 2024 Sep 21:2024.09.21.613572. [Abstract]
- Patent. US20240300987A1.
- Preprints. 2023 May 15.
- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Sep 22;2022:2223957. [Abstract]
Customer Validation & Images
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Flow Cytometry
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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WB
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RT-PCR
Biological Activity
Direct treatment of tumor infiltrating leukocytes with SkQ1 does not influence their cytotoxicity against Panc02 cells. While SkQ1 does not affect viability of the cell lines, this drug at 500 nM concentration reduces heavily the proliferation of human PDAC cells[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 934826-68-3
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 617.60
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Formula C36H42BrO2P
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Color Yellow to brown
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SMILES
O=C(C(CCCCCCCCCC[P+](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3)=C4)C(C)=C(C)C4=O.[Br-]
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, stored under nitrogen, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture)
Publications (20)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Redox Biol
Sirtuin 3-dependent mitochondrial redox homeostasis protects against AGEs-induced intervertebral disc degeneration. [Abstract]2018 Oct;19:339-353. PMID: 30216853
SKQ1 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Redox Biol. 2018 Oct;19:339-353. [Abstract]
Representative western blotting assay and quantitation of the level of Cyt-c in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic extracts from human NP cells with MitoTEMPO or SKQ1 pre-treatment.
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Research (Wash D C)
Visomitin Attenuates Pathological Bone Loss by Reprogramming Osteoclast Metabolism via the STAT3/LDHB Axis. [Abstract]2025 Jul 22:8:0784. PMID: 40698330
SKQ1 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research (Wash D C). 2025 Jul 22:8:0784. [Abstract]
Visomitin (300 nM) diminishes the intracellular ROS levels and attenuates osteoclastogenesis. The relative antioxidant capacity of indicated antioxidants at 300 nM was evaluated in the ABTS system (n = 3). Evaluation and quantification of the intracellular ROS levels of BMMs exposed to H2O2 after pretreatment of a range of antioxidants (300 nM) using flow cytometry.
SKQ1 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research (Wash D C). 2025 Jul 22:8:0784. [Abstract]
Detection of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of DCFH-DA probe in BMMs following treatment with either RANKL or Visomitin (300 nM).
SKQ1 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research (Wash D C). 2025 Jul 22:8:0784. [Abstract]
BMMs were subjected to in vitro osteoclast differentiation and treated with 300 nM Visomitin at specified stages. Representative images of TRAP staining were shown.
SKQ1 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research (Wash D C). 2025 Jul 22:8:0784. [Abstract]
Representative immunoblots illustrating the effects of Visomitin (300 nM) on the activation of RANKL-RANK signaling pathways, including NF-κB, MAPK, and AKT pathways.
SKQ1 purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Research (Wash D C). 2025 Jul 22:8:0784. [Abstract]
The mRNA levels of LDHB in response to Colivelin or Visomitin (300 nM) treatment, as indicated, were assessed using qRT-PCR.
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Cancer Lett
RETRACTED: PINK1 deficiency in gastric cancer compromises mitophagy, promotes the Warburg effect, and facilitates M2 polarization of macrophages. [Abstract]2022 Mar 31:529:19-36. PMID: 34979165 -
Cell Death Dis
Autophagy deficiency exacerbates iron overload induced reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic cell death in skeletal muscle cells. [Abstract]2023 Apr 7;14(4):252. PMID: 37029101 -
Cell Death Dis
2021 Sep 8;12(9):839. PMID: 34497268 -
Free Radic Biol Med
A comparative study of the efficiency of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants MitoTEMPO and SKQ1 under oxidative stress. [Abstract]2024 Aug 21:S0891-5849(24)00609-9. PMID: 39178922 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Hyperglycemia-induced severe mitochondrial bioenergetic deficit of lacrimal gland contributes to the early onset of dry eye in diabetic mice. [Abstract]2021 Apr:166:313-323. PMID: 33705960 -
Virulence
Bactericidal and anti-quorum sensing activity of repurposing drug Visomitin against Staphylococcus aureus. [Abstract]2024 Dec;15(1):2415952. PMID: 39390774 -
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
Pathogenic Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Corneal Endothelial Dysfunction. [Abstract]2022 Mar 2;63(3):4. PMID: 35238867 -
FASEB J
Moxifloxacin Inhibits Neutrophil Responses to Immune Complexes and Ameliorates Skin Inflammation in a Model of Pemphigoid Diseases. [Abstract]2026 Feb 28;40(4):e71586. PMID: 41676900 -
J Cell Physiol
MitoNEET prevents iron overload-induced insulin resistance in H9c2 cells through regulation of mitochondrial iron. [Abstract]2023 Aug;238(8):1867-1875. PMID: 37269467 -
Biomedicines
Preservation of Mitochondrial Function by SkQ1 in Skin Fibroblasts Derived from Patients with Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Is Associated with the PINK1/PRKN-Mediated Mitophagy. [Abstract]2024 Sep 4;12(9):2020. PMID: 39335534 -
Bone
PGC-1α/LDHA signaling facilitates glycolysis initiation to regulate mechanically induced bone remodeling under inflammatory microenvironment. [Abstract]2024 May 22:185:117132. PMID: 38789096 -
Transl Vis Sci Technol
Pathogenicity and Function Analysis of Two Novel SLC4A11 Variants in Patients With Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy. [Abstract]2023 Oct 3;12(10):1. PMID: 37787991 -
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bioRxiv
Diet induced mitochondrial DNA replication instability in Rad51c mutant mice drives sex-bias in anemia of inflammation. [Abstract]2024 Sep 21:2024.09.21.613572. PMID: 39345482 -
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
Mitochondrial Targeted Antioxidant SKQ1 Ameliorates Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis. [Abstract]2022 Sep 22;2022:2223957. PMID: 36193064
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (161.92 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.05 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocol
Panc02 cells are treated 48 h with different concentrations of Visomitin (SkQ1). Cell viability after Visomitin treatment is measured with an EZ4U Kit as described by the manufacturers. Briefly, 20,000 cells per well are seeded in 96-wellplates and let grow overnight. Afterwards, cells are treated without the medium exchange. A substrate compound from the kit is added and the cells are further incubated for 5 hr at 37°C to convert the yellow colored tetrazolium to its red formazan derivate by living cells. The absorbance is measured at 450 nm[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Female C57BL/6 mice are used in this study. For experiments on both acute and chronic pancreatitis, mice are divided in three groups. Group A (acute pancreatitis (AP) n=8; chronic pancreatitis (CP) n=12) is treated with 5 nmol/kg Visomitin (SkQ1), group B (AP n=8; CP n=12) is the untreated control, and group C (AP n=8; CP n=7) is the sham group, which is injected intraperitoneally with 0.9% NaCl instead of cerulein and is therefore the negative control group without pancreatitis. For experiments on acute pancreatitis, mice are pretreated with Visomitin for 8 weeks prior to induction of pancreatitis. Mice designated for experiments on chronic pancreatitis receive Visomitin at the same concentration for 8 weeks in parallel with induction of pancreatitis[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (275 KB)
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SDS (560 KB)
- English - EN (560 KB)
- Français - FR (560 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (560 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (560 KB)
- Español - ES (560 KB)
- Swedish - SV (560 KB)
- Italian - IT (560 KB)
- Korean - KR (560 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (560 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Bazhin AV, et al. The novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 modulates angiogenesis and inflammatory micromilieu in a murine orthotopic model of pancreatic cancer. Int J Cancer. 2016 Jul 1;139(1):130-9. [Content Brief]
[2]. Weniger M, et al. The Analgesic Effect of the Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant SkQ1 in Pancreatic Inflammation. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:4650489. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 1.6192 mL | 8.0959 mL | 16.1917 mL | 40.4793 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3238 mL | 1.6192 mL | 3.2383 mL | 8.0959 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1619 mL | 0.8096 mL | 1.6192 mL | 4.0479 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1079 mL | 0.5397 mL | 1.0794 mL | 2.6986 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0810 mL | 0.4048 mL | 0.8096 mL | 2.0240 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0648 mL | 0.3238 mL | 0.6477 mL | 1.6192 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0540 mL | 0.2699 mL | 0.5397 mL | 1.3493 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0405 mL | 0.2024 mL | 0.4048 mL | 1.0120 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0324 mL | 0.1619 mL | 0.3238 mL | 0.8096 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0270 mL | 0.1349 mL | 0.2699 mL | 0.6747 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0202 mL | 0.1012 mL | 0.2024 mL | 0.5060 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0162 mL | 0.0810 mL | 0.1619 mL | 0.4048 mL |
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